Arias Navarro was a hardline politician and was involved in the White Terror, having signed thousands of death warrants during the dismantling of the Spanish Republic. Later, he was a more moderate leader during his premiership.[1]
Early life
Arias Navarro was born in Madrid on 11 December 1908. He served in the Ministry of Justice since 1929 as attorney in Málaga and Madrid.
Francoist Spain
Arias Navarro and Franco in 1975
Arias was close to the right-wing sectors and joined the Francoist side during the Spanish Civil War. He was public prosecutor in the trials set up by the Francoists in Málaga[2] after the conquest of the city. There, he earned the nickname the "Butcher of Málaga" (Carnicero de Málaga)[3] for his role in the imposition of capital punishment to true or perceived sympathizers of the Republicans,[4] In one of the harshest repressions following the Francoist victory, an estimated total of 17,000 people were summarily executed.[5][6][7]
He married María de la Luz del Valle y Menéndez, without issue.[8]
After serving in various positions, including Mayor of Madrid from 1965 to June 1973, Arias became Minister of Government (Minister of the Interior) in June 1973. After the assassination of Prime Minister (Presidente del Gobierno) Luis Carrero Blanco he was appointed his successor on 31 December 1973, a position he continued to hold after the death of Franco. Arias Navarro had the support of the Franco family, most notably Carmen Polo, and retained the post during the transition to democracy. However, the garroting of the Catalan anarchist Salvador Puig Antich in March 1974 had already shown his aversion to political liberalization, while other events, including the executions in September 1974, the organization of the Green March in November 1975 by King Hassan II of Morocco, and the illness and death of Franco (which Arias announced on television), displayed his weaknesses and further eroded his authority.
Franco's successor as head of state, King Juan Carlos I, continued his appointment, so that it was his government (which included Manuel Fraga Iribarne and José María de Areilza) that instituted the first reforms, however unwillingly. He tried to continue Franco's late policies, opposing any change. After a lengthy power struggle, Juan Carlos forced his resignation on 1 July 1976.
The next day, the King granted him the hereditary title of Marqués de Arias Navarro (English: Marquess of Arias Navarro), together with the dignity Grande de España (English: Grandee of Spain). On his death, the title of Marquess was inherited by his nephew Miguel Ángel Arias-Navarro.
Arias was succeeded by Adolfo Suárez, named general secretary of the Francoist official party Movimiento Nacional in December 1975. In June 1977, during the first free general elections held since 1936, Arias joined the Alianza Popular, a right-wing party created by Manuel Fraga. He then led the Búnker group of hard-liners opposed to any reforms, along with the leader of the Francoist party Fuerza Nueva, Blas Piñar. Arias, however, never again occupied a relevant position in the later Spanish government.
Both left and extreme right attacked him, calling him by the nickname "The Old Pusillanimous".
Ingersoll went on to add that Spain wanted Washington to support Spain in the event of war, precisely at a time when the US was renegotiating the status of its military bases, and Arias wanted Washington to support Spain's future membership of NATO.
References
^Ignacio Fontes; Manuel Ángel Menéndez: El parlamento de papel: La mirada gráfica, el enfoque literario, 2004, p. 126
^Martín, Lucas (23 July 2008). "San Rafael: la mayor fosa del país". La Opinión de Málaga (in Spanish). Editorial Prensa Ibérica. Archived from the original on 8 December 2012. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
^Díaz, Arturo (4 October 2007). "Málaga, 1937". Publico (in Spanish). Display Connectors, S.L. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
