Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter (/biˈɒnseɪ/ⓘbee-ON-say;[6] born September 4, 1981)[7] is an American singer-songwriter and businesswoman. Regarded as the greatest musical artist of the 21st century by major publications and an influential cultural figure,[8] Beyoncé has been credited with transforming the sound of popular music with her innovative projects and live performances.[9][10]Rolling Stone named her the world's greatest living entertainer and one of the greatest vocalists of all time in 2024.[11]
Beyoncé's maternal grandparents, Lumis Albert Beyincé and Agnéz Deréon (daughter of Odilia Broussard and Eugène DeRouen),[32] were French-speaking Louisiana Creoles, with roots in New Iberia;[33][32][34] She is a descendant of Acadian militia officer Joseph Broussard, who was exiled to French Louisiana after the expulsion of the Acadians, and of the French military officer and Abenaki chief Jean-Vincent d'Abbadie, Baron de Saint-Castin.[28][35] She has additional Breton heritage. Beyoncé's fourth great-grandmother, Marie-Françoise Trahan, was born in 1774 in Bangor, located on Belle Île, France. Trahan was a daughter of Acadians who had taken refuge on Belle Île after the Acadian expulsion. The Estates of Brittany had divided the lands of Belle Île to distribute them among 78 other Acadian families and the already settled inhabitants. The Trahan family lived on Belle Île for over ten years before migrating to Louisiana, where she married a Broussard descendant.[36] Beyoncé researched her ancestry and discovered that she is descended from a slave owner who married his slave.[37] Her mother is also of distant Irish and Jewish ancestry.[38][39][40][33] Beyoncé also has Belgian ancestry from Hainaut Province, Wallonia and is related to a former mayor of Froidchapelle, Belgium.[41][42]
Beyoncé was raised with multiple religious traditions, attending St. John's United Methodist Church in Houston as well as St. Mary of the Purification Catholic Church.[43][44][45] She went to St. Mary's Catholic Montessori School in Houston and enrolled in dance classes there.[46] Her singing ability was discovered when dance instructor Darlette Johnson began humming a song and Beyoncé finished it, able to hit the high-pitched notes.[47] Beyoncé's interest in music and performing continued after winning a school talent show at age seven, singing John Lennon's "Imagine" to beat 15/16-year-olds.[48][49] In the fall of 1990, Beyoncé enrolled in Parker Elementary School, a music magnet school in Houston, where she performed with the school's choir.[50] She also attended the High School for the Performing and Visual Arts[51] and later Alief Elsik High School.[27][52] Beyoncé was also a member of the choir at St. John's United Methodist Church where she sang her first solo and was a soloist for two years.[44][53]
Career
Career beginnings
When Beyoncé was eight, she met LaTavia Roberson at an audition for an all-girl entertainment group.[54] They were placed into a group called Girl's Tyme with three other girls, and rapped and danced on the talent show circuit in Houston.[55] After seeing the group, R&B producer Arne Frager brought them to his Northern California studio and placed them in Star Search, the largest talent show on national TV at the time. Girl's Tyme failed to win, and Beyoncé later said the song they performed was not good.[56][57] In 1995, Beyoncé's father, Mathew, resigned from his job to manage the group.[58] The move reduced the family's income by half, and Beyoncé's parents were forced to sell their house and cars and move into separated apartments.[27][59]
Mathew cut the original line-up to four and the group continued performing as an opening act for other established R&B girl groups.[54] The girls auditioned before record labels and were finally signed to Elektra Records, moving to Atlanta Records briefly to work on their first recording, only to be cut by the company.[27] This put further strain on the family, and Beyoncé's parents separated. On October 5, 1995, Dwayne Wiggins's Grass Roots Entertainment signed the group. In 1996, the girls began recording their debut album under an agreement with Sony Music, the Knowles family reunited, and shortly after, the group got a contract with Columbia Records with the assistance of Columbia talent scout Teresa LaBarbera Whites.[48]
The group changed their name to Destiny's Child in 1996, based upon a passage in the Book of Isaiah.[60] In 1997, Destiny's Child released their major label debut song "Killing Time" on the soundtrack to the 1997 film Men in Black.[57] In November, the group released their debut single and first major hit, "No, No, No". They released their self-titled debut album in February 1998, which established the group as a viable act in the music industry.[54] The group released their Multi-Platinum second album The Writing's on the Wall in 1999. The record features songs such as "Bills, Bills, Bills", the group's first number-one single, "Jumpin' Jumpin'" and "Say My Name", which became their most successful song at the time, and would remain one of their signature songs. "Say My Name" won the Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals and the Best R&B Song at the 43rd Annual Grammy Awards.[54]The Writing's on the Wall sold more than eight million copies worldwide.[56] During this time, Beyoncé recorded a duet with Marc Nelson, an original member of Boyz II Men, on the song "After All Is Said and Done" for the soundtrack to the 1999 film, The Best Man, as well as "Ways To Get Cut Off", a collaboration with fellow Columbia Records signee JoJo Robinson that was later shelved.[61][62]
The remaining band members recorded "Independent Women Part I", which appeared on the soundtrack to the 2000 film Charlie's Angels. It became their best-charting single, topping the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart for eleven consecutive weeks.[54] In early 2001, while Destiny's Child was completing their third album, Beyoncé landed a major role in the MTV made-for-television film, Carmen: A Hip Hopera, starring alongside American actor Mekhi Phifer. Set in Philadelphia, the film is a modern interpretation of the 19th-century opera Carmen by French composer Georges Bizet.[63] When the third album Survivor was released in May 2001, Luckett and Roberson filed a lawsuit claiming that the songs were aimed at them.[54] The album debuted at number one on the U.S. Billboard 200, with first-week sales of 663,000 copies sold.[64] The album spawned other number-one hits, "Bootylicious" and the title track, "Survivor", the latter of which earned the group a Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals.[65] After releasing their holiday album 8 Days of Christmas in October 2001, the group announced a hiatus to further pursue solo careers.[54]
In July 2002, Beyoncé made her theatrical film debut, playing Foxxy Cleopatra alongside Mike Myers in the comedy film Austin Powers in Goldmember,[66] which spent its first weekend atop the U.S. box office and grossed $73 million.[67] Beyoncé released "Work It Out" as the lead single from its soundtrack album which entered the top ten in the UK, Norway, and Belgium.[68] In 2003, Beyoncé starred opposite Cuba Gooding Jr. in the musical comedy The Fighting Temptations as Lilly, a single mother with whom Gooding's character falls in love.[69] The film received mixed reviews from critics but grossed $30 million in the U.S.[70][71] Beyoncé released "Fighting Temptation" as the lead single from the film's soundtrack album, with Missy Elliott, MC Lyte, and Free which was also used to promote the film.[72] Another of Beyoncé's contributions to the soundtrack, "Summertime", fared better on the U.S. charts.[73]
2003–2007: Dangerously in Love, B'Day, and Dreamgirls
Beyoncé's first solo recording was a feature on Jay-Z's song "'03 Bonnie & Clyde" that was released in October 2002, peaking at number four on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart.[75] On June 14, 2003, Beyoncé premiered songs from her first solo album Dangerously in Love during her first solo concert and the pay-per-view television special, "Ford Presents Beyoncé Knowles, Friends & Family, Live From Ford's 100th Anniversary Celebration in Dearborn, Michigan".[76] The album was released on June 24, 2003, after Michelle Williams and Kelly Rowland had released their solo efforts.[77] The album sold 317,000 copies in its first week, debuted atop the Billboard 200,[78] and has since sold 11 million copies worldwide.[79]
In November 2003, she embarked on the Dangerously in Love Tour in Europe and later toured alongside Missy Elliott and Alicia Keys for the Verizon Ladies First Tour in North America.[83] On February 1, 2004, Beyoncé performed the American national anthem at Super Bowl XXXVIII, at the Reliant Stadium in Houston, Texas.[84] After the release of Dangerously in Love, Beyoncé had planned to produce a follow-up album using several of the left-over tracks. However, this was put on hold so she could concentrate on recording Destiny Fulfilled, the final studio album by Destiny's Child.[85] Released on November 15, 2004, in the U.S.[86] and peaking at number two on the Billboard 200,[87][88]Destiny Fulfilled included the singles "Lose My Breath" and "Soldier", which reached the top five on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.[89]
Destiny's Child embarked on a worldwide concert tour, Destiny Fulfilled... and Lovin' It sponsored by McDonald's Corporation,[90] and performed songs such as "No, No, No", "Survivor", "Say My Name", "Independent Women" and "Lose My Breath". In addition to renditions of the group's recorded material, they also performed songs from each singer's solo careers, including numbers from Dangerously in Love. During the last stop of their European tour, in Barcelona on June 11, 2005, Rowland announced that Destiny's Child would disband following the North American leg of the tour.[91] The group released their first compilation albumNumber 1's on October 25, 2005, in the U.S.[92] and accepted a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in March 2006.[93] The group has sold 60 million records worldwide.[94][95]
