Share to: share facebook share twitter share wa share telegram print page

ABL (gene)

ABL1
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesABL1, ABL proto-oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase, ABL, JTK7, bcr/abl, c-ABL, c-p150, v-abl, CHDSKM, BCR-ABL, Genes, abl
External IDsOMIM: 189980; MGI: 87859; HomoloGene: 3783; GeneCards: ABL1; OMA:ABL1 - orthologs
EC number2.7.10.2
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

25

11350

Ensembl

ENSG00000097007

ENSMUSG00000026842

UniProt

P00519

P00520

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_007313
NM_005157

NM_001112703
NM_009594
NM_001283045
NM_001283046
NM_001283047

RefSeq (protein)

NP_005148
NP_009297

NP_001106174
NP_001269974
NP_001269975
NP_001269976
NP_033724

Location (UCSC)Chr 9: 130.71 – 130.89 MbChr 2: 31.58 – 31.69 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1 also known as ABL1 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the ABL1 gene (previous symbol ABL) located on chromosome 9.[5] c-Abl is sometimes used to refer to the version of the gene found within the mammalian genome, while v-Abl refers to the viral gene, which was initially isolated from the Abelson murine leukemia virus.[6]

Function

The ABL1 proto-oncogene encodes a cytoplasmic and nuclear protein tyrosine kinase that has been implicated in processes of cell differentiation, cell division, cell adhesion, and stress response such as DNA repair.[7][8][9][10] Activity of ABL1 protein is negatively regulated by its SH3 domain, and deletion of the SH3 domain turns ABL1 into an oncogene. The t(9;22) translocation results in the head-to-tail fusion of the BCR and ABL1 genes, leading to a fusion gene present in many cases of chronic myelogenous leukemia. The DNA-binding activity of the ubiquitously expressed ABL1 tyrosine kinase is regulated by CDC2-mediated phosphorylation, suggesting a cell cycle function for ABL1. The ABL1 gene is expressed as either a 6- or a 7-kb mRNA transcript, with alternatively spliced first exons spliced to the common exons 2–11.[11]

Clinical significance

ABL1 kinase domain (blue) in complex with the second-generation Bcr-Abl tyrosine-kinase inhibitor nilotinib (red)

Mutations in the ABL1 gene are associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). In CML, the gene is activated by being translocated within the BCR (breakpoint cluster region) gene on chromosome 22. This new fusion gene, BCR-ABL, encodes an unregulated, cytoplasm-targeted tyrosine kinase that allows the cells to proliferate without being regulated by cytokines. This, in turn, allows the cell to become cancerous.

This gene is a partner in a fusion gene with the BCR gene in the Philadelphia chromosome, a characteristic abnormality in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and rarely in some other leukemia forms. The BCR-ABL transcript encodes a tyrosine kinase, which activates mediators of the cell cycle regulation system, leading to a clonal myeloproliferative disorder. The BCR-ABL protein can be inhibited by various small molecules. One such inhibitor is imatinib mesylate, which occupies the tyrosine kinase domain and inhibits BCR-ABL's influence on the cell cycle. Second generation BCR-ABL tyrosine-kinase inhibitors are also under development to inhibit BCR-ABL mutants resistant to imatinib.[12]

Interactions

ABL gene has been shown to interact with:

