Share to: share facebook share twitter share wa share telegram print page

Forever (Chris Brown song)

"Forever"
Single by Chris Brown
from the album Exclusive: The Forever Edition
ReleasedApril 29, 2008 (2008-04-29)
StudioVillage Studios (Los Angeles)
GenreDance-pop
Length4:38
Label
Songwriter(s)
Producer(s)
Chris Brown singles chronology
"Take You Down"
(2008) 		"Forever"
(2008) 		"Dreamer"
(2008)
Music video
"Forever" on YouTube

"Forever" is a song by American singer Chris Brown. Brown co-wrote the song with Andre Merritt, Rob Allen, Brian Kennedy, and Jamal "Polow da Don" Jones; the latter two are also the producers. Initially created to be used for a Doublemint commercial,[1] "Forever" was selected to be released as the lead single from the reissue version of Brown's second studio album Exclusive, titled the Forever Edition, and the fifth single overall from the album. It was first released for digital download on November 2, 2007, in a few countries, followed the next April with a retail single CD released in Europe.

The song reached number one in Ireland and New Zealand as well as peaking within the top ten in Australia, Canada, United Kingdom and United States. It also reached the top forty in Denmark, Germany and Switzerland. The accompanying music video features Brown in several scenes pursuing his love interest. The video features many dancers and digital effects. The official remix features Lil Wayne and Lupe Fiasco.

Background

The song was written by Brown and his songwriting team, the Graffiti Artists (Rob Allen and Andre Merritt). He stated that after entering the studio, Polow da Don created a beat that Brown wrote along to. Because the producer's style was "more of a European, techno, house-type feel,"[2] the group "wanted to give it that other side of crossover, and go a little bit to that pop realm".[2] "Forever" is one of four new songs Brown recorded for the re-release of his second studio album Exclusive. The song was first intended to be on Brown's following album, but decided he "wasn't ready to release a new album yet".[3]

"Forever" is an extended version of a commercial jingle for Doublemint gum, commissioned by an advertising company working for Wrigley. Brown first created the short version for the commercial, then extended and expanded it into a full song during a recording session in February 2007, which was paid for by the gum company.[1] Originally, the plan was to follow up his third single, "With You," with the Kanye West-featuring "Down," but the new material won out.[4] Although the label initially was reluctant to release "Forever" as a single, the song was so "potent and strong" that it overruled any hesitations regarding its commercial connections.[1]

Release

The song was first released for digital download on November 2, 2007, in Denmark,[5] Belgium,[6] and New Zealand,[7] and on November 6 in France.[8] The next year, it was released on April 22, 2008, in Australia,[9] Canada,[10] and Japan,[11] then on August 12, 2008, in the United States[12] and Germany.[13]

An EP featuring three remixes was released in Ireland on June 13, 2008,[14] in Australia, Austria and the Netherlands on June 16, 2008,[15][16][17] and in Japan on August 13, 2008.[18]

Composition

"Forever" is a dance-pop[19] love song that runs for 4 minutes and 38 seconds.[20] It contains influences of trance and techno,[21] as well as of Timbaland's production style, with synthesized voices over a drum machine pattern.[21] Brown performed the song using the autotune vocal effect, as he did in one of his previous singles, "Kiss Kiss".[22] According to the digital sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by EMI Music Publishing, it is written in the key of B major, with a simple chord progression of E-B-F♯-C♯m. The song maintains a tempo of 120 beats per minute in common time. Brown's vocal range spans nearly an octave and a half from B3 to G♯5.[23]

Music video

Background and synopsis

The two-day shoot took place in Los Angeles, California, at the beginning of March 2008. It was directed by Joseph Kahn. The video premiered on TRL on April 30, 2008, and on BET's 106 & Park on May 5, 2008. The video reached number one on the MTV Online Chart.[24] BET placed the song at number 55 on their Notarized: Top 100 Videos countdown. Brown's main love interest