Beyoncé's second solo album B'Day was released on September 4, 2006, in the U.S., to coincide with her twenty-fifth birthday.[96] It sold 541,000 copies in its first week and debuted atop the Billboard 200, becoming Beyoncé's second consecutive number-one album in the United States.[97] The album's lead single "Déjà Vu", featuring Jay-Z, reached the top five on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.[81] The second international single "Irreplaceable" was a commercial success worldwide, reaching number one in Australia, Hungary, Ireland, New Zealand and the United States.[81][98]B'Day also produced three other singles; "Ring the Alarm",[99] "Get Me Bodied",[100] and "Green Light" (released in the United Kingdom only).[101]
Her first acting role of 2006 was in the comedy film The Pink Panther starring opposite Steve Martin,[104] grossing $158.8 million at the box office worldwide.[105] Her second film Dreamgirls, the film version of the 1981 Broadway musical[106] loosely based on The Supremes, received acclaim from critics and grossed $154 million internationally.[107][108][109] In it, she starred opposite Jennifer Hudson, Jamie Foxx, and Eddie Murphy playing a pop singer based on Diana Ross.[110] To promote the film, Beyoncé released "Listen" as the lead single from the soundtrack album.[111] In April 2007, Beyoncé embarked on The Beyoncé Experience, her first worldwide concert tour, visiting 97 venues[112] and grossed over $24 million.[c] Beyoncé conducted pre-concert food donation drives during six major stops in conjunction with her pastor at St. John's and America's Second Harvest. At the same time, B'Day was re-released with five additional songs, including her duet with Shakira "Beautiful Liar".[114]
I Am... Sasha Fierce was released in November 2008 and formally introduced Beyoncé's alter ego Sasha Fierce.[115] It was met with mixed reviews from critics,[116] but sold 482,000 copies in its first week, debuting atop the Billboard 200, and giving Beyoncé her third consecutive number-one album in the U.S.[117] The album featured her fourth UK number-one single "If I Were a Boy" and her fifth U.S. number-one song "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)".[118] "Halo" achieved the accomplishment of becoming her longest-running Hot 100 single in her career,[119] "Halo"'s success in the U.S. helped Beyoncé attain more top-ten singles on the list than any other woman during the 2000s.[120]
The music video for "Single Ladies" has been parodied and imitated around the world, spawning the "first major dance craze" of the Internet age according to the Toronto Star.[121] At the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards, the video won three categories, including Video of the Year.[122] Its failure to win the Best Female Video category, which went to Taylor Swift's "You Belong with Me", led to Kanye West interrupting the ceremony and Beyoncé improvising a re-presentation of Swift's award during her own acceptance speech.[122] In March 2009, Beyoncé embarked on the I Am... Tour, her second headlining worldwide concert tour, consisting of 108 shows, grossing $119.5 million.[123]
Beyoncé further expanded her acting career, starring as blues singer Etta James in the 2008 musical biopic Cadillac Records. Her performance in the film received praise from critics,[124] and she garnered several nominations for her portrayal of James, including a Satellite Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress, and an NAACP Image Award nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actress.[125][126] Beyoncé donated her entire salary from the film to Phoenix House, an organization of rehabilitation centers for heroin addicts around the country.[127] Beyoncé starred opposite Ali Larter and Idris Elba in the thriller, Obsessed. She played Sharon Charles, a mother and wife whose family is threatened by her husband's stalker. The film received negative reviews from critics,[128] and did well at the U.S. box office, grossing $68 million – $60 million more than Cadillac Records[129] – on a budget of $20 million.[130]
At the 52nd Annual Grammy Awards, Beyoncé received ten nominations, tying with Lauryn Hill for most Grammy nominations in a single year by a female artist.[131] Beyoncé went on to win six of those nominations, breaking a record she previously tied in 2004 for the most Grammy awards won in a single night by a female artist with six. In 2010, Beyoncé provide guest vocals on Lady Gaga's single "Telephone".[132][133] The song topped the U.S. Pop Songs chart, becoming the sixth number-one for both Beyoncé and Gaga, tying them with Mariah Carey for most number-ones since the Nielsen Top 40 airplay chart launched in 1992.[134]
Beyoncé announced a hiatus from her music career in January 2010, heeding her mother's advice, "to live life, to be inspired by things again".[135][136] During the break, she and her father parted ways as business partners.[137][138] Beyoncé's musical break lasted nine months and saw her visit multiple European cities, the Great Wall of China, the Egyptian pyramids, Australia, English music festivals and various museums and ballet performances.[135][139] "Eat, Play, Love", a cover story written by Beyoncé for Essence that detailed her 2010 career break, won her a writing award from the New York Association of Black Journalists.[140]
On June 26, 2011, she became the first solo female artist to headline the main Pyramid stage at the 2011 Glastonbury Festival in over twenty years.[141][142]The performance was lauded, with several publications noting an ascension in Knowles' capabilities as a live performer. Other publications discussed the polarized attitude of the UK music establishment in response to a Black woman performing on the same stages and to the same crowd sizes that were past reserved for legacy rock acts.[143][144] Her fourth studio album 4 was released two days prior in the U.S.[145]4 sold 310,000 copies in its first week and debuted atop the Billboard 200 chart, giving Beyoncé her fourth consecutive number-one album in the U.S. The album was preceded by two of its singles "Run the World (Girls)" and "Best Thing I Never Had".[81][132][146] The fourth single "Love on Top" spent seven consecutive weeks at number one on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, while peaking at number 20 on the Billboard Hot 100, the highest peak from the album.[147]
In late 2011, she took the stage at New York's Roseland Ballroom for four nights of special performances:[148] the 4 Intimate Nights with Beyoncé concerts saw the performance of her 4 album to a standing room only.[148] On August 1, 2011, the album was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), having shipped 1 million copies to retail stores.[149] By December 2015, it reached sales of 1.5 million copies in the U.S.[150] The album reached one billion Spotify streams on February 5, 2018, making Beyoncé the first female artist to have three of their albums surpass one billion streams on the platform.[151] In June 2012, she performed for four nights at Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall to celebrate the resort's opening, her first performances since giving birth to her daughter.[152][153]
In January 2013, Beyoncé performed the American national anthem singing along with a pre-recorded track at President Obama's second inauguration in Washington, D.C.[154][155] The following month, Beyoncé performed at the Super Bowl XLVII halftime show, held at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans.[156] The performance stands as the second most tweeted about moment in history at 268,000 tweets per minute.[157] Her feature-length documentary film, Life Is But a Dream, first aired on HBO on February 16, 2013.[158] The film was co-directed by Beyoncé herself.[159]
On December 13, 2013, Beyoncé unexpectedly released her eponymous fifth studio album on the iTunes Store without any prior announcement or promotion. The album debuted atop the Billboard 200 chart, giving Beyoncé her fifth consecutive number-one album in the U.S.[164] This made her the first woman in the chart's history to have her first five studio albums debut at number one.[165]Beyoncé received critical acclaim[166] and commercial success, selling one million digital copies worldwide in six days;[167] Musically an electro-R&B album, it concerns darker themes previously unexplored in her work, such as "bulimia, postnatal depression [and] the fears and insecurities of marriage and motherhood".[168] The single "Drunk in Love", featuring Jay-Z, peaked at number two on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.[169]
In April 2014, Beyoncé and Jay-Z officially announced their On the Run Tour. It served as the couple's first co-headlining stadium tour together.[175] On August 24, 2014, she received the Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award at the 2014 MTV Video Music Awards. Beyoncé also won home three competitive awards: Best Video with a Social Message and Best Cinematography for "Pretty Hurts", as well as best collaboration for "Drunk in Love".[176] In November, Forbes reported that Beyoncé was the top-earning woman in music for the second year in a row – earning $115 million in the year, more than double her earnings in 2013.[177]
2015–2017: Lemonade and Formation World Tour
Beyoncé released "Formation" in on February 6, 2016, and performed it live for the first time during the NFLSuper Bowl 50 halftime show. The appearance was considered controversial as it appeared to reference the 50th anniversary of the Black Panther Party and the NFL forbids political statements in its performances.[178][179][180] Immediately following the performance, Beyoncé announced The Formation World Tour, which highlighted stops in both North America and Europe.[181][182] It marked the first ever all-stadium tour by a female artist and ended on October 7, with Beyoncé bringing out her husband Jay-Z, Kendrick Lamar, and Serena Williams for the last show.[183] The tour went on to win Tour of the Year at the 44th American Music Awards.[184]
Beyoncé performing during The Formation World Tour in 2016. The tour grossed $256 million from 49 sold-out shows.
