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Dobiegniew

Dobiegniew
Christ the King church in Dobiegniew
Christ the King church in Dobiegniew
Coat of arms of Dobiegniew
Coat of arms
Dobiegniew is located in Poland
Dobiegniew
Dobiegniew
Coordinates: 52°58′N 15°45′E / 52.967°N 15.750°E / 52.967; 15.750
Country Poland
VoivodeshipLubusz
CountyStrzelce-Drezdenko
GminaDobiegniew
First mentioned1250
Town rights1298
Area
 • Total
5.69 km2 (2.20 sq mi)
Population
 (31 December 2021[1])
 • Total
3,004
 • Density530/km2 (1,400/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
66-520
Area code+48 95
Vehicle registrationFSD
National roads
Voivodeship roads
Websitehttp://www.dobiegniew.pl

Dobiegniew [dɔˈbʲɛɡɲɛf] (German: Woldenberg)[2] is a town in western Poland, in Lubusz Voivodeship, in Strzelce-Drezdenko County. As of December 2021, the town has 3,004 inhabitants.[1] It is situated on the Mierzęcka Struga River and southern shore of Wielgie Lake.

History

Former Oflag II-C German POW camp, now a museum

The area formed part of Greater Poland in Piast-ruled Poland. The settlement was mentioned in 1250, when Duke Przemysł I of Greater Poland granted it to Cistercians from Owińska.[3] In 1280 it was mentioned under the Latinized name villa Dobegneve in a document of Przemysł II of Poland.[4] It was granted town rights in 1298.

In 1333 the town's name is mentioned as „Waldinborg“. In 1373, along with the region it became part of the Czech Crown Lands, ruled by the Luxembourg dynasty. In 1402, the Luxembourgs reached an agreement with Poland in Kraków, according to which Poland was to purchase and re-incorporate the region,[5] but eventually the Luxembourgs sold it to the Teutonic Order. It was captured by joint Polish-Czech forces in 1433, during the Polish–Teutonic War (1431–1435). When another Polish-Teutonic war broke out in 1454, the Teutonic Knights sold the region to the Margraviate of Brandenburg in order to raise funds for war. The prosperity of the town came from agriculture, clothmaking and trade.[3] It was located on the trade route connecting Poznań and Szczecin, and despite its annexation from Poland, it still had strong ties with Greater Poland.[3] After the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) many Poles settled in the town, and until 1660 local merchants were exempt from tariffs in trade with Poland.[3] From the 18th century it was part of the Kingdom of Prussia and from 1871 also Germany, until 1945.

During World War II, in September 1939, the Stalag II-C German prisoner-of-war camp for some 15,000 Polish prisoners of war was established nearby (today within the town limits) with multiple forced labor detachments in the region.[6] In May 1940 it was relocated to Greifswald, and the Oflag II-C camp was established for Polish officers.[6] Today it houses the Muzeum Woldenberczyków, which is dedicated to the history of the prisoners. Poles and French POWs were subjected to forced labor in the town, with two Poles publicly executed by the Gestapo in April 1941 for talking to the French.[7] The Germans also established a prison for foreigners, mostly Poles, accused of wanting to escape from forced labor.[3] In the final stages of World War II, the town was heavily destroyed and finally captured in January 1945.[3] Subsequently, the town became again part of Poland and its historic name Dobiegniew was restored.

Transport

Dobiegniew is located at the intersection of National road 22 and Voivodeship road 160, and there is also a railway station.

Culture

The main cultural institution of the town is the Culture Center (Centrum Kultury w Dobiegniewie) with its public library and there is also a museum at the former Oflag II-C POW camp, dedicated to the Polish officers held there during World War II.

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±%
18433,379—    
18713,916+15.9%
18804,354+11.2%
18904,676+7.4%
19004,477−4.3%
19104,608+2.9%
YearPop.±%
19254,787+3.9%
19395,334+11.4%
19501,776−66.7%
19602,869+61.5%
20103,169+10.5%
Source: [8][9]

Education

Dobiegniew has an elementary school, a general education liceum and a vocational high school.

Twin towns – sister cities

See twin towns of Gmina Dobiegniew.

References

  1. ^ a b "Local Data Bank". Statistics Poland. Retrieved 2022-07-30. Data for territorial unit 0806014.
  2. ^ "Oflag II C Woldenberg 1940 – 1945: Das größte Kriegsgefangenenlager für polnische Offiziere im Zweiten Weltkrieg". dpgberlin.de (in German). Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Krzysztof Niedziałkowski, Ślad Woldenberczyków w życiu Dobiegniewa po 1945 roku (in Polish)
  4. ^ Kodeks dyplomatyczny Wielkopolski, Tom I (in Polish). Poznań: Biblioteka Kórnicka. 1877. pp. 465–466.
  5. ^ Rogalski, Leon (1846). Dzieje Krzyżaków oraz ich stosunki z Polską, Litwą i Prussami, poprzedzone rysem dziejów wojen krzyżowych. Tom II (in Polish). Warszawa. pp. 59–60.
  6. ^ a b Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 397. ISBN 978-0-253-06089-1.
  7. ^ Mnichowski, Przemysław (1983). "Zbrodnie Gestapo na polskich robotnikach przymusowych na ziemi strzelecko-krajeńskiej w latach 1941–1942". Rocznik Lubuski (in Polish). XII: 237–238.
  8. ^ Dokumentacja Geograficzna (in Polish). Vol. 3/4. Warszawa: Instytut Geografii Polskiej Akademii Nauk. 1967. p. 10.
  9. ^ Stan i struktura ludności oraz ruch naturalny w przekroju terytorialnym w 2010 r. (PDF) (in Polish). Warszawa: Główny Urząd Statystyczny. 2011. p. 60. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 November 2011.
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