Henry I conquers Utrecht (modern-day Netherlands), which has been in possession of the Vikings for 70 years. Balderic, bishop of Utrecht, moves his seat back from Deventer to Utrecht (approximate date).
July 26 — At the Battle of Valdejunquera, the Muslim forces of the Emir Abd-ar-Rahman III of Córdoba, defeat the Christian armies of King Ordoño II of León and King Sancho I of Pamplona. The decisive battle at the Val de Junquera takes place following the Emir's pre-emptive strike and his invasion of the upper Douro valley and the capture of Osma. The Arab army proceeds on to the upper Ebro, restoring and replenishing Umayyad garrisons in the region.[3]
^Timothy Reuter (1999). The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume III, p. 563. ISBN978-0-521-36447-8.
^Timothy Reuter (1999). The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume III, p. 314. ISBN978-0-521-36447-8.
^Timothy Reuter (1999). The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume III, p. 675. ISBN978-0-521-36447-8.
^Domínguez-Castro, Fernando; Vaquero, José Manuel; Marín, Manuela; Gallego, María Cruz; García-Herrera, Ricardo. "How useful could Arabic documentary sources be for reconstructing past climate?" Weather 67(3): 76-82 doi:10.1002/wea.835 March 2012.