In April 2016, Beyoncé released a teaser clip for a project called Lemonade. A one-hour film which aired on HBO on April 23, a corresponding album with the same title was released on the same day exclusively on Tidal.[185]Lemonade debuted at number one on the U.S. Billboard 200, making Beyoncé the first act in Billboard history to have their first six studio albums debut atop the chart; she broke a record previously tied with DMX in 2013.[186] With all 12 tracks of Lemonade debuting on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, Beyoncé also became the first female act to chart 12 or more songs at the same time.[187]Lemonade was streamed 115 million times through Tidal, setting a record for the most-streamed album in a single week by a female artist in history.[188] It was 2016's third highest-selling album in the U.S. with 1.554 million copies sold in that time period within the country[189] as well as the best-selling album worldwide with global sales of 2.5 million throughout the year.[190]
Lemonade became the most critically acclaimed work of her career.[191] Several music publications included the album among the best of 2016, including Rolling Stone, which listed Lemonade at number one.[192] The album's visuals were nominated in 11 categories at the 2016 MTV Video Music Awards, the most ever received by Beyoncé in a single year, and went on to win 8 awards, including Video of the Year for "Formation".[193][194] The eight wins made Beyoncé the most-awarded artist in the history of the VMAs (24), surpassing Madonna (20).[195] Beyoncé occupied the sixth place for Time magazine's 2016 Person of the Year.[196]
In January 2017, it was announced that Beyoncé would headline the Coachella Music and Arts Festival. This would have made Beyoncé only the second female headliner of the festival since it was founded in 1999.[197] It was later announced on February 23, 2017, that Beyoncé would no longer be able to perform at the festival due to doctor's concerns regarding her pregnancy. The festival owners announced that she would instead headline the 2018 festival.[198] Upon the announcement of Beyoncé's departure from the festival lineup, ticket prices dropped by 12%.[199] At the 59th Grammy Awards in February 2017, Lemonade led the nominations with nine, including Album, Record, and Song of the Year for Lemonade and "Formation" respectively.[200] and ultimately won two, Best Urban Contemporary Album for Lemonade and Best Music Video for "Formation".[201]
In September 2017, Beyoncé collaborated with J Balvin and Willy William, to release a remix of the song "Mi Gente". Beyoncé donated all proceeds from the song to hurricane charities for those affected by Hurricane Harvey and Hurricane Irma in Texas, Mexico, Puerto Rico, and other Caribbean Islands.[202] On November 10, Eminem released "Walk on Water" featuring Beyoncé as the lead single from his album Revival. On November 30, Ed Sheeran announced that Beyoncé would feature on the remix to his song "Perfect".[203] "Perfect Duet" was released on December 1, 2017. The song reached number-one in the United States, becoming Beyoncé's sixth song of her solo career to do so.[204]
2018–2021: Everything Is Love and The Lion King
On January 4, 2018, the music video of Beyoncé and Jay-Z's 4:44 collaboration, "Family Feud" was released.[205] It was directed by Ava DuVernay. On March 1, 2018, DJ Khaled released "Top Off" as the first single from his forthcoming album Father of Asahd featuring Beyoncé, husband Jay-Z, and Future.[206] On March 5, 2018, a joint tour with Knowles's husband Jay-Z, was leaked on Facebook.[207] Information about the tour was later taken down. The couple announced the joint tour officially as On the Run II Tour on March 12[208] and simultaneously released a trailer for the tour on YouTube.[209]
On April 14, 2018, Beyoncé played the first of two weekends as the headlining act of the Coachella Music Festival. Her performance of April 14, attended by 125,000 festival-goers, was immediately praised, with multiple media outlets describing it as historic. The performance became the most-tweeted-about performance of weekend one, as well as the most-watched live Coachella performance and the most-watched live performance on YouTube of all time. The show paid tribute to black culture, specifically historically black colleges and universities and featured a live band with over 100 dancers. Destiny's Child also reunited during the show.[210][211]
On June 6, 2018, Beyoncé and husband Jay-Z kicked-off the On the Run II Tour in Cardiff, United Kingdom. Ten days later, at their final London performance, the pair unveiled Everything Is Love, their joint studio album, credited under the name The Carters, and initially available exclusively on Tidal. The pair also released the video for the album's lead single, "Apeshit", on Beyoncé's official YouTube channel.[212][213]Everything Is Love received generally positive reviews,[214] and debuted at number two on the U.S. Billboard 200, with 123,000 album-equivalent units, of which 70,000 were pure album sales.[215] On December 2, 2018, Beyoncé alongside Jay-Z headlined the Global Citizen Festival: Mandela 100 which was held at FNB Stadium in Johannesburg, South Africa.[216] Their 2-hour performance had concepts similar to the On the Run II Tour and Beyoncé was praised for her outfits, which paid tribute to Africa's diversity.[217]
Beyoncé called The Lion King: The Gift a "sonic cinema". She stated that the album is influenced by everything from R&B, pop, hip hop, gqom and Afro Beat.[225][227] The songs were produced by African producers, which Beyoncé said was because "authenticity and heart were important to [her]", since the film is set in Africa.[225] In September of the same year, a documentary chronicling the development, production and early music video filming of The Lion King: The Gift entitled "Beyoncé Presents: Making The Gift" was aired on ABC.[228]
On March 27, 2022, Beyoncé performed "Be Alive" at the 94th Academy Awards. Choreographed by friend and past collaborator Fatima Robinson, Beyoncé was applauded for choosing to perform on the Compton tennis courts Venus and Serena Williams practiced on in their childhood instead of at the venue.[238][239]
On June 9, 2022, Beyoncé removed her profile pictures across various social media platforms, causing speculation that she would be releasing new music.[240] Days later, Beyoncé caused further speculation via her nonprofit BeyGood's Twitter account hinting at her upcoming seventh studio album.[241] On June 15, 2022, Beyoncé officially announced her seventh studio album, titled Renaissance.[242] The lead single of Renaissance, "Break My Soul", was released on June 20, 2022.[243] The album was released on July 29, 2022.[244][245] "Break My Soul" became Beyoncé's 20th top ten single on the Billboard Hot 100, which made her join Paul McCartney and Michael Jackson as the only artists in Hot 100 history to achieve at least twenty top tens as a solo artist and ten as a member of a group.[246]
As Renaissance was released, Beyoncé announced that the album was the first installment of a trilogy she conceived and recorded over three years during the COVID-19 pandemic. A time she found to be her "most creative [period]."[247][242] The three recorded projects are designated into acts under Roman numerals.[248] Upon release, Renaissance received universal acclaim from critics.[249]Renaissance debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 chart, making her the first female artist to have her first seven studio albums debut at number one in the United States.[250] "Break My Soul" concurrently rose to number-one on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming the twelfth song to do so across her career discography.[251]
The song "Heated", which was co-written with Canadian rapper Drake, originally included the lyrics "Spazzin' on that ass / spazz on that ass". Critics, including a number of disability charities and activists, argued that the word "spaz" represented a derogatory term for spastic diplegia, a form of cerebral palsy. In response, in August 2022, a representative for Beyoncé issued a statement and explained that "The word, not used intentionally in a harmful way, will be replaced".[252][253]
On January 21, 2023, Beyoncé performed in Dubai at a private show.[254] The performance, which was her first full concert in more than four years, was delivered to an audience of influencers and journalists.[255] Beyoncé was reportedly paid $24 million to perform.[256] Beyoncé faced criticism for her decision to perform in the United Arab Emirates where homosexuality is illegal.[256][255][257] On February 1, Beyoncé announced the Renaissance World Tour with dates in North America and Europe,[258] becoming for a short-span, the highest-grossing tour by a female artist.[259] On July 28, Beyoncé appeared on "Delresto (Echoes)", the second single from rapper Travis Scott's album Utopia, eventually becoming her 100th career appearance on the Billboard Hot 100 chart (encompassing Destiny's Child, her solo career, and musical duo The Carters).[260] On November 30, 2023, Beyoncé released documentary concert film Renaissance: A Film by Beyoncé written, directed, and produced by her in collaboration with film distributor AMC Theatres. The film chronicles the development and execution of Beyoncé's Renaissance World Tour, and contained new song "My House" in the end credits.[261]
In July 2024, NBC released two promotional commercials featuring Beyoncé for their coverage of the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, France.[267] Set to Cowboy Carter songs "Ya Ya" and "Just For Fun", she introduced the entire USA Olympic Team and Gold-medal gymnast Simone Biles, respectively.[268][269] On August 20, Beyoncé announced SirDavis, a whiskey in collaboration with Moët Hennessy developed for years prior and co-founded with master distiller Dr. Bill Lumsden.[270] In October 2024, Levi's launched a four-part global campaign with Beyoncé titled "Reiimagine" that will stretch into 2025 and focus on women's history of the company, using Cowboy Carter track "Levii's Jeans".[271] The first commercial starring Beyoncé amassed 2.4 billion impressions in under a month.[272]
Artistry
Voice and musical style
With "Single Ladies", clearly I'd just gotten married, and people want to get married every day – then there was the whole Justin Timberlake thing [recreating the video] on Saturday Night Live, and it was also the year YouTube blew up. With "Irreplaceable", the aggressive lyrics, the acoustic guitar, and the 808 drum machine – those things don't typically go together, and it sounded fresh. "Crazy in Love" was another one of those classic moments in pop culture that none of us expected. I asked Jay to get on the song the night before I had to turn my album in – thank God he did. It still never gets old, no matter how many times I sing it.
Critics have described Beyoncé's voice as being mezzo-soprano.[274][275]Jody Rosen highlights her tone and timbre as particularly distinctive, describing her voice as "one of the most compelling instruments in popular music".[276] Her vocal abilities mean she is identified as the centerpiece of Destiny's Child.[277] Jon Pareles of The New York Times commented that her voice is "velvety yet tart, with an insistent flutter and reserves of soul belting".[278] Rosen notes that the hip hop era highly influenced Beyoncé's unique rhythmic vocal style, but also finds her quite traditionalist in her use of balladry, gospel and falsetto.[276]
Other critics praise her range and power, with Chris Richards of The Washington Post saying she was "capable of punctuating any beat with goose-bump-inducing whispers or full-bore diva-roars."[279] On the 2023 Rolling Stone's list of the 200 Greatest Singers of all time, Beyoncé ranked at number 8, with the publication noting that "in [her] voice lies the entire history of Black music".[280]
Beyoncé's music is generally R&B,[281][282]pop[281][283] and hip hop[284] but she also incorporates soul and funk into her songs. 4 demonstrated Beyoncé's exploration of 1990s-style R&B, as well as further use of soul and hip hop than compared to previous releases.[273] While she almost exclusively releases English songs, Beyoncé recorded several Spanish songs for Irreemplazable (re-recordings of songs from B'Day for a Spanish-language audience), and the re-release of B'Day. To record these, Beyoncé was coached phonetically by American record producer Rudy Perez.[285]
Songwriting
Beyoncé has received co-writing credits for most of her songs.[286] Her early songs with Destiny's Child were personally driven and female-empowerment themed compositions like "Independent Women" and "Survivor", but after the start of her relationship with Jay-Z, she transitioned to more man-tending anthems such as "Cater 2 U".[287]
Beyoncé's songwriting process is also known for combining parts of different tracks, resulting in alteration of song structures. Sia, who co-wrote "Pretty Hurts", called Beyoncé "very Frankenstein when she comes to songs";[288]Diana Gordon, who co-wrote "Don't Hurt Yourself" called her a "scientist of songs";[289]Caroline Polachek who co-wrote "No Angel", called her a "genius writer and producer for this reason. She's so good at seeing connections."[290]
In 2001, she became the first Black woman and second female lyricist to win the Pop Songwriter of the Year award at the ASCAP Pop Music Awards.[27][291] Beyoncé was the third woman to have writing credits on three number-one songs ("Irreplaceable", "Grillz" and "Check on It") in the same year, after Carole King in 1971 and Mariah Carey in 1991. She is tied with American lyricist Diane Warren at third with nine songwriting credits on number-one singles.[292] The latter wrote her song "I Was Here" for 4, which was motivated by the September 11 attacks.[293] In May 2011, Billboard magazine listed Beyoncé at number 17 on their list of the Top 20 Hot 100 Songwriters for having co-written eight singles that hit number one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. She was one of only three women on that list, along with Alicia Keys and Taylor Swift.[294]
Beyoncé has received criticism, including from journalists and musicians, for the extensive writing credits on her songs.[286] The controversy surrounding her songwriting credits began with interviews in which she attributed herself as the songwriter for songs in which she was a co-writer[295] or for which her contributions were marginal.[286] In a cover story for Vanity Fair in 2005, she claimed to have "written" several number-one songs for Destiny's Child, contrary to the credits, which list her as a co-writer among others.[295] During a 2007 interview with Barbara Walters, she claimed to have conceived the musical idea for the Destiny's Child song "Bootylicious",[296] which provoked the song's producer Rob Fusari to call her father and then-manager Mathew Knowles in protest over the claim. In 2010, Fusari told Billboard: "[Knowles] explained to me, in a nice way, he said, 'People don't want to hear about Rob Fusari, producer from Livingston, N.J. No offense, but that's not what sells records. What sells records is people believing that the artist is everything.'"[297] However, in an interview for Entertainment Weekly in 2016, Fusari said Beyoncé "had the 'Bootylicious' concept in her head. That was totally her. She knew what she wanted to say. It was very urban pop angle that they were taking on the record."[298]
Production
I am really passionate about all of the steps [during] the production [...] I love to stack vocals, and I love to create my own little Oreo with arrangements, sometimes it can be thousands of vocals [and then] I go back and then kind of piece things together, because usually the songs are way too long [...] I go back and edit the structure of the song. [I] make sure that [...] every section has an intention, so that takes months. [...] I hear certain elements of things that go with things that are opposites. I am rarely happy with one track, it's usually four or five things put together that again don't really go together. I am so excited when I'm able to adjust the tempo and key and mute certain elements that don't complement and put opposites together. Sometimes it's just like the EQ of a synth or the warmth of a bass or the distortion of a bass that's on a different song and I can hear like, 'Ah! That's exactly what is missing to make the track full and complete!'
