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The eastern rim of the Palatinate forest has been densely populated since the Middle Ages. Several medieval castles show the significance of the region during the early Holy Roman Empire.
The district was established in 1969 by combining portions of the former districts of Neustadt and Frankenthal.
The district is located on the eastern rim of the Palatinate Forest a line of hills called the Haardt. The German Wine Road (Deutsche Weinstraße), a scenic road along the best vineyards of the Palatinate wine region, runs through the district from north to south. The district is sometimes called "the heart of the Palatinate".
The best wine-growing area is the Mittelhaardt ("Middle Haardt"), where the Riesling wine is cultivated, which is considered to be one of the best German wines.
Coat of arms
The coat of arms displays:
The heraldic lion of the Palatinate
Grapes symbolising the Wine Road and the vineyards
The heraldic eagle of the former county of Leiningen