Miller was first elected to the House of Commons at the 1992 general election, when he won Ellesmere Port and Neston for Labour from the Conservatives, the sitting MP, Mike Woodcock, retiring that year. He was re-elected four times over the years.[2] In Parliament, Miller served on numerous select committees. In 2005 he was confirmed as chairman of the House of Commons Regulatory Reform Committee. He served for four years from 2001 to the ministers at the Department of Trade and Industry, and was the first chair of the House of Commons Science and Technology Select Committee to be elected by all members of the House; he served in the position for more than ten years.[3]
After leaving Parliament, Miller continued to work in science policy. He chaired the University of Chester, Thornton Science Park Advisory Board and the Engagement Advisory Board, joined the University Council and was a director of Thornton research. He was the chair of the Grantham Institute for Sustainable Futures engagement board. He was a board member of the UK Research Integrity Office, a trustee of Newton's Apple, and a member of the Royal Society, Science Policy Expert Advisory Committee.[citation needed]
The Science Council recognised him as "one of the UK's 100 leading practising scientists" in 2014. He was awarded an honorary DSc by the University of Chester in November 2014 and an Honorary Fellowship at Liverpool John Moores University in July 2015.[3]