— Beyoncé in pre-recorded audio speech at 'Club Renaissance' 2022 party.[299]
Beyoncé's collaborators frequently mention her talent and involvement in the record production of her songs,[300][301] sometimes describing her as a genius in the skill.[302] She is known to have favorite saturation and distortionplug‑ins, intentionality about stereo imaging and concentration on individual elements of her songs as a "focal point" in production.[303]
Beyoncé names Michael Jackson as her major musical influence.[304][305] Aged five, Beyoncé attended her first ever concert where Jackson performed and she claims to have realized her purpose.[306] When she presented him with a tribute award at the World Music Awards in 2006, Beyoncé said, "if it wasn't for Michael Jackson, I would never ever have performed."[307] Beyoncé was heavily influenced by Tina Turner, and once said "Tina Turner is someone that I admire, because she made her strength feminine and sexy".[308][309]
The feminism and female empowerment themes on Beyoncé's second solo album B'Day were inspired by her role in Dreamgirls[327] and by singer Josephine Baker.[328] Beyoncé paid homage to Baker by performing "Déjà Vu" at the 2006 Fashion Rocks concert wearing Baker's trademark mini-hula skirt embellished with fake bananas.[329] Beyoncé's third solo album, I Am... Sasha Fierce, was inspired by Jay-Z and especially by Etta James, whose "boldness" inspired Beyoncé to explore other musical genres and styles.[330] Her fourth solo album, 4, was inspired by Fela Kuti, 1990s R&B, Earth, Wind & Fire, DeBarge, Lionel Richie, Teena Marie, The Jackson 5, New Edition, Adele, Florence and the Machine, and Prince.[273]
Beyoncé has stated that she is personally inspired by Michelle Obama (the 44th First Lady of the United States), saying "she proves you can do it all",[331] and has described Oprah Winfrey as "the definition of inspiration and a strong woman."[310] She has also discussed how Jay-Z is a continuing inspiration to her, both with what she describes as his lyrical genius and in the obstacles he has overcome in his life.[332] Beyoncé has expressed admiration for the artist Jean-Michel Basquiat, posting in a letter "what I find in the work of Jean-Michel Basquiat, I search for in every day in music ... he is lyrical and raw".[333][334] Beyoncé has also cited Cher as a fashion inspiration.[335]
In 2006, Beyoncé introduced her all-female tour band Suga Mama (also the name of a song on B'Day) which includes bassists, drummers, guitarists, horn players, keyboardists and percussionists.[336] Her background singers, The Mamas, consist of Montina Cooper-Donnell, Crystal Collins and Tiffany Moniqué Riddick. They made their debut appearance at the 2006 BET Awards and re-appeared in the music videos for "Irreplaceable" and "Green Light".[285] The band have supported Beyoncé in most subsequent live performances, including her 2007 concert tour The Beyoncé Experience, I Am... Tour (2009–2010), The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour (2013–2014) and The Formation World Tour (2016).
Beyoncé has received praise for her stage presence and voice during live performances. According to Barbara Ellen of The Guardian, Beyoncé is the most in-charge female artist she's seen onstage.[337] Similarly, Alice Jones of The Independent wrote she "takes her role as entertainer so seriously she's almost too good."[338] The ex-President of Def JamL.A. Reid has described Beyoncé as the greatest entertainer alive.[339] Jim Farber of the Daily News and Stephanie Classen of The StarPhoenix both praised her strong voice and her stage presence.[340][341]
I choose to invest my time and energy only in projects that I am passionate about. Once I've committed, I give it all of me. I start with identifying my intention and making sure that I am aligned with the collaborators for the same purpose. It takes enormous patience to rock with me. My process is tedious. I review every second of footage several times and know it backwards and forwards. I find every ounce of magic and then I deconstruct it. I keep building more layers and repeat this editing process for months. I won't let up until it's undeniably reached its full potential. I believe my strength is understanding how storytelling, music, lighting, angles, fashion, art direction, history, dance, and editing work together. They are all equally important.
Beyoncé's stage outfits have been met with criticism from many countries, such as Malaysia, where she has postponed or cancelled performances due to the country's strict laws banning revealing costumes.[343]
Beyoncé has worked with numerous directors for her music videos throughout her career, including Melina Matsoukas, Jonas Åkerlund, and Jake Nava. Bill Condon, director of Beauty and the Beast, stated that the Lemonade visuals in particular served as inspiration for his film, commenting, "You look at Beyoncé's brilliant movie Lemonade, this genre is taking on so many different forms ... I do think that this very old-school break-out-into-song traditional musical is something that people understand again and really want."[344]
Alter ego
Described as being "sexy, seductive and provocative" when performing on stage, Beyoncé has said that she originally created the alter ego "Sasha Fierce" to keep that stage persona separate from who she really is. She described Sasha Fierce as being "too aggressive, too strong, too sassy [and] too sexy", stating, "I'm not like her in real life at all."[345] Sasha was conceived during the making of "Crazy in Love", and Beyoncé introduced her with the release of her 2008 album, I Am... Sasha Fierce. In February 2010, she announced in an interview with Allure magazine that she was comfortable enough with herself to no longer need Sasha Fierce.[346] However, Beyoncé announced in May 2012 that she would bring her back for her Revel Presents: Beyoncé Live shows later that month.[347]
Public image
Beyoncé at the premiere of her 2006 film Dreamgirls
Beyoncé has been described as having sex appeal, with music journalist Touré writing that since the release of Dangerously in Love, she has "become a crossover sex symbol".[348] When off stage, Beyoncé says that while she likes to dress sexily, her onstage dress "is absolutely for the stage".[349] Due to her curves and the term's catchiness, in the 2000s, the media often used the term "bootylicious" (a portmanteau of the words "booty" and "delicious") to describe Beyoncé,[350][351] the term popularized by the single of the same name by her group Destiny's Child. In 2006, it was added to the Oxford English Dictionary.[352]
In September 2010, Beyoncé made her runway modelling debut at Tom Ford's Spring/Summer 2011 fashion show.[353] She was named the "World's Most Beautiful Woman" by People[354] and the "Hottest Female Singer of All Time" by Complex in 2012.[355] In January 2013, GQ placed her on its cover, featuring her atop its "100 Sexiest Women of the 21st Century" list.[356][357]VH1 listed her at number 1 on its 100 Sexiest Artists list.[358] Several wax figures of Beyoncé are found at Madame Tussauds Wax Museums in major cities around the world.[359]
According to Italian fashion designer Roberto Cavalli, Beyoncé uses different fashion styles to work with her music while performing.[360] Her mother co-wrote a book, published in 2002, titled Destiny's Style,[361] an account of how fashion affected the trio's success.[362] The B'Day Anthology Video Album showed many instances of fashion-oriented footage, depicting classic to contemporary wardrobe styles.[363] In 2007, Beyoncé was featured on the cover of the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue, becoming the second African American woman after model and television personality Tyra Banks,[364] and People magazine recognized Beyoncé as the best-dressed celebrity.[365]
Beyoncé has been named "Queen Bey" from publications over the years. The term is a reference to the common phrase "queen bee", a term used for the leader of a group of females. The nickname also refers to the Queen bee of a beehive, with her fan base being named "BeyHive". BeyHive was previously titled "The Beyontourage", (a portmanteau of Beyoncé and entourage), but was changed after online petitions on Twitter and online news reports during competitions.[366]
In 2006, the animal rights organization People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), criticized Beyoncé for wearing and using fur in her clothing line House of Deréon.[367] Emmett Price, a professor of music at Northeastern University, wrote in 2007 that he thinks race plays a role in many criticisms of Beyoncé's image, saying white celebrities who dress similarly do not attract as many comments.[368] In 2008, the French personal care company L'Oréal was accused of whitening her skin in their Feria hair color advertisements, responding that "it is categorically untrue",[369][370] and in 2013, Beyoncé herself criticized H&M for their proposed "retouching" of promotional images of her, and according to Vogue requested that only "natural pictures be used".[371]
Beyoncé has been a vocal advocate for the Black Lives Matter movement. The release of "Formation" on February 6, 2016, saw her celebrate her Sub-Saharan Black African ancestry, with the song's music video featuring pro-black imagery and a shot of wall graffiti that says "Stop shooting us". The day after the song's release, she performed it at the 2016 Super Bowl halftime show with back up dancers dressed to represent the Black Panther Party. This incited criticism from conservative politicians and police officers, with some police boycotting Beyoncé's then upcoming Formation World Tour.[372] Beyoncé responded to the backlash by releasing tour merchandise that said "Boycott Beyoncé",[373][374][375] and later clarified her sentiment, saying: "Anyone who perceives my message as anti-police is completely mistaken. I have so much admiration and respect for officers and the families of officers who sacrifice themselves to keep us safe," Beyoncé said. "But let's be clear: I am against police brutality and injustice. Those are two separate things."[376]
Personal life
Marriage and children
Beyoncé performing on the I Am... Tour with Jay-Z, whom she married in 2008
In 2002, Beyoncé and Jay-Z collaborated on the song "'03 Bonnie & Clyde",[377] which appeared on his seventh album The Blueprint 2: The Gift & The Curse (2002).[378] Beyoncé appeared as Jay-Z's girlfriend in the music video for the song, fueling speculation about their relationship.[379] On April 4, 2008, Beyoncé and Jay-Z married without publicity.[380] As of April 2014[update], the couple had sold a combined 300 million records together.[175] They are known for their private relationship, although they have appeared to become more relaxed since 2013.[381] Both have acknowledged difficulty that arose in their marriage after Jay-Z had an affair.[382][383]
Beyoncé miscarried around 2010 or 2011, describing it as "the saddest thing" she had ever endured.[384] She returned to the studio and wrote music to cope with the loss. In April 2011, Beyoncé and Jay-Z traveled to Paris to shoot the album cover for 4, and she unexpectedly became pregnant in Paris.[385] In August, the couple attended the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards, at which Beyoncé performed "Love On Top" and ended the performance by revealing she was pregnant.[386] Her appearance helped that year's MTV Video Music Awards become the most-watched broadcast in MTV history, pulling in 12.4 million viewers;[387] the announcement was listed in Guinness World Records for "most tweets per second recorded for a single event" on Twitter,[388] receiving 8,868 tweets per second[389] and "Beyonce pregnant" was the most Googled phrase the week of August 29, 2011.[390] On January 7, 2012, Beyoncé gave birth to a daughter, Blue Ivy, at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City.[391]