Regulation

There is some evidence that the expression of Abl is regulated by the microRNA miR-203.[61]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000097007 – Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000026842 – Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ Szczylik C, Skorski T, Nicolaides NC, Manzella L, Malaguarnera L, Venturelli D, Gewirtz AM, Calabretta B (August 1991). "Selective inhibition of leukemia cell proliferation by BCR-ABL antisense oligodeoxynucleotides". Science. 253 (5019): 562–5. Bibcode:1991Sci...253..562S. doi:10.1126/science.1857987. PMID 1857987.
  6. ^ Abelson HT, Rabstein LS (August 1970). "Lymphosarcoma: virus-induced thymic-independent disease in mice". Cancer Research. 30 (8): 2213–22. PMID 4318922.
  7. ^ Takizawa Y, Kinebuchi T, Kagawa W, Yokoyama S, Shibata T, Kurumizaka H (September 2004). "Mutational analyses of the human Rad51-Tyr315 residue, a site for phosphorylation in leukaemia cells". Genes to Cells. 9 (9): 781–90. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2443.2004.00772.x. PMID 15330855. S2CID 22916981.
  8. ^ Salles D, Mencalha AL, Ireno IC, Wiesmüller L, Abdelhay E (January 2011). "BCR-ABL stimulates mutagenic homologous DNA double-strand break repair via the DNA-end-processing factor CtIP". Carcinogenesis. 32 (1): 27–34. doi:10.1093/carcin/bgq216. PMID 20974687.
  9. ^ Siddiqui A, Tumiati M, Joko A, Sandholm J, Roering P, Aakko S, et al. (2021). "Targeting DNA Homologous Repair Proficiency With Concomitant Topoisomerase II and c-Abl Inhibition". Frontiers in Oncology. 11: 3666. doi:10.3389/fonc.2021.733700. PMC 8488401. PMID 34616682.
  10. ^ "UniProtKB - P00519 (ABL1_HUMAN)". Uniprot. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  11. ^ "Entrez Gene: ABL1 v-abl Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1".
  12. ^ Shah NP, Tran C, Lee FY, Chen P, Norris D, Sawyers CL (July 2004). "Overriding imatinib resistance with a novel ABL kinase inhibitor". Science. 305 (5682): 399–401. Bibcode:2004Sci...305..399S. doi:10.1126/science.1099480. PMID 15256671. S2CID 34972913.
  13. ^ Tani K, Sato S, Sukezane T, Kojima H, Hirose H, Hanafusa H, Shishido T (June 2003). "Abl interactor 1 promotes tyrosine 296 phosphorylation of mammalian enabled (Mena) by c-Abl kinase". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (24): 21685–92. doi:10.1074/jbc.M301447200. PMID 12672821.
  14. ^ Biesova Z, Piccoli C, Wong WT (January 1997). "Isolation and characterization of e3B1, an eps8 binding protein that regulates cell growth". Oncogene. 14 (2): 233–41. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1200822. PMID 9010225. S2CID 22964580.
  15. ^ Yamamoto A, Suzuki T, Sakaki Y (June 2001). "Isolation of hNap1BP which interacts with human Nap1 (NCKAP1) whose expression is down-regulated in Alzheimer's disease". Gene. 271 (2): 159–69. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(01)00521-2. PMID 11418237.
  16. ^ a b Cao C, Leng Y, Li C, Kufe D (April 2003). "Functional interaction between the c-Abl and Arg protein-tyrosine kinases in the oxidative stress response". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (15): 12961–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M300058200. PMID 12569093.
  17. ^ Dai Z, Pendergast AM (November 1995). "Abi-2, a novel SH3-containing protein interacts with the c-Abl tyrosine kinase and modulates c-Abl transforming activity". Genes Dev. 9 (21): 2569–82. doi:10.1101/gad.9.21.2569. PMID 7590236.
  18. ^ a b Chen G, Yuan SS, Liu W, Xu Y, Trujillo K, Song B, Cong F, Goff SP, Wu Y, Arlinghaus R, Baltimore D, Gasser PJ, Park MS, Sung P, Lee EY (April 1999). "Radiation-induced assembly of Rad51 and Rad52 recombination complex requires ATM and c-Abl". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (18): 12748–52. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.18.12748. PMID 10212258.
  19. ^ Shafman T, Khanna KK, Kedar P, Spring K, Kozlov S, Yen T, Hobson K, Gatei M, Zhang N, Watters D, Egerton M, Shiloh Y, Kharbanda S, Kufe D, Lavin MF (May 1997). "Interaction between ATM protein and c-Abl in response to DNA damage". Nature. 387 (6632): 520–3. Bibcode:1997Natur.387R.520S. doi:10.1038/387520a0. PMID 9168117. S2CID 4334242.
