In 1918, Brazil opened a consulate in Cape Town.[1] In January 1948, both nations established diplomatic relations. That same year, Brazil opened a diplomatic legation in Pretoria and South Africa opened a diplomatic legation in Rio de Janeiro. In 1948, the South African government implemented apartheid in the country. In 1971, South Africa upgraded its legation to an embassy based in Brasília. Brazil followed suit in 1974.[1]
In the 1970’s, both countries were developing nuclear technology. Both Brazil and South Africa strongly opposed the Non-Proliferation Treaty and both had ambitious nuclear technology development programs. Both nations received assistance from West Germany and were the targets of U.S. nuclear non-proliferation policies and possible sanctions. Despite their many similarities, Brazil’s fundamental opposition to South Africa’s apartheid government, and the South African Border War with Angola (a fellow Portuguese speaking nation); prevented both nations from cooperating in nuclear technology.[2] In May 1979 the government of South Africa opened a communication channel with Brazil through the Brazilian embassy in Bonn, however, political problems, such as the international sanctions against the South African government and its international partners, led West Germany to suspend nuclear cooperation with South Africa and cooperation between Brasília and Pretoria was not established due to the problematic relations between the two countries.[2] In August 1985 Brazil imposed restrictions on relations with South Africa, in repudiation of apartheid.[1]
In August 1991, one year after obtaining his freedom, Nelson Mandela, as President of the African National Congress; paid a six day visit to Brazil and met with Brazilian President Fernando Collor de Mello.[3] In 1992, Brazil began to ease sanctions against South Africa and re-appointed an ambassador to Pretoria. In 1994, all sanctions on South Africa were lifted.[1] In November 1996, Brazilian President Fernando Henrique Cardoso paid an official visit to South Africa, the first by a Brazilian head-of-government.[4] In 1998, Nelson Mandela returned to Brazil as President of South Africa.[1] There would be further high-level visits between leaders of both nations.
Both countries maintain open channels of dialogue in multilateral forums and provide constant mutual support for their candidacies in international organizations. Both nations have an intense bilateral agenda with relation to defense and security cooperation; nuclear energy cooperation; investments and access to markets.[1]
Both nations have signed a few bilateral agreements such as an Agreement in Mutual Assistance between its Customs Administrations (2008);[6] Agreement of Cooperation in Higher Education (2009);[7] Agreement to Avoid Double Taxation and Prevent Tax Evasion in relation to Income Tax (2017);[8] and an Agreement of Preferential Trade between Mercosur (which includes Brazil) and the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) (which includes South Africa) (2019).[9]
.JPG)