Following the release of Lemonade, which included the single "Sorry", in 2016, speculations arose about Jay-Z's alleged infidelity with a mistress referred to as "Becky". Jon Pareles in The New York Times pointed out that many of the accusations were "aimed specifically and recognizably" at him.[392] Similarly, Rob Sheffield of Rolling Stone noted the lines "Suck on my balls, I've had enough" were an "unmistakable hint" that the lyrics revolve around Jay-Z.[393]
On February 1, 2017, she revealed on her Instagram account that she was expecting twins. Her announcement gained over 6.3 million likes within eight hours, breaking the world record for the most liked image on the website at the time.[394] On July 13, 2017, Beyoncé uploaded the first image of herself and the twins onto her Instagram account, confirming their birth date as a month prior, on June 13, 2017,[395] with the post becoming the second most liked on Instagram, behind her own pregnancy announcement.[396] The twins, a daughter named Rumi and a son named Sir, were born at Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center in California via caesarean section. She wrote of her pregnancy and its aftermath in the September 2018 issue of Vogue, in which she had full control of the cover, shot at Hammerwood Park by photographer Tyler Mitchell.[397][398]
The Washington Post reported in May 2015, that Beyoncé attended a major celebrity fundraiser for 2016 presidential nominee Hillary Clinton.[403] She also headlined for Clinton in a concert held the weekend before Election Day the next year. In this performance, Beyoncé and her entourage of backup dancers wore pantsuits; a clear allusion to Clinton's frequent dress-of-choice. The backup dancers also wore "I'm with her" tee shirts, the campaign slogan for Clinton. In a brief speech at this performance Beyoncé said, "I want my daughter to grow up seeing a woman lead our country and knowing that her possibilities are limitless."[404] She endorsed the bid of Beto O'Rourke during the 2018 United States Senate election in Texas.[405]
In July 2024, Beyoncé gave Vice PresidentKamala Harris permission to use Lemonade promotional single "Freedom" as the official song for her 2024 presidential campaign.[406][407] Harris subsequently launched a digital ad in support of her candidacy featuring the song.[408] In October 2024, Beyoncé, alongside her mother Tina and Kelly Rowland endorsed Harris for president at a campaign rally in her hometown of Houston.[409]
Activism
Beyoncé has conducted several fundraising and donation campaigns during her tours
In a 2013 interview with Vogue, Beyoncé stated that she considered herself to be "a modern-day feminist".[410] She would later align herself more publicly with the movement, sampling "We should all be feminists", a speech delivered by Nigerian author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie at a TEDx talk in April 2013, in her song "Flawless", released later that year.[411] The next year she performed live at the MTV Video Awards in front a giant backdrop reading "Feminist".[412] Her self-identification incited a circulation of opinions and debate about whether her feminism is aligned with older, more established feminist ideals. Annie Lennox, celebrated artist and feminist advocate, referred to Beyoncé's use of her word feminist as 'feminist lite'.[413]
Adichie responded with "her type of feminism is not mine, as it is the kind that, at the same time, gives quite a lot of space to the necessity of men."[414] Adichie expands upon what "feminist lite" means to her, referring that "more troubling is the idea, in Feminism Lite, that men are naturally superior but should be expected to 'treat women well'" and "we judge powerful women more harshly than we judge powerful men. And Feminism Lite enables this."[415]
Beyoncé responded about her intent by utilizing the definition of feminist with her platform was to "give clarity to the true meaning" behind it. She says to understand what being a feminist is, "it's very simple. It's someone who believes in equal rights for men and women." She advocated to provide equal opportunities for young boys and girls, men and women must begin to understand the double standards that remain persistent in our societies and the issue must be illuminated in effort to start making changes.[416]
She has also contributed to the Ban Bossy campaign, which uses TV and social media to encourage leadership in girls.[417] Following Beyoncé's public identification as a feminist, the sexualized nature of her performances and the fact that she championed her marriage was questioned.[418]
In December 2012, Beyoncé along with a variety of other celebrities teamed up and produced a video campaign for "Demand A Plan", a bipartisan effort by a group of 950 U.S. mayors and others[419] designed to influence the federal government into rethinking its gun control laws, following the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting.[420] Beyoncé publicly endorsed same-sex marriage on March 26, 2013, after the Supreme Court debate on California's Proposition 8.[421] She spoke against North Carolina's Public Facilities Privacy & Security Act, a bill passed (and later repealed) that discriminated against the LGBT community in public places in a statement during her concert in Raleigh as part of the Formation World Tour in 2016.[422]
She has condemned police brutality against black Americans. She and Jay-Z attended a rally in 2013 in response to the acquittal of George Zimmerman for the killing of Trayvon Martin.[423] The film for her sixth album Lemonade included the mothers of Trayvon Martin, Michael Brown and Eric Garner, holding pictures of their sons in the video for "Freedom".[424] In a 2016 interview with Elle, Beyoncé responded to the controversy surrounding her song "Formation" which was perceived to be critical of the police. She clarified, "I am against police brutality and injustice. Those are two separate things. If celebrating my roots and culture during Black History Month made anyone uncomfortable, those feelings were there long before a video and long before me".[425]
In February 2017, Beyoncé spoke out against the withdrawal of protections for transgender students in public schools by Donald Trump's presidential administration. Posting a link to the 100 Days of Kindness campaign on her Facebook page, Beyoncé voiced her support for transgender youth and joined a roster of celebrities who spoke out against Trump's decision.[426]
I started painting portraits of women [in 2002], while filming Austin Powers [...] I got hooked and wouldn't sleep. I made this special room with saris and pillows. I would light candles, play Miles Davis and Björk, and paint all night. It was very therapeutic. Whenever I finish one of my paintings, I try to figure out what it represents in my life. I'll be like, 'It's dark behind her and light in front of her, so a dark period must be coming to an end. Something light and beautiful is going to happen.'
Forbes magazine began reporting on Beyoncé's earnings in 2008, calculating that the $80 million earned between June 2007 to June 2008, for her music, tour, films and clothing line made her the world's best-paid music personality at the time, above Madonna and Celine Dion.[436][437] It placed her fourth on the Celebrity 100 list in 2009[438] and ninth on the "Most Powerful Women in the World" list in 2010.[439] The following year, the magazine placed her eighth on the "Best-Paid Celebrities Under 30" list, having earned $35 million in the past year for her clothing line and endorsement deals. In 2012, Forbes placed Beyoncé at number 16 on the Celebrity 100 list, twelve places lower than three years ago yet still having earned $40 million in the past year for her album 4, clothing line and endorsement deals.[440][441]
In 2012, Beyoncé and Jay-Z placed at number one on the "World's Highest-Paid Celebrity Couples", for collectively earning $78 million.[442] The couple made it into the previous year's Guinness World Records as the "highest-earning power couple" for collectively earning $122 million in 2009.[443] For the years 2009 to 2011, Beyoncé earned an average of $70 million per year, and earned $40 million in 2012.[444] In 2013, Beyoncé's endorsements of Pepsi and H&M made her and Jay-Z the world's first billion-dollar couple in the music industry.[445] That year, Beyoncé was published as the fourth-most-powerful celebrity in the Forbes rankings.[446]
In June 2014, Beyoncé ranked at number one on the Forbes Celebrity 100 list, earning an estimated $115 million throughout June 2013 – June 2014. This in turn was the first time she had topped the Celebrity 100 list as well as being her highest yearly earnings to date.[447] In 2016, Beyoncé ranked at number 34 on the Celebrity 100 list with earnings of $54 million. She and Jay-Z also topped the highest-paid celebrity couple list, with combined earnings of $107.5 million.[448]
Beyoncé is one of the wealthiest musical artists. As of 2018[update], Forbes calculated her net worth to be $355 million, and in June of the same year, ranked her as the 35th-highest-earning celebrity, with annual earnings of $60 million. This tied Beyoncé with Madonna as the only two female artists to earn more than $100 million within a single year twice.[449][450] As a couple, Beyoncé and Jay-Z have a combined net worth of $1.16 billion.[451] In July 2017, Billboard announced that Beyoncé was the highest-paid musician of 2016, with an estimated total of $62.1 million.[452] By December 2023, Forbes estimated Beyoncé's net worth to be $800 million.[453]
In 2023, the couple bought a house in Malibu, California, designed by the architect Tadao Ando, for $200 million. It established a record for the most expensive residence sold in the state of California.[454]
Beyoncé performing during her I Am... Tour in 2009
Beyoncé's success has led to her becoming a cultural icon and earning her the nickname "Queen Bey".[455] Constance Grady wrote for Vox, "The transformation of Beyoncé from well-liked pop star to cultural icon came in three phases, punctuated by the self-titled Beyoncé album of 2013, 2016's Lemonade, and 2018's Homecoming concert at Coachella."[456] In The New Yorker, music critic Jody Rosen described Beyoncé as "the most important and compelling popular musician of the twenty-first century ... the result, the logical end point, of a century-plus of pop."[457] She topped NPR list of the "21st Century's Most Influential Women Musicians".[458] James Clear, in his book Atomic Habits (2018), draws a parallel between Beyoncé's success and the dramatic transformations in modern society: "In the last one hundred years, we have seen the rise of the car, the airplane, the television, the personal computer, the internet, the smartphone, and Beyoncé."[459]The Observer named her Artist of the Decade (2000s) in 2009.[460]
Writing for Entertainment Weekly, Alex Suskind opined that Beyoncé was the decade's (2010s) defining pop star, stating "no one dominated music in the 2010s like Queen Bey", explaining that her "songs, album rollouts, stage presence, social justice initiatives, and disruptive public relations strategy have influenced the way we've viewed music since 2010."[461] Based on Billboard rankings of chart success and sales, Beyonce was ranked 9th on the Top R&B and Hip Hop artists of the 2010s decade chart, behind the likes of Drake, Rihanna, Chris Brown, Nicki Minaj, Post Malone, The Weeknd, Kendrick Lamar and Lil Wayne in ranks 1 through 8, respectively.[462] British publication NME also shared similar thoughts on her impact in the 2010s, including Beyoncé on their list of the "10 Artists Who Defined The Decade".[463] In 2018, Rolling Stone included her on its Millennial 100 list.[464]