  20. ^ a b Kishi S, Zhou XZ, Ziv Y, Khoo C, Hill DE, Shiloh Y, Lu KP (August 2001). "Telomeric protein Pin2/TRF1 as an important ATM target in response to double strand DNA breaks". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (31): 29282–91. doi:10.1074/jbc.M011534200. PMID 11375976.
  21. ^ Salgia R, Pisick E, Sattler M, Li JL, Uemura N, Wong WK, Burky SA, Hirai H, Chen LB, Griffin JD (October 1996). "p130CAS forms a signaling complex with the adapter protein CRKL in hematopoietic cells transformed by the BCR/ABL oncogene". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (41): 25198–203. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.41.25198. PMID 8810278.
  22. ^ Mayer BJ, Hirai H, Sakai R (March 1995). "Evidence that SH2 domains promote processive phosphorylation by protein-tyrosine kinases". Curr. Biol. 5 (3): 296–305. Bibcode:1995CBio....5..296M. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(95)00060-1. PMID 7780740. S2CID 16957239.
  23. ^ a b Puil L, Liu J, Gish G, Mbamalu G, Bowtell D, Pelicci PG, Arlinghaus R, Pawson T (February 1994). "Bcr-Abl oncoproteins bind directly to activators of the Ras signalling pathway". EMBO J. 13 (4): 764–73. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06319.x. PMC 394874. PMID 8112292.
  24. ^ Ling X, Ma G, Sun T, Liu J, Arlinghaus RB (January 2003). "Bcr and Abl interaction: oncogenic activation of c-Abl by sequestering Bcr". Cancer Res. 63 (2): 298–303. PMID 12543778.
  25. ^ Pendergast AM, Muller AJ, Havlik MH, Maru Y, Witte ON (July 1991). "BCR sequences essential for transformation by the BCR-ABL oncogene bind to the ABL SH2 regulatory domain in a non-phosphotyrosine-dependent manner". Cell. 66 (1): 161–71. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(91)90148-R. PMID 1712671. S2CID 9933891.
  26. ^ Foray N, Marot D, Randrianarison V, Venezia ND, Picard D, Perricaudet M, Favaudon V, Jeggo P (June 2002). "Constitutive association of BRCA1 and c-Abl and its ATM-dependent disruption after irradiation". Mol. Cell. Biol. 22 (12): 4020–32. doi:10.1128/MCB.22.12.4020-4032.2002. PMC 133860. PMID 12024016.
  27. ^ Cao C, Leng Y, Kufe D (August 2003). "Catalase activity is regulated by c-Abl and Arg in the oxidative stress response". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (32): 29667–75. doi:10.1074/jbc.M301292200. PMID 12777400.
  28. ^ a b Miyoshi-Akiyama T, Aleman LM, Smith JM, Adler CE, Mayer BJ (July 2001). "Regulation of Cbl phosphorylation by the Abl tyrosine kinase and the Nck SH2/SH3 adaptor". Oncogene. 20 (30): 4058–69. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1204528. PMID 11494134.
  29. ^ a b Soubeyran P, Barac A, Szymkiewicz I, Dikic I (February 2003). "Cbl-ArgBP2 complex mediates ubiquitination and degradation of c-Abl". Biochem. J. 370 (Pt 1): 29–34. doi:10.1042/BJ20021539. PMC 1223168. PMID 12475393.
  30. ^ a b c Ren R, Ye ZS, Baltimore D (April 1994). "Abl protein-tyrosine kinase selects the Crk adapter as a substrate using SH3-binding sites". Genes Dev. 8 (7): 783–95. doi:10.1101/gad.8.7.783. PMID 7926767.
  31. ^ Heaney C, Kolibaba K, Bhat A, Oda T, Ohno S, Fanning S, Druker BJ (January 1997). "Direct binding of CRKL to BCR-ABL is not required for BCR-ABL transformation". Blood. 89 (1): 297–306. doi:10.1182/blood.V89.1.297. PMID 8978305.
  32. ^ Kyono WT, de Jong R, Park RK, Liu Y, Heisterkamp N, Groffen J, Durden DL (November 1998). "Differential interaction of Crkl with Cbl or C3G, Hef-1, and gamma subunit immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif in signaling of myeloid high affinity Fc receptor for IgG (Fc gamma RI)". J. Immunol. 161 (10): 5555–63. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.161.10.5555. PMID 9820532.
  33. ^ van Dijk TB, van Den Akker E, Amelsvoort MP, Mano H, Löwenberg B, von Lindern M (November 2000). "Stem cell factor induces phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase-dependent Lyn/Tec/Dok-1 complex formation in hematopoietic cells". Blood. 96 (10): 3406–13. doi:10.1182/blood.V96.10.3406. hdl:1765/9530. PMID 11071635.
  34. ^ Yamanashi Y, Baltimore D (January 1997). "Identification of the Abl- and rasGAP-associated 62 kDa protein as a docking protein, Dok". Cell. 88 (2): 205–11. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81841-3. PMID 9008161. S2CID 14205526.
