The squadron was first activated as the 655th Bombardment Squadron in 1944. After training in the United States, the squadron moved to the Pacific Theater in the spring of 1945, where, as the 55th Reconnaissance Squadron, it provided weather reconnaissance for Boeing B-29 Superfortressstrategic bombing campaign against Japan. After V-J Day, the squadron returned to the United States and conducted weather reconnaissance until October 1947, when it was inactivated and its personnel and equipment transferred to another unit.
The squadron was reactivated at McClellan Air Force Base, California as the 55th Strategic Reconnaissance Squadron. Redesignated the 55th Weather Reconnaissance Squadron in 1954, the squadron flew weather reconnaissance missions until 1953, except for a brief inactive period in the early 1960s.
It was activated in 1997 under its most recent name, when it absorbed the resources of the 50th Weather Squadron, which had replaced the Air Force Space Forecast Center in 1994.
History
World War II
Squadron B-24L, Weather Witch, at Depot Field, Guam[d]
The squadron returned to the United States in March 1946 as an element of Air Weather Service, although it initially had no aircraft assigned and only a few personnel. In mid-July 1946, the squadron moved to Morrison Field, Florida, where the 1st Air Weather Group (Provisional) supervised the conversion of the 54th and 55th Squadrons to operate weather reconnaissance versions of the B-29 Superfortress over the next year.[3] In June 1947, the squadron moved to Fairfield-Suisun Army Air Field, California, where it became responsible for weather reconnaissance operations in the United States. The following month, it began to fly daily missions over the eastern Pacific Ocean. The squadron inactivated in October 1947, transferring its personnel and equipment to the 374th Reconnaissance Squadron, which was simultaneously activated.[2][4]
This action was, in essence, reversed in February 1951 when the squadron was reactivated as the 55th Strategic Reconnaissance Squadron, replacing the 374th Squadron, which had moved to McClellan Air Force Base, California.[2][4] The squadron flew weather reconnaissance missions over the northern Pacific and parts of the Arctic Ocean, using WB-29s. It also supported nuclear weapons testing by monitoring radioactive clouds and taking atmospheric samples. In 1953, the squadron was assigned to the 9th Weather Group.[2]
WB-50 and personnel of squadron Detachment 1 at Ladd AFB in 1958
The following year, the squadron upgraded to Boeing WB-50 Superfortresses. It tested WB-50 aircraft flying long-duration missions over 24 hours in length and trained crews for other weather squadrons. The same year, it was renamed the 55th Weather Reconnaissance Squadron. The 55th provided weather data for transoceanic fighter deployments, photographic reconnaissance for testing experimental Corona reconnaissance satellite imagery, and surveillance for space flight recoveries. In 1957 it added its first jet aircraft, the Boeing WB-47 Stratojet, to its inventory. The squadron added the northwestern Atlantic Ocean to its area of responsibility in the late 1950s. It tracked Hurricanes Dot and Donna in 1959 and 1960. From July 1958 it operated detachments in Alaska, Hawaii and Washington. These detachments were equipped and manned from resources of the 57th and 58th Weather Reconnaissance Squadrons, which were inactivated to free up funds for the Air Force's intercontinental ballistic missile program.[5] It continued operations from these locations until it was inactivated in July 1961.[1][2]
The squadron's inactivation was brief and it was again organized at McClellan AFB in January 1962, as Air Weather Service centralized its reconnaissance units under the 9th Weather Reconnaissance Group. It added Lockheed WC-130 aircraft to its previous mix of WB-50 and WB-47 aircraft The following year it added Martin RB-57F Canberra aircraft modified for high altitude operation and retired its WB-50s. The squadron's mission involved atmospheric sampling and radiation detection work in support of nuclear test monitoring. The Canberras were transferred in 1964 and the WC-130s in 1965, but the Boeing WC-135 Constant Phoenix
flew weather reconnaissance and atmospheric sampling missions over the Pacific and Arctic until 1993. The WB-47s were retired in 1969. In 1986, the squadron monitored atmospheric radiation in Europe after Chernobyl nuclear accident in the Soviet Union. In 1988 and 1989, it tested special photographic equipment for Strategic Defense Initiative research. The squadron inactivated in 1993 with the end of the Cold War.[1][2]
Space weather unit
The squadron was redesignated the 55th Space Weather Squadron and activated under Space Command in March 1997, absorbing the resources of the 50th Weather Squadron and acting as the Air Force's space forecast center. The squadron was inactivated in July 2002.