Music critics have often credited Beyoncé with the invention of the staccato rap-singing style that has since dominated pop, R&B, and rap music. Lakin Starling of The Fader wrote that Beyoncé's innovative implementation of the delivery style on Destiny's Child's 1999 album The Writing's on the Wall invented a new form of R&B.[465] The staccato rap-singing style continued to be used in the music industry in the late 2010s and early 2020s; Aaron Williams of Uproxx described Beyoncé as the "primary pioneer" of the rapping style that dominates the music industry today, with many rappers implementing Beyoncé's rap-singing.[466]Michael Eric Dyson agrees, saying in 2019 that Beyoncé "changed the whole genre" and has become the "godmother" of mumble rappers, who use the staccato rap-singing cadence. Dyson added: "She doesn't get credit for the remarkable way in which she changed the musical vocabulary of contemporary art."[467]
Beyoncé has been credited with reviving the album as an art form in an era dominated by singles and streaming. This started with her 2011 album 4; while mainstream R&B artists were forgoing albums-led R&B in favor of singles-led EDM, Beyoncé aimed to place the focus back on albums as an art form and re-establish R&B as a mainstream concern.[468] This remained a focus of Beyoncé's, and in 2013, she made her eponymous album only available to purchase as a full album on iTunes, rather than being able to purchase individual tracks or consume the album via streaming. Kaitlin Menza of Marie Claire wrote that this made listeners "experience the album as one whole sonic experience, the way people used to, noting the musical and lyrical themes".[469]
Jamieson Cox for The Verge described how Beyoncé's 2013 album initiated a gradual trend of albums becoming more cohesive and self-referential, and this phenomenon reached its endpoint with Lemonade, which set "a new standard for pop storytelling at the highest possible scale".[470] Megan Carpentier of The Guardian wrote that with Lemonade, Beyoncé has "almost revived the album format" by releasing an album that can only be listened to in its entirety.[471]Myf Warhurst on Double J's "Lunch With Myf" explained that while most artists' albums consist of a few singles plus filler songs, Beyoncé "brought the album back", changing the art form of the album "to a narrative with an arc and a story and you have to listen to the entire thing to get the concept".[472]
In January 2012, research scientist Bryan Lessard named Scaptia beyonceae, a species of horse-fly found in Northern Queensland, Australia after Beyoncé due to the fly's unique golden hairs on its abdomen.[477]
In 2005, she also received APEX Award at the Trumpet Award honoring the achievements of Black African Americans. In 2007, Beyoncé received the International Artist of Excellence award by the American Music Awards. She also received Honorary Otto at the Bravo Otto. The following year, she received the Legend Award for Outstanding Contribution to the Arts at the World Music Awards[487] and Career Achievement Award at the LOS40 Music Awards. In 2010, she received the Award of Honor for Artist of the Decade at the NRJ Music Award.[488] At the 2011 Billboard Music Awards, Beyoncé received the inaugural Billboard Millennium Award.[489]
Beyoncé has won 32 Grammy Awards, both as a solo artist and member of Destiny's Child and The Carters, making her the most honored individual by the Grammys.[492][493] She is also the most nominated artist in Grammy Award history with a total of 88 nominations.[494] "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)" won Song of the Year in 2010 while "Say My Name",[54] "Crazy in Love" and "Drunk in Love" have each won Best R&B Song. Dangerously in Love, B'Day and I Am... Sasha Fierce have won Best Contemporary R&B Album, while Lemonade has won Best Urban Contemporary Album. Beyoncé set the record for the most Grammy awards won by a female artist in one night in 2010 when she won six awards, breaking the tie she previously held with Alicia Keys, Norah Jones, Alison Krauss, and Amy Winehouse, with Adele equaling this in 2012.[495]
Beyoncé has won 30 MTV Video Music Awards, making her the joint most-decorated artist in Video Music Award history.[496] She won 26 awards as a solo artist, two awards each with The Carters and Destiny's Child, making her lifetime total of 30 VMAs.[497] "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)" and "Formation" won Video of the Year in 2009 and 2016 respectively. Beyoncé tied the record set by Lady Gaga in 2010 for the most VMAs won in one night for a female artist with eight in 2016.[195] She is also the most-awarded and nominated artist in BET Award history,[498] winning 36 awards (including two with Destiny's Child) from over 80 nominations,[499] the most-awarded artist of the Soul Train Music Awards with 25 wins (21 as a soloist and four with Destiny's child),[500] and the most-decorated artist at the NAACP Image Awards with 25 wins as a solo artist and five with Destiny's Child.[501][502]
She was named on the 2016 BBC Radio 4Woman's Hour Power List as one of seven women judged to have had the biggest impact on women's lives over the past 70 years, alongside Margaret Thatcher, Barbara Castle, Helen Brook, Germaine Greer, Jayaben Desai and Bridget Jones,[512] She was named the Most Powerful Woman in Music on the same list in 2020.[513] In the same year, Billboard named her with Destiny's Child the third Greatest Music Video artists of all time, behind Madonna and Michael Jackson.[514]
In June 2021, Beyoncé won the award of "top touring artist" of the decade (2010s) at the Pollstar Awards.[515] In that same month, Beyoncé was inducted into the Black Music & Entertainment Walk of Fame as a member of the inaugural class.[516]
Business and ventures
In 2010, Beyoncé founded her own entertainment company Parkwood Entertainment which formed as an imprint based from Columbia Records, the company began as a production unit for videos and films in 2008. Parkwood Entertainment is named after a street in Houston, Texas where Beyoncé once lived.[517] With headquarters in New York City, the company serves as an umbrella for the entertainer's various brands in music, movies, videos, and fashion. The staff of Parkwood Entertainment have experiences in arts and entertainment, from filmmaking and video production to web and fashion design. In addition to departments in marketing, digital, creative, publicity, fashion design and merchandising, the company houses a state-of-the-art editing suite, where Beyoncé works on content for her worldwide tours, music videos, and television specials. Parkwood Entertainment's first production was the musical biopic Cadillac Records (2008), in which Beyoncé starred and co-produced.[518] The company has distributed Beyoncé's albums such as her self-titled fifth studio album (2013), Lemonade (2016) and The Carters, Everything is Love (2018). Beyoncé has signed other artists to Parkwood such as Chloe x Halle, who performed at Super Bowl LIII in February 2019.[519]
In February 2024, Beyoncé launched Cécred, a hair care product line developed to fit different hair textures.[262] Following its launch, she established an annual grant in collaboration with BeyGood. This is an effort to provide financial support to cosmetology students and professional hair stylists within the beauty industry.[520] A yearly $500,000 is funding cosmetology school scholarships and salon business grants across five cities chosen for their large, diverse community of hair stylists: Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles and Clementon.[d][521]
Endorsements and partnerships
Beyoncé has worked with Pepsi since 2002,[522] and in 2004 appeared in a Gladiator-themed commercial with Britney Spears, Pink, and Enrique Iglesias.[523] In 2012, Beyoncé signed a $50 million deal to endorse Pepsi.[524] The Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPINET) wrote Beyoncé an open letter asking her to reconsider the deal because of the unhealthiness of the product and to donate the proceeds to a medical organisation.[525] Nevertheless, NetBase found that Beyoncé's campaign was the most talked about endorsement in April 2013, with a 70 percent positive audience response to the commercial and print ads.[526]
Beyoncé has worked with Tommy Hilfiger for the fragrances True Star (singing a cover version of "Wishing on a Star")[527] and True Star Gold;[528] she also promoted Emporio Armani's Diamonds fragrance in 2007.[529] Beyoncé launched her first official fragrance, Heat, in 2010.[530] In February 2011, Beyoncé launched her second fragrance, Heat Rush.[531] Beyoncé's third fragrance, Pulse, was launched in September 2011.[532] In 2013, The Mrs. Carter Show Limited Edition version of Heat was released.[533] The six editions of Heat are the world's best-selling celebrity fragrance line,[533] with sales of over $400 million.[534]
The release of a video-game Starpower: Beyoncé was cancelled after Beyoncé pulled out of a $100 million deal with GateFive who alleged the cancellation meant the sacking of 70 staff and millions of pounds lost in development.[535] It was settled out of court by her lawyers in June 2013 who said that they had cancelled because GateFive had lost its financial backers.[536] Beyoncé also has had deals with American Express,[437]Nintendo DS[537] and L'Oréal since the age of 18.[538]
In March 2015, Beyoncé became a co-owner, with other artists, of the music streaming service Tidal. The service specializes in lossless audio and high definition music videos. Beyoncé's husband Jay-Z acquired the parent company of Tidal, Aspiro, in the first quarter of 2015.[539] Including Beyoncé and Jay-Z, sixteen artist stakeholders (such as Kanye West, Rihanna, Madonna, Chris Martin, Nicki Minaj and more) co-own Tidal, with the majority owning a 3% equity stake.[540] The idea of having an all artist owned streaming service was created by those involved to adapt to the increased demand for streaming within the current music industry.[541]
In November 2020, Beyoncé formed a multi-year partnership with exercise equipment and media company Peloton. The partnership was formed to celebrate homecoming season in historically black colleges and universities, providing themed workout experiences inspired by Beyoncé's 2019 Homecoming film and live album after 2020's homecoming celebrations were cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. As part of the partnership, Beyoncé and Peloton are donating free memberships to all students at 10 HBCUs, and Peloton are pursuing long-term recruiting partnerships at the HCBUs. Gwen Bethel Riley, head of music at Peloton, said: "When we had conversations with Beyoncé around how critical a social impact component was to all of us, it crystallized how important it was to embrace Homecoming as an opportunity to celebrate and create dialogue around Black culture and music, in partnership with HBCUs."[542] Upon news of the partnership, a decline in Peloton's shares reversed, and its shares rose by 8.6%.[543]