  35. ^ Yu HH, Zisch AH, Dodelet VC, Pasquale EB (July 2001). "Multiple signaling interactions of Abl and Arg kinases with the EphB2 receptor". Oncogene. 20 (30): 3995–4006. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1204524. PMID 11494128. S2CID 25752193.
  36. ^ Cao C, Leng Y, Huang W, Liu X, Kufe D (October 2003). "Glutathione peroxidase 1 is regulated by the c-Abl and Arg tyrosine kinases". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (41): 39609–14. doi:10.1074/jbc.M305770200. PMID 12893824.
  37. ^ Bai RY, Jahn T, Schrem S, Munzert G, Weidner KM, Wang JY, Duyster J (August 1998). "The SH2-containing adapter protein GRB10 interacts with BCR-ABL". Oncogene. 17 (8): 941–8. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1202024. PMID 9747873. S2CID 20866214.
  38. ^ Frantz JD, Giorgetti-Peraldi S, Ottinger EA, Shoelson SE (January 1997). "Human GRB-IRbeta/GRB10. Splice variants of an insulin and growth factor receptor-binding protein with PH and SH2 domains". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (5): 2659–67. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.5.2659. PMID 9006901.
  39. ^ Kumar V, Sabatini D, Pandey P, Gingras AC, Majumder PK, Kumar M, Yuan ZM, Carmichael G, Weichselbaum R, Sonenberg N, Kufe D, Kharbanda S (April 2000). "Regulation of the rapamycin and FKBP-target 1/mammalian target of rapamycin and cap-dependent initiation of translation by the c-Abl protein-tyrosine kinase". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (15): 10779–87. doi:10.1074/jbc.275.15.10779. PMID 10753870.
  40. ^ Warmuth M, Bergmann M, Priess A, Häuslmann K, Emmerich B, Hallek M (December 1997). "The Src family kinase Hck interacts with Bcr-Abl by a kinase-independent mechanism and phosphorylates the Grb2-binding site of Bcr". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (52): 33260–70. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.52.33260. PMID 9407116.
  41. ^ Goldberg Z, Vogt Sionov R, Berger M, Zwang Y, Perets R, Van Etten RA, Oren M, Taya Y, Haupt Y (July 2002). "Tyrosine phosphorylation of Mdm2 by c-Abl: implications for p53 regulation". EMBO J. 21 (14): 3715–27. doi:10.1093/emboj/cdf384. PMC 125401. PMID 12110584.
  42. ^ Minegishi M, Tachibana K, Sato T, Iwata S, Nojima Y, Morimoto C (October 1996). "Structure and function of Cas-L, a 105-kD Crk-associated substrate-related protein that is involved in beta 1 integrin-mediated signaling in lymphocytes". J. Exp. Med. 184 (4): 1365–75. doi:10.1084/jem.184.4.1365. PMC 2192828. PMID 8879209.
  43. ^ Law SF, Estojak J, Wang B, Mysliwiec T, Kruh G, Golemis EA (July 1996). "Human enhancer of filamentation 1, a novel p130cas-like docking protein, associates with focal adhesion kinase and induces pseudohyphal growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Mol. Cell. Biol. 16 (7): 3327–37. doi:10.1128/mcb.16.7.3327. PMC 231327. PMID 8668148.
  44. ^ Koch A, Mancini A, Stefan M, Niedenthal R, Niemann H, Tamura T (March 2000). "Direct interaction of nerve growth factor receptor, TrkA, with non-receptor tyrosine kinase, c-Abl, through the activation loop". FEBS Lett. 469 (1): 72–6. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01242-4. PMID 10708759.
  45. ^ Yano H, Cong F, Birge RB, Goff SP, Chao MV (February 2000). "Association of the Abl tyrosine kinase with the Trk nerve growth factor receptor". J. Neurosci. Res. 59 (3): 356–64. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(20000201)59:3<356::AID-JNR9>3.0.CO;2-G. PMID 10679771. S2CID 10977765.
  46. ^ Yuan ZM, Shioya H, Ishiko T, Sun X, Gu J, Huang YY, Lu H, Kharbanda S, Weichselbaum R, Kufe D (June 1999). "p73 is regulated by tyrosine kinase c-Abl in the apoptotic response to DNA damage". Nature. 399 (6738): 814–7. Bibcode:1999Natur.399..814Y. doi:10.1038/21704. PMID 10391251. S2CID 4421613.
  47. ^ Agami R, Blandino G, Oren M, Shaul Y (June 1999). "Interaction of c-Abl and p73alpha and their collaboration to induce apoptosis". Nature. 399 (6738): 809–13. Bibcode:1999Natur.399..809A. doi:10.1038/21697. PMID 10391250. S2CID 4394015.
  48. ^ Wen ST, Van Etten RA (October 1997). "The PAG gene product, a stress-induced protein with antioxidant properties, is an Abl SH3-binding protein and a physiological inhibitor of c-Abl tyrosine kinase activity". Genes Dev. 11 (19): 2456–67. doi:10.1101/gad.11.19.2456. PMC 316562. PMID 9334312.
