Andranik Semovich Tangian (Melik-Tangyan) (Russian: Андраник Семович Тангян (Мелик-Тангян)); born March 29, 1952) is a Soviet Armenian-German mathematician, political economist and music theorist.[1] He is professor of the Institute for Economics (ECON) of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology.[2]
Biography
As a self-taught composer, he debuted with orchestral music to the play The Last Trimester at the Moscow Central Children Theater [de] in 1977.[3]
Tangian spent the academic year 1990/91 at the University of Hagen and published his first monograph on the mathematical theory of democracy in 1991.[4] During the next two academic years, Tangian has been visiting professor/researcher at the computer music studio ACROE–LIFIA of the Grenoble Institute of Technology, where he wrote a monograph on artificial perception and music.[5]
From 1993 to 2002 Tangian ran a project on constructing objective functions for econometric decision models at the University of Hagen.[6][7]
Combining the social choice and public choice approaches, Tangian's theory mathematically studies the fundamental concept to modern democracies – that of political representation.[8][9] For this purpose, several indices of representativeness are introduced and used for both theoretical analysis and applications.[10][11][12]
The method developed within the framework of the Mathematical theory of democracy assumes that instead of casting votes for candidates by name, electors give Yes/No-answers to political questions as raised in the candidates' manifestos.[13] The balance of public opinion on these issues thus identified is then used to find the most representative candidates and form the most representative parliament.[14][15][16][17][18]
For decision models, Tangian has developed several methods for constructing objective functions (= composite indices that embody decision-makers' preferences).[19][20] In particular, they are applied to optimize budgets for 16 Westphalian universities[21] and the European subsidies to 271 German regions for equalizing unemployment rates.[22]
Tangian's ten empirical models of flexicurity — the European policy intended to compensate the flexibilization of employment by social security measures — show that it fails to meet expectations.[23] Alternatively, the job quality indicators developed within this research[24] are proposed for the workplace tax that, by analogy with the green tax, should charge employers for bad working conditions considered "social pollution".[25]
According to Tangian, the current rise in inequality is caused, among other things, by the increasing productivity, which enables to underpay workers in so-called "labor equivalents", maintaining nevertheless an impression of fair pay, and use the surplus profit to enrich the upper strata of the society.[26]
Artificial perception and automatic notation of music
The approach implements Tangian's principle of correlativity of perception for structuring data without knowing the structures, which is based on memory-saving representations.[5][27][28] This model is used for polyphonic voice separation/chord recognition and tempo tracking under variable tempo.[29][30]
Tangian has proposed to segment the musical text with respect to the segment functions and show the segments using tempo envelopes, dynamics and other execution techniques. All of these are displayed in a conditional "orchestral score".[31]
This idea is also applied to theatrical performance and its notation.[32]
In the 2000s, Tangian has developed algorithms for finding rhythmic canons and fugues, i.e. polyphonic structures generated by one or two rhythmic patterns that in their interaction produce a regular pulse train, however, with no coinciding time events from different voices.[33][34][35][36] As harmony algorithms, 2D and 3D proximity maps for major and minor keys and chords have been developed.[37]
^Sukhina, Z. (Сухина З.) (5 April 1977). "Открытие имен" [Discovering names]. Советская культура [Soviet Culture] (in Russian): 8.
^Tanguiane (Tangian), Andranick (1991). Aggregation and representation of preferences: introduction to mathematical theory of democracy. Berlin–Heidelberg: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-76516-2. ISBN978-3-642-76516-2.
^ abTanguiane (Tangian), Andranick (1993). Artificial perception and music recognition. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence. Vol. 746. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. ISBN978-3-540-57394-4.
^Tangian, Andranik; Gruber, Josef (1997). Constructing scalar-valued objective functions. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Econometric Decision Models: Constructing Scalar-Valued Objective Functions, University of Hagen, held in Katholische Akademie Schwerte September 5–8, 1995 (Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems 453). Berlin: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-48773-6. ISBN978-3-540-63061-6.
^Tangian, Andranik; Gruber, Josef (2002). Constructing and applying objective functions. Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Econometric Decision Models: Constructing and Applying Objective Functions, University of Hagen, held in Haus Nordhelle, August, 28–31, 2000 (Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems 510). Berlin: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-56038-5. ISBN978-3-540-42669-1.
^Tangian, Andranik (2017). "An election method to improve policy representation of a parliament". Group Decision and Negotiation. 26 (1): 181–196. doi:10.1007/S10726-016-9508-4. S2CID157553362.
^Amrhein, Marius; Diemer, Antonia; Eßwein, Bastian; Waldeck, Maximilian; Schäfer, Sebastian. "The Third Vote (web page)". Karlsruhe: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute ECON. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
^Tanguiane (Tangian), Andranick (1994). "A principle of correlativity of perception and its application to music recognition". Music Perception. 11 (4): 465–502. doi:10.2307/40285634. JSTOR40285634.
^Tangian, Andranik. The sieve of Eratosthene for Diophantine equations in integer polynomials and Johnson's problem. Discussion Paper. Vol. 309. Hagen: University of Hagen. S2CID117546022.