In 2021, Beyoncé and Jay-Z partnered with Tiffany & Co. for the company's "About Love" campaign. Beyoncé became the fourth woman, and first Black woman, to wear the 128.54-carat Tiffany Yellow Diamond.[544] The campaign featured a robin egg blue painting by Jean-Michel Basquiat titled Equals Pi (1982).[545] Both Beyonce and the brand faced significant backlash for the campaign, as the Tiffany Yellow Diamond, which was discovered in the Kimberley diamond mines in South Africa in 1877, is classified as a blood diamond and viewed as a symbol of British colonialism over Africa.[546][547][548]
Fashion lines
Beyoncé and her mother introduced House of Deréon, a women's fashion line, in 2005.[549] The concept is inspired by three generations of women in their family, with the name paying tribute to Beyoncé's grandmother, Agnèz Deréon, a respected seamstress.[550][551] According to Tina, the overall style of the line best reflects her and Beyoncé's taste and style. Beyoncé and her mother founded their family's company Beyond Productions, which provides the licensing and brand management for House of Deréon, and its junior collection, Deréon.[549] House of Deréon pieces were exhibited in Destiny's Child's shows and tours, during their Destiny Fulfilled era.[552][553] The collection features sportswear, denim offerings with fur, outerwear and accessories that include handbags and footwear, and are available at department and specialty stores across the U.S. and Canada.[549]
In 2005, Beyoncé teamed up with House of Brands, a shoe company, to produce a range of footwear for House of Deréon.[554] In January 2008, Starwave Mobile launched Beyoncé Fashion Diva, a "high-style" mobile game with a social networking component, featuring the House of Deréon collection.[549] In July 2009, Beyoncé and her mother launched a new junior apparel label, Sasha Fierce for Deréon, for back-to-school selling. The collection included sportswear, outerwear, handbags, footwear, eyewear, lingerie and jewelry.[555] It was available at department stores including Macy's and Dillard's, and specialty stores Jimmy Jazz and Against All Odds.[555] In May 2010, Beyoncé teamed up with clothing store C&A to launch Deréon by Beyoncé at their stores in Brazil.[556] The collection included tailored blazers with padded shoulders, little black dresses, embroidered tops and shirts and bandage dresses.[556]
In October 2014, Beyoncé signed a deal to launch an activewear line of clothing with British fashion retailer Topshop.[557][558] The 50–50 venture is called Ivy Park and was launched in April 2016. The brand's name is a nod to Beyoncé's daughter and her favorite number four (IV in Roman numerals), and also references the park where she used to run in Texas.[559] She has since bought out Topshop owner Philip Green from his 50% share after he was alleged to have sexually harassed, bullied and racially abused employees.[560] She now owns the brand herself.[561]
In April 2019, it was announced that Beyoncé would become a creative partner with Adidas and further develop her athletic brand Ivy Park with the company. Knowles will also develop new clothes and footwear for Adidas. Shares for the company rose 1.3% upon the news release.[562] In December 2019, they announced a launch date of January 18, 2020.[563] Beyoncé uploaded a teaser on her website and Instagram.[564] The collection was previewed on the upcoming Elle January 2020 issue, where Beyoncé is seen wearing several garments, accessories and footwear from the first collection.[565] In February 2023, The Wall Street Journal reported that the line was struggling financially with revenue falling by more than 50% over the past fiscal year to $40 million; well short of the company's $250 million projected forecast.[566] In March 2023, it was announced that Beyoncé and Adidas reached a mutual decision to end their partnership.[567][568]
In March 2023, Olivier Rousteing, the creative director of Balmain, announced that he and Beyoncé collaborated on a couture collection complete with sixteen looks corresponding to the sixteen tracks on her album Renaissance. This "Renaissance Couture" collection marked the first time that a Black woman oversaw the development of a collection from a Parisian couture house.[569]
In September 2024, Beyoncé partnered with Levi Strauss & Co. to remake a classic '80s 'Launderette' campaign.[570]Michelle Gass, the CEO of Levis Strauss & Co., shared insights regarding the advantages of the company's collaboration with Beyoncé, emphasizing that the advertising campaign could significantly enhance sales in the women's clothing segment.[571]
Beyoncé (center) and her mother, Tina, (left) at the opening of the Beyoncé Cosmetology Center on March 5, 2010
In 2002, Beyoncé, Kelly Rowland and Tina Knowles built the Knowles-Rowland Center for Youth, a community center in Downtown Houston. After Hurricane Katrina in 2005, Beyoncé and Rowland founded the Survivor Foundation to provide transitional housing to displaced families and provide means for new building construction, to which Beyoncé contributed an initial $250,000.[572] The foundation has since expanded to work with other charities in the city,[573] and also provided relief following Hurricane Ike three years later.[574] Beyoncé also donated $100,000 to the Gulf Coast Ike Relief Fund.[575] In 2007, Beyoncé founded the Knowles-Temenos Place Apartments, a housing complex offering living space for 43 displaced individuals. As of 2016, Beyoncé had donated $7 million for the maintenance of the complex.[576]
After starring in Cadillac Records in 2009 and learning about Phoenix House, a non-profit drug and alcohol rehabilitation organization, Beyoncé donated her full $4 million salary from the film to the organization. Beyoncé and her mother subsequently established the Beyoncé Cosmetology Center, which offers a seven-month cosmetology training course helping Phoenix House's clients gain career skills during their recovery.[577]
Beyoncé became an ambassador for the 2012 World Humanitarian Day campaign donating her song "I Was Here" and its music video, shot in the UN, to the campaign.[584][585] In 2013, it was announced that Beyoncé would work with Salma Hayek and Frida Giannini on a Gucci "Chime for Change" campaign that aims to spread female empowerment. The campaign, which aired on February 28, was set to her new music.[586] A concert for the cause took place on June 1, 2013, in London.[587] With help of the crowdfunding platform Catapult, visitors of the concert could choose between several projects promoting education of women and girls.[588][589] Beyoncé also took part in "Miss a Meal", a food-donation campaign,[590] and supported Goodwill Industries through online charity auctions at Charitybuzz that support job creation throughout Europe and the U.S.[591][592]
Beyoncé and Jay-Z secretly donated tens of thousands of dollars to bail out Black Lives Matter protesters in Baltimore and Ferguson, as well as funded infrastructure for the establishment of Black Lives Matter chapters across the U.S.[593] Before Beyoncé's Formation World Tour show in Tampa, her team held a private luncheon for more than 20 community leaders to discuss how Beyoncé could support local charitable initiatives, including pledging on the spot to fund 10 scholarships to provide students with financial aid. Tampa Sports Authority board member Thomas Scott said: "I don't know of a prior artist meeting with the community, seeing what their needs are, seeing how they can invest in the community. It says a lot to me about Beyoncé. She not only goes into a community and walks away with (money), but she also gives money back to that community."[594]
In June 2016, Beyoncé donated over $82,000 to the United Way of Genesee County to support victims of the Flint water crisis. Beyoncé additionally donated money to support 14 students in Michigan with their college expenses.[595] In August 2016, Beyoncé and Jay-Z donated $1.5 million to civil rights groups including Black Lives Matter, Hands Up United and Dream Defenders.[596] After Hurricane Matthew, Beyoncé and Jay-Z donated $15 million to the Usain Bolt Foundation to support its efforts in rebuilding homes in Haiti.[597]
During Hurricane Harvey in August 2017, Beyoncé launched BeyGOOD Houston to support those affected by the hurricane in Houston. The organization donated necessities such as cots, blankets, pillows, baby products, feminine products and wheelchairs, and funded long-term revitalization projects.[598] On September 8, Beyoncé visited Houston, where she sponsored a lunch for 400 survivors at her local church, visited the George R Brown Convention Center to discuss with people displaced by the flooding about their needs, served meals to those who lost their homes, and made a significant donation to local causes.[599][600] Beyoncé additionally donated $75,000 worth of new mattresses to survivors of the hurricane.[601] Later that month, Beyoncé released a remix of J Balvin and Willy William's "Mi Gente", with all of her proceeds being donated to disaster relief charities in Puerto Rico, Mexico, the U.S. and the Caribbean after hurricanes Harvey, Irma and Maria, and the Chiapas and Puebla earthquakes.[602]
In April 2020, Beyoncé donated $6 million to the National Alliance in Mental Health, UCLA and local community-based organizations in order to provide mental health and personal wellness services to essential workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. BeyGOOD also teamed up with local organizations to help provide resources to communities of color, including food, water, cleaning supplies, medicines and face masks.[603] The same month Beyoncé released a remix of Megan Thee Stallion's "Savage", with all proceeds benefiting Bread of Life Houston's COVID-19 relief efforts, which includes providing over 14 tons of food and supplies to 500 families and 100 senior citizens in Houston weekly.[604]
In May 2020, Beyoncé provided 1,000 free COVID-19 tests in Houston as part of her and her mother's #IDidMyPart initiative, which was established due to the disproportionate deaths in African-American communities. Additionally, 1,000 gloves, masks, hot meals, essential vitamins, grocery vouchers and household items were provided.[605] In July 2020, Beyoncé established the Black-Owned Small Business Impact Fund in partnership with the NAACP, which offers $10,000 grants to black-owned small businesses in need following the George Floyd protests.[606] All proceeds from Beyoncé's single "Black Parade" were donated to the fund.[607] In September 2020, Beyoncé announced that she had donated an additional $1 million to the fund.[608] As of December 31, 2020, the fund had given 715 grants to black-owned small businesses, amounting to $7.15 million donated.[609]
In October 2020, Beyoncé released a statement that she has been working with the Feminist Coalition to assist supporters of the End SARS movement in Nigeria, including covering medical costs for injured protestors, covering legal fees for arrested protestors, and providing food, emergency shelter, transportation and telecommunication means to those in need. Beyoncé also showed support for those fighting against other issues in Africa, such as the Anglophone Crisis in Cameroon, ShutItAllDown in Namibia, Zimbabwean Lives Matter in Zimbabwe and the Rape National Emergency in Liberia.[610] In December 2020, Beyoncé donated $500,000 to help alleviate the housing crisis in the U.S. caused by the cessation of the eviction moratorium, giving 100 $5,000 grants to individuals and families facing foreclosures and evictions.[611]
^ abDhillon, Georgina (October 3, 2012). "Beyoncé Knowles: A Creole Queen". Kreol International Magazine. Rila Publications. Archived from the original on October 16, 2021. Retrieved October 16, 2021.