  49. ^ Roig J, Tuazon PT, Zipfel PA, Pendergast AM, Traugh JA (December 2000). "Functional interaction between c-Abl and the p21-activated protein kinase gamma-PAK". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 (26): 14346–51. Bibcode:2000PNAS...9714346R. doi:10.1073/pnas.97.26.14346. PMC 18921. PMID 11121037.
  50. ^ Cong F, Spencer S, Côté JF, Wu Y, Tremblay ML, Lasky LA, Goff SP (December 2000). "Cytoskeletal protein PSTPIP1 directs the PEST-type protein tyrosine phosphatase to the c-Abl kinase to mediate Abl dephosphorylation". Mol. Cell. 6 (6): 1413–23. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(00)00138-6. PMID 11163214.
  51. ^ Yoshida K, Komatsu K, Wang HG, Kufe D (May 2002). "c-Abl tyrosine kinase regulates the human Rad9 checkpoint protein in response to DNA damage". Mol. Cell. Biol. 22 (10): 3292–300. doi:10.1128/MCB.22.10.3292-3300.2002. PMC 133797. PMID 11971963.
  52. ^ Miyamura T, Nishimura J, Yufu Y, Nawata H (February 1997). "Interaction of BCR-ABL with the retinoblastoma protein in Philadelphia chromosome-positive cell lines". Int. J. Hematol. 65 (2): 115–21. doi:10.1016/S0925-5710(96)00539-7. PMID 9071815.
  53. ^ Welch PJ, Wang JY (November 1993). "A C-terminal protein-binding domain in the retinoblastoma protein regulates nuclear c-Abl tyrosine kinase in the cell cycle". Cell. 75 (4): 779–90. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90497-E. PMID 8242749.
  54. ^ Agami R, Shaul Y (April 1998). "The kinase activity of c-Abl but not v-Abl is potentiated by direct interaction with RFXI, a protein that binds the enhancers of several viruses and cell-cycle regulated genes". Oncogene. 16 (14): 1779–88. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1201708. PMID 9583676.
  55. ^ Zhu J, Shore SK (December 1996). "c-ABL tyrosine kinase activity is regulated by association with a novel SH3-domain-binding protein". Mol. Cell. Biol. 16 (12): 7054–62. doi:10.1128/mcb.16.12.7054. PMC 231708. PMID 8943360.
  56. ^ Wisniewski D, Strife A, Swendeman S, Erdjument-Bromage H, Geromanos S, Kavanaugh WM, Tempst P, Clarkson B (April 1999). "A novel SH2-containing phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase (SHIP2) is constitutively tyrosine phosphorylated and associated with src homologous and collagen gene (SHC) in chronic myelogenous leukemia progenitor cells". Blood. 93 (8): 2707–20. doi:10.1182/blood.V93.8.2707. PMID 10194451.
  57. ^ Wang B, Golemis EA, Kruh GD (July 1997). "ArgBP2, a multiple Src homology 3 domain-containing, Arg/Abl-interacting protein, is phosphorylated in v-Abl-transformed cells and localized in stress fibers and cardiocyte Z-disks". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (28): 17542–50. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.28.17542. hdl:20.500.12613/9174. PMID 9211900.
  58. ^ a b Ziemnicka-Kotula D, Xu J, Gu H, Potempska A, Kim KS, Jenkins EC, Trenkner E, Kotula L (May 1998). "Identification of a candidate human spectrin Src homology 3 domain-binding protein suggests a general mechanism of association of tyrosine kinases with the spectrin-based membrane skeleton". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (22): 13681–92. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.22.13681. PMID 9593709.
  59. ^ Bassermann F, Jahn T, Miething C, Seipel P, Bai RY, Coutinho S, Tybulewicz VL, Peschel C, Duyster J (April 2002). "Association of Bcr-Abl with the proto-oncogene Vav is implicated in activation of the Rac-1 pathway". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (14): 12437–45. doi:10.1074/jbc.M112397200. PMID 11790798.
  60. ^ Rafalska I, Zhang Z, Benderska N, Wolff H, Hartmann AM, Brack-Werner R, Stamm S (August 2004). "The intranuclear localization and function of YT521-B is regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation". Hum. Mol. Genet. 13 (15): 1535–49. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddh167. PMID 15175272.
  61. ^ Bueno MJ, Pérez de Castro I, Gómez de Cedrón M, Santos J, Calin GA, Cigudosa JC, Croce CM, Fernández-Piqueras J, Malumbres M (June 2008). "Genetic and epigenetic silencing of microRNA-203 enhances ABL1 and BCR-ABL1 oncogene expression". Cancer Cell. 13 (6): 496–506. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2008.04.018. hdl:10261/7369. PMID 18538733. (Erratum: doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2016.03.013, PMID 27070707)

