The unit was created in 1968 in an effort to unify Israeli armoured forces in the Sinai, taking an active part in the War of Attrition. It later took an active part in the Yom Kippur War.[2] During the First Lebanon War, it operated on the eastern wing of the Israeli forces pushing into Lebanon.[3] In the 21st century, the division has been charged with securing the border with Egypt.
The unit played an active role in the 2023 Israel–Hamas war. The Israel Defense Forces said that "the 252nd Division has killed hundreds of Hamas operatives, including senior members, in Beit Hanoun and Jabaliya."