^ abQuinn, Gwendolyn (September 9, 2017). "Beyoncé Teams Up With Houston Pastor to Help Harvey Survivors". NBC News. Archived from the original on August 15, 2022. Beyoncé returned home to Houston on Friday and joined the survivors of Hurricane Harvey at her home church, St. John's United Methodist Church, with Senior Pastor, Rudy Rasmus - affectionately known to the global community as Pastor Rudy ... 'I'm home, this church is my home. I was maybe nine or ten years old the first time I sat there where my daughter [Blue Ivy] is sitting. I sang my first solo here,' she said.
^Laird, Cheryl (November 11, 1990). "A Knowles family Christmas". Houston Chronicle. Archived from the original on October 27, 2021. Retrieved March 15, 2021.
^Concepcion, Mariel (October 3, 2009). "Taking It Onstage". Billboard. Vol. 121, no. 39. p. 38. ISSN0006-2510. Archived from the original on March 4, 2024. Retrieved June 8, 2013.
^"Don Omar: The Reggaeton Starts Plugs In For Digital Sales With 'IDon' And An iPhone App". Billboard. Vol. 121, no. 16. April 25, 2009. p. 41. ISSN0006-2510.
^Masterson, Lawrie (April 12, 2009). "Is Beyoncé Beyond Her Best?". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on October 27, 2021. Retrieved October 21, 2012.
^"Why Beyoncé Matters". The Journal of Music | Music News, Reviews and Opinion. Archived from the original on November 1, 2023. Retrieved October 24, 2023.
^"And The Grammy Went To ... Adele". National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States. Archived from the original on October 27, 2021. Retrieved April 30, 2013.
^Naughton, Julie (August 9, 2013). "Beyoncé Wraps Tour With Scent Success". Women's Wear Daily. Archived from the original on October 27, 2021. Retrieved October 9, 2013. (subscription required)
شارون تايلور (بالإنجليزية: Sharon Taylor) معلومات شخصية الميلاد 5 يونيو 1981 (42 سنة) فانكوفر مواطنة كندا الحياة العملية المدرسة الأم جامعة سايمون فريزر المهنة ممثلة، وممثلة أفلام، ولاعبة كاراتيه، وملاكمة كيك بوكسينغ اللغات الإنجليزية الرياضة ك
Atlas der Neederlanden Kaart van de Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden, vervaardigd door Nicolas Sanson (1600-1667) en gedrukt in Amsterdam door Covens en Mortier omstreeks 1730. Land Nederland Onderwerp Cartografie, Nederlanden Genre Verzamelaarsatlas Uitgever [Vermoedelijk Covens en Mortier] Uitgegeven ca. 1816 Pagina's 9 delen Portaal Literatuur Geografie De Atlas der Neederlanden is een verzamelatlas die in de 19de eeuw is samengesteld, vermoedelijk door de Amste...
Keuskupan Gap dan EmbrunDioecesis Vapincensis et EbrodunensisDiocèse de Gap et d'EmbrunKatolik Katedral Gap (dibangun pada 1866–1905)LokasiNegara PrancisProvinsi gerejawiMarseilleStatistikLuas5.643 km2 (2.179 sq mi)Populasi- Total- Katolik(per 2013)141.500121,300 (85.7%)InformasiDenominasiKatolik RomaGereja sui iurisGereja LatinRitusRitus RomaPendirianAbad ke-5KatedralKatedral Notre-Dame dan Santo Arnoux di GapKepemimpinan kiniPausFransiskusUskupXave...
Wereldbeker skeleton 2022/2023 Organisator Internationale Bobslee- en Skeletonfederatie (IBSF) Discipline Mannen Vrouwen Winnaars Algemeen Christopher Grotheer Tina Hermann Wedstrijden Locaties 7 7 <<< 2021/22 2023/24 >>> Portaal Wintersport De wereldbeker skeleton in het seizoen 2022/2023 liep van 24 november 2022 tot en met 17 februari 2023. De competitie werd georganiseerd door de IBSF, gelijktijdig met de wereldbeker bobsleeën. De competitie omvatte dit sei...
У Вікіпедії є статті про інших людей з таким прізвищем: див. Авдєєв. Микола Дмитрович Авдєєв Народження 6 січня 1919(1919-01-06)Семипалатинська область, РСФРРСмерть 2 вересня 1944(1944-09-02) (25 років)Поховання Парк Вічної СлавиКраїна СРСРВид збройних сил ВПС СРСРРід військ Бомба...
Андрій Грівко Андрій Грівко на гонці Тур де ФрансНародився 7 серпня 1983(1983-08-07) (40 років)м. СімферопольГромадянство УкраїнаНаціональність українецьДіяльність велогонщикЗнання мов українська і російськаВага 62Зріст 179 Медіафайли у Вікісховищі У Вікіпедії є стат...
National Basketball Association team in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma For the minor league American football team, see Oklahoma Thunder. Oklahoma City Thunder 2023–24 Oklahoma City Thunder seasonConferenceWesternDivisionNorthwestFounded1967HistorySeattle SuperSonics1967–2008Oklahoma City Thunder2008–present[1][2]ArenaPaycom CenterLocationOklahoma City, OklahomaTeam colorsThunder blue, sunset, yellow, navy blue[3][4][5] Main spo...
Queen of the Romans Beatrice of FalkenburgThe stained-glass window depicting Beatrice as benefactress to the Franciscans is the only surviving portrait of her. It is now part of the Burrell Collection.Queen of the RomansTenure16 June 1269 – 2 April 1272Bornc. 1254Died17 October 1277 (aged 23)Oxford, EnglandBurialGreyfriars, OxfordSpouseRichard of CornwallHouseClevesFatherTheodoric II, Lord of ValkenburgMotherBertha of Limburg Beatrice of Falkenburg (c. 1254 – 17 October 1277),...
Psychosocial theory of aging For the anthropological theory, see Multiregional origin of modern humans. For nationalist continuity theories, see Indigenism. An elderly Tibetan woman holding a prayer wheel demonstrates the continuity theory. Despite their age, older adults generally maintain the same traditions and beliefs.The continuity theory of normal aging states that older adults will usually maintain the same activities, behaviors, relationships as they did in their earlier years of life...
British-American television journalist (born 1980) Clarissa WardWard accepting a Peabody Award in 2012 for reporting from SyriaBorn (1980-01-31) January 31, 1980 (age 43)London, EnglandEducationYale University (BA)OccupationJournalistYears active2003–presentNotable creditCBS NewsSpouse Philipp von Bernstorff (m. 2016)Children3 Clarissa Ward (born January 31, 1980)[1] is a British-American television journalist who is the chief interna...
AirportNew Bight AirportIATA: TBIICAO: MYCBSummaryAirport typePublicServesNew Bight, Cat Island, BahamasElevation AMSL5 ft / 2 mCoordinates24°18′55″N 075°27′08″W / 24.31528°N 75.45222°W / 24.31528; -75.45222MapMYCBLocation in The BahamasRunways Direction Length Surface m ft 09/27 1,539 5,049 Asphalt Source: DAFIF[1][2] New Bight Airport (IATA: TBI, ICAO: MYCB) is an airport in New Bight on Cat Island in The Bahamas.[1]...
Armes de Galice. Les armes de Galice, communauté autonome au nord-ouest de l'Espagne, reconnue nation historique du royaume d'Espagne, sont décrites et régies par une loi du Parlement de Galice relative aux symboles de Galice (Lei de Símbolos de Galicia, aprobada polo Parlamento da Comunidade Autónoma o 23 de xuño de 1984) du 23 juin 1984[1]. Obligations d'usage Aux termes de la loi, l'écu de la Galice devra figurer : dans les drapeaux auxquels l'article 5 de la loi se rapporte...
This article relies excessively on references to primary sources. Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources. Find sources: List of Farm to Market Roads in Texas 3300–3399 – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Texas Farm to Market Road and Ranch to Market Road markersHighway namesInterstatesInterstate Highway X (IH-X, I-X)US HighwaysU.S. Hi...
Venezuelan journalist This name uses Spanish naming customs: the first or paternal family name is Rosales, the second or maternal family name is Guerrero, and, for married women, the optional marital name is de Guaidó. Fabiana RosalesBornFabiana Andreina Rosales Guerrero (1992-04-22) 22 April 1992 (age 31)Tovar, Mérida, VenezuelaNationalityVenezuelanEducationRafael Belloso Chacín UniversityOccupationJournalistPolitical partyPopular WillSpouseJuan Guaidó (m. 2013)Children2 F...
British politician Austin HopkinsonMP JPMember of Parliament for Mossley Personal detailsBorn(1879-06-24)24 June 1879Manchester, EnglandDied2 September 1962(1962-09-02) (aged 83)London, EnglandPolitical partyIndependent Austin Hopkinson JP (24 June 1879 – 2 September 1962) was a British industrialist and Member of Parliament (MP) who represented Mossley as an Independent from 1918 to 1929 and 1931 to 1945. He was also a noted benefactor to local causes, and a strong believer in nobless...
_(52946288505)_(slightly_cropped)_(cropped).jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
_(52946286530)_(cropped).jpg)