Further reading

Read other articles:

Phidippus adonis

Phidippus adonis Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Animalia Filum: Arthropoda Kelas: Arachnida Ordo: Araneae Famili: Salticidae Genus: Phidippus Spesies: Phidippus adonis Nama binomial Phidippus adonisEdwards, 2004 Phidippus adonis adalah spesies laba-laba yang tergolong famili Salticidae. Spesies ini juga merupakan bagian dari genus Phidippus dan ordo Araneae. Nama ilmiah dari spesies ini pertama kali diterbitkan pada tahun 2004 oleh Edwards. Laba-laba ini biasanya banyak ditemui di Meksiko. Refe...

 

Hoplobatrachus rugulosus

  Hoplobatrachus rugulosus Estado de conservaciónPreocupación menor (UICN 3.1)[1]​TaxonomíaReino: AnimaliaFilo: ChordataClase: AmphibiaOrden: AnuraFamilia: DicroglossidaeGénero: HoplobatrachusEspecie: Hoplobatrachus rugulosus(Wiegmann, 1834)Sinonimia Rana tigrina ssp. pantherina Steindachner, 1867 [editar datos en Wikidata] Hoplobatrachus rugulosus es una especie de anfibio anuro de la familia Dicroglossidae. Se encuentra en Camboya, China, Hong Kong, Laos, Macao...

 

Ivaň

Dieser Artikel beschreibt die Gemeinde. Zum Ort in der Hanna siehe Ivaň na Hané. Ivaň Ivaň (Tschechien) Basisdaten Staat: Tschechien Tschechien Region: Jihomoravský kraj Bezirk: Brno-venkov Fläche: 1176 ha Geographische Lage: 48° 56′ N, 16° 35′ O48.93138888888916.584444444444172Koordinaten: 48° 55′ 53″ N, 16° 35′ 4″ O Höhe: 172 m n.m. Einwohner: 799 (1. Jan. 2023)[1] Postleitzahl: 691 23 Kfz-Kennze...

Kanton Marseille-La Belle-de-Mai

Ehemaliger Kanton Marseille-La Belle-de-Mai Region Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur Département Bouches-du-Rhône Arrondissement Marseille Hauptort Marseille Auflösungsdatum 29. März 2015 Einwohner 28.667 (1. Jan. 2012) Bevölkerungsdichte 17.166 Einw./km² Fläche 1.67 km² Gemeinden 1 INSEE-Code 1317 Lage des Kantons Marseille-La Belle-de-Mai im Département Bouches-du-Rhône Der Kanton Marseille-La Belle-de-Mai war bis 2015 ein französischer Wahlkreis im Arrondissement...

