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Ammonium sulfamate

Ammonium sulfamate[1]
Names
IUPAC name
Ammonium sulfamate
Other names
Ammonium sulphamate
Ammate herbicide[2]
Ammonium amidosulfonate[2]
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.028.974 Edit this at Wikidata
KEGG
RTECS number
  • WO6125000
UNII
  • InChI=1S/H3NO3S.H3N/c1-5(2,3)4;/h(H3,1,2,3,4);1H3 checkY
    Key: GEHMBYLTCISYNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/H3NO3S.H3N/c1-5(2,3)4;/h(H3,1,2,3,4);1H3
    Key: GEHMBYLTCISYNY-UHFFFAOYAI
  • [O-]S(=O)(=O)N.[NH4+]
Properties
[NH4]SO3NH2
Molar mass 114.125 g/mol
Appearance White solid
hygroscopic
Density 1.8 g/cm3
Melting point 131 °C (268 °F; 404 K)
Boiling point 160 °C (320 °F; 433 K) (decomposes)
very soluble
Solubility soluble in glycerol, glycol, formamide
slightly soluble in ethanol
insoluble in methanol, ether, n-octanol
Acidity (pKa) 6
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
 Irritant
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroformFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
2
0
0
Flash point Non-flammable
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
2000 mg/kg (oral, rat)
3100 mg/kg (oral, mouse)
3900 mg/kg (oral, rat)
5760 mg/kg (oral, mouse)[3]
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 TWA 15 mg/m3 (total) TWA 5 mg/m3 (resp)[2]
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 10 mg/m3 (total) TWA 5 mg/m3 (resp)[2]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 1500 mg/m3[2]
Safety data sheet (SDS) ICSC 1555
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
checkY verify (what is checkY☒N ?)

Ammonium sulfamate (or ammonium sulphamate) is a white crystalline solid, readily soluble in water. It is commonly used as a broad spectrum herbicide, with additional uses as a compost accelerator, flame retardant and in industrial processes.

Manufacture and distribution

It is a salt formed from ammonia and sulfamic acid.

Ammonium sulfamate is distributed under the following tradenames, which are principally herbicidal product names: Amicide, Amidosulfate, Ammate, Amcide, Ammate X-NI, AMS, Fyran 206k, Ikurin, Sulfamate, AMS and Root-Out.

Uses

Herbicide

Ammonium sulfamate is considered to be particularly useful in controlling tough woody weeds, tree stumps and brambles.

Ammonium sulfamate has been successfully used in several major UK projects by organisations like the British Trust for Conservation Volunteers, English Heritage, the National Trust, and various railway, canal and waterways authorities.

Several years ago the Henry Doubleday Research Association (HDRA) (known as Garden Organic), published an article on ammonium sulfamate after a successful set of herbicide trials.[citation needed] Though not approved for use by organic growers it does provide an option when alternatives have failed.

The following problem weeds / plants can be controlled: Japanese Knotweed (Reynoutria japonica, syn. Fallopia japonica), Marestail / Horsetail (Equisetum), Ground-elder (Aegopodium podagraria), Rhododendron ponticum, Brambles, Brushwood, Ivy (Hedera species), Senecio/Ragwort, Honey fungus (Armillaria), and felled tree stumps and most other tough woody specimens.[citation needed]

Compost accelerator

Ammonium sulfamate is used as a composting accelerator in horticultural settings. It is especially effective in breaking down the tougher and woodier weeds put onto the compost heap.

Flame retardant

Ammonium sulfamate (like other ammonium salts, e.g. Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, Ammonium sulfate) is a useful flame retardant.[4] These salt based flame retardants offer advantages over other metal/mineral-based flame retardants in that they are water processable. Their relatively low decomposition temperature makes them suitable for flame retarding cellulose based materials (paper/wood). Ammonium sulfamate (like Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate) is sometimes used in conjunction with Magnesium sulfate or Ammonium sulfate (in ratios of approximately 2:1) for enhanced flame retardant properties.

Other uses

Within industry ammonium sulfamate is used as a flame retardant, a plasticiser and in electro-plating. Within the laboratory it is used as a reagent.

Safety

Ammonium sulfamate is considered to be only slightly toxic to humans and other animals, making it appropriate for amateur home garden, professional and forestry uses.[5] It is generally accepted to be safe for use on plots of land that will be used for growing fruit and vegetables intended for consumption.

It corrodes brass, copper, and iron. Its contact with eyes or skin can be harmful unless it is quickly washed off.[6]

In the United States, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration has set a permissible exposure limit at 15 mg/m3 over an eight-hour time-weighted average, while the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recommends exposures no greater than 10 mg/m3 over an eight-hour time-weighted average.[7] These occupational exposure limits are protective values, given the IDLH concentration is set at 1500 mg/m3.[8]

It is also considered to be environmentally friendly due to its degradation to non-harmful residues.

European Union licensing

The pesticides review by the European Union led to herbicides containing ammonium sulfamate becoming unlicensed, and therefore effectively banned, from 2008.[9]

Its availability and use as a compost accelerator is unaffected by the EU's pesticide legislation.

See also

References

  1. ^ ""+pageTitle+"". Archived from the original on 2007-10-13. Retrieved 2007-07-20. Chemical properties from Sigma-Adrich
  2. ^ a b c d e NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0030". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  3. ^ "Ammonium sulfamate". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  4. ^ Bidlack, Verne C.; Fasig, Edgar W. (1951) [1951], "10", Paint and Varnish Production Manual, John Wiley & Sons, p. 275
  5. ^ "Pesticide Information Profiles : Ammonium sulfamate". EXTOXNET Extension Toxicology Network. files maintained and archived at Oregon State University. June 1996. Retrieved Mar 21, 2010.
  6. ^ Sunset Western Garden Book (1954), p.69
  7. ^ "Ammonium sulfamate". NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. April 4, 2011. Retrieved November 18, 2013.
  8. ^ "Ammonium sulfamate". Documentation for Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health Concentrations (IDLHs). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. May 1994. Retrieved November 18, 2013.
  9. ^ "Amateur products withdrawn from the market containing ammonium sulphamate". Health and Safety Executive. Archived from the original on 2009-11-13. Retrieved Mar 21, 2010.
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