Lineage
Constituted as the 655th Bombardment Squadron, Heavy on 11 August 1944
Activated on 21 August 1944
Redesignated 55th Reconnaissance Squadron, Long Range, Weather on 16 June 1945
Redesignated 55th Reconnaissance Squadron, Very Long Range, Weather on 27 November 1945
Inactivated on 15 October 1947
Redesignated 55th Strategic Reconnaissance Squadron, Medium, Weather on 22 January 1951
Activated on 21 February 1951
Redesignated 55th Weather Reconnaissance Squadron on 15 February 1954
Discontinued, and inactivated on 8 July 1961
Activated on 12 October 1961 (not organized)
Organized on 8 January 1962
Inactivated on 1 October 1993
Redesignated 55th Space Weather Squadron on 1 March 1997
^Aircraft is Boeing C-135-BN Stratolifter, serial 61-2667. It was converted to WC-135B configuration and later to WC-135W. It served under Project Constant Phoenix and was retired on 7 September 2022. Baugher, Joe (24 March 2023). "1961 USAF Serial Numbers". Joe Baugher. Retrieved 15 May 2023.
^Approved 3 July 1967. Significance: The blue field depicts the sky, the primary area of Air Force operations, and the global shape refers to the worldwide scope of the squadron's activities. The gold fess with red simulated lightning across the sphere symbolizes the earth's division into frigid, temperate, and torrid zones. The gold dividers counter-colored over the zones reflect the route, area weather data, and aerial atmospheric sampling obtained through photographic and visual reconnaissance. The five pointed star with five rays, while indicating the squadron's numerical designation, also symbolizes the squadron's awards – The Meritorious Unit Commendation earned during World War II and the unit's Air Force Outstanding Unit Awards. The emblem contains the national colors of red, white, and blue and the Air Force Colors of ultramarine blue and golden yellow.
^Approved 16 February 1945. Significance: Willie Weatherbee symbolizes the squadron's readiness to carry out its assigned task under all climactic conditions.
^Aircraft is Ford built Consolidated B-24L-10-FO Liberator, serial 44-49506, Weather Wirch. Baugher, Joe (10 May 2023). "1944 USAF Serial Numbers". Joe Baugher. Retrieved 15 May 2023. This plane was declared surplus on 30 November 1945. Photo taken on 19 May 1945.
^Aircraft is Boeing B-47E-60-BW Stratojet, serial 51-2417 (later converted to WB-47E) flying an operational mission from McClellan AFB. Note the single U-1 sampling foil mounted on the right hand bomb bay door. This plane was sent to the Military Aircraft Storage and Disposition Center on 12 September 1969, declared excess six days later and scrapped. Baugher, Joe (10 May 2023). "1951 USAF Serial Numbers". Joe Baugher. Retrieved 15 May 2023.
Fuller, John F. (1990). Thor's Legions: Weather Support to the U. S. Air Force and Army, 1937-1987. Boston MA: American Meteorological Society. ISBN978-0933876880. (link to Google Books extract)
Markus, Rita M.; Halbersen, MSG Nicholas F.; Fuller, John F. (1987). Matthews, James K.; Gustin, Joylyn I. (eds.). Air Weather Service: Our Heritage 1937-1987(PDF). Scott AFB, IL: Air Weather Service. OCLC18406969. Retrieved 10 June 2017.
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