 

Kotasaurus

Extinct genus of dinosaurs KotasaurusTemporal range: Early Jurassic, 196.5–183 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Mounted skeleton of Kotasaurus; based on the holotype Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Clade: Dinosauria Clade: Saurischia Clade: †Sauropodomorpha Clade: †Sauropoda Clade: †Eusauropoda Genus: †KotasaurusYadagiri, 1988 Type species †Kotasaurus yamanpalliensisYadagiri, 1988 Kotasaurus (/ˌkoʊtəˈsɔːrəs/ KOH-tə-SOR-...

 

Kültepe

Untuk desa di Azerbaijan, lihat Kültəpə. Untuk penggunaan lain, lihat Kültepe (disambiguasi). KültepeIstana Hittite di KültepeLokasi di TurkeyLokasiProvinsi Kayseri, TurkiWilayahAnatoliaKoordinat38°51′N 35°38′E / 38.850°N 35.633°E / 38.850; 35.633Koordinat: 38°51′N 35°38′E / 38.850°N 35.633°E / 38.850; 35.633JenisPemukimanSejarahBudayaHittite AsiriaCatatan situsKondisiReruntuhan Kültepe (Turki: Bukit Abu dan Persia: ک...

Jamur tiram

Jamur tiram Jamur tiram Status konservasi Status konservasi: Aman Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Fungi Kelas: Homobasidiomycetes Ordo: Agaricales Famili: Tricholomataceae Genus: Pleurotus Spesies: P. ostreatus Nama binomial Pleurotus ostreatusChamp. Jura. Vosg. 1: 112, 1872 Pleurotus ostreatusfloat Karakteristik mikologiHimenium berbentuk insangTudung serongHimenium melanjutTangkai gundulJejak spora berwarna putihJenis ekologi saprotrofEdibilitas: pilihan Jamur tiram di permukaan batang ka...

 

Monarchy of Pakistan

Pakistan's head of state from 1947 to 1956 Not to be confused with Princely states of Pakistan. Monarchy of PakistanCoat of arms of PakistanLast to reignElizabeth II6 February 1952 – 23 March 1956 DetailsStyleHis Majesty1947–1952Her Majesty1952–1956First monarchGeorge VILast monarchElizabeth IIFormation14 August 1947Abolition23 March 1956 From 1947 to 1956, the Dominion of Pakistan was a self-governing country within the Commonwealth of Nations that shared a monarch with the U...

 

Bambi (artist)

BambiBornUnknownLondonKnown forGraffitiFeminist artSocial commentaryStreet art Bambi is the pseudonym of a contemporary British street artist. Her works focuses on contemporary female identity and its relationship to patriarchal culture. She also highlights political and social injustice. Bambi is derived from the childhood family nickname Bambino and is a popular artist within the show business world.[1]  Collectors of her work include Rihanna,[1] Brad Pitt,[cit...

Corinne Schmidhauser

Swiss alpine skier Corinne SchmidhauserPersonal informationBorn (1964-05-30) 30 May 1964 (age 59)Zollikofen, SwitzerlandOccupationAlpine skierSkiing careerDisciplinesTechnical eventsWorld Cup debut1983Retired1989World ChampionshipsTeams1World CupSeasons7Wins4Podiums8Discipline titles1 Medal record Women's alpine skiing Representing   Switzerland World Cup race podiums Event 1st 2nd 3rd Slalom 4 1 2 Combined 0 1 0 Total 4 2 2 Corinne Schmidhauser racing in 1987 Corinne Schmidhau...

 

Battle of Boonville

Battle of the American Civil War Not to be confused with the 1862 Battle of Booneville in Mississippi. This article has an unclear citation style. The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of citation and footnoting. (January 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) First Battle of BoonvillePart of the Trans-Mississippi Theater of theAmerican Civil WarThe Battle of Boonville, Mo. by Orlando C. RichardsonDateJune 17, 1861LocationBoonville, M...

 

علم التشخيص الجزيئي

علم التشخيص الجزيئيصنف فرعي من تشخيص جزء من تقانة حيوية تعديل - تعديل مصدري - تعديل ويكي بيانات متخصص يستخدم جهاز كياسيمفني، منصة التشغيل الآلي للاختبارات التحليلية الجزيئية. علم التشخيص الجزيئي (أ) هو مجموعة من التقنيات المستخدمة لتحليل الواصمات الحيوية في الجينوم والبرو...

Nicholas Preston, 6th Viscount Gormanston

Irish viscount (died 1643) Nicholas PrestonViscount GormanstonTenure1630–1643PredecessorJenico, 5th Viscount GormanstonSuccessorJenico, 7th Viscount GormanstonBornc. 1608Died29 July 1643Spouse(s)Mary BarnewallIssueDetailJenico & othersFatherJenico, 5th Viscount GormanstonMotherMargaret St. Lawrence Nicholas Preston, 6th Viscount Gormanston (1606–1643) sat in the House of Lords of the Irish Parliament of 1634–1635 and sided with the insurgents after the Irish Rebellion of 1641....

 

Canada–Palestine relations

Bilateral relationsCanada-Palestine relations Canada Palestine The history of Canada-Palestine ties is complicated. Various circumstances, including Canada's colonial legacy, foreign relations, and the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict, have shaped it. During the Ottoman Empire's rule over Palestine, which lasted until World War I, Canada did not have a significant relationship with the region. However, following the war, the British Empire gained control over Palestine, and Canada became ...

 

東京都立東久留米総合高等学校

東京都立東久留米総合高等学校 北緯35度45分44.8秒 東経139度31分10.4秒 / 北緯35.762444度 東経139.519556度 / 35.762444; 139.519556座標: 北緯35度45分44.8秒 東経139度31分10.4秒 / 北緯35.762444度 東経139.519556度 / 35.762444; 139.519556国公私立の別 公立学校設置者  東京都併合学校 東京都立清瀬東高等学校東京都立久留米高等学校設立年月日 2007年4月共学・�...

Organización para la Cooperación Islámica

No debe confundirse con Liga Árabe. Organización para la Cooperación Islámicaمنظمة التعاون الاسلاميOrganisation of Islamic CooperationOrganisation de la Coopération Islamique Bandera Situación de Organización para la Cooperación Islámica   Sede Yeda, Arabia Saudita Tipo Agrupación de países musulmanes Fundación 1969 Sitio web http://www.oic-oci.org La Organización para la Cooperación Islámica (OCI por sus siglas; en árabe: منظمة التعاون ا�...

 

El Disco Duro

Unreleased studio album by Daddy Yankee El Disco DuroStudio album (unreleased) by Daddy YankeeRecorded2014[1]–2019[2][3]GenreReggaetonhip hopLatin popLatin trapLabelEl CartelProducerChris JedayGaby MusicJumboLos Evo JedisSingles from El Disco Duro Sígueme y Te SigoReleased: March 12, 2015 VaivénReleased: September 17, 2015 Shaky ShakyReleased: April 8, 2016 Otra CosaReleased: December 9, 2016 La Rompe CorazonesReleased: January 6, 2017 VuelveReleased: Septe...

 

Amber Fort

UNESCO World Heritage Site In India Amer fortPart of RajasthanAmer, Rajasthan, India Amer fortShow map of JaipurAmer fortShow map of RajasthanCoordinates26°59′09″N 75°51′03″E / 26.9859°N 75.8507°E / 26.9859; 75.8507TypeFort and PalaceSite informationControlled byGovernment of RajasthanOpen tothe publicYesConditionGoodSite historyBuilt1592[1]Built byMan Singh IMaterialsSandstone and marble UNESCO World Heritage SiteTypeCulturalCri...

2019 Indian general election in Himachal Pradesh

2019 Indian general election in Himachal Pradesh ← 2014 19 May 2019 2024 → 4 seatsTurnout72.42% (7.97%)   First party Second party   Party BJP INC Alliance NDA UPA Last election 4 0 Seats won 4 0 Seat change Percentage 69.11% 27.30% Swing 16.11% 13.70% Results of elections in Himachal Pradesh by constituency. Darker shade indicates stronger vote share. The 2019 Indian general election held in India on 19 May 2019 to constitute the 17th Lok Sabha....

 

Shrewsbury and Atcham

Former non-metropolitan district in England For the parliamentary constituency of the same name, see Shrewsbury and Atcham (UK Parliament constituency). 52°37′41″N 2°45′32″W / 52.628°N 2.759°W / 52.628; -2.759 Borough of Shrewsbury and AtchamShown within Shropshire non-metropolitan countyHistory • OriginBorough of ShrewsburyAtcham Rural District • Created1 April 1974 • Abolished31 March 2009 • Succeeded b...

 
Kembali kehalaman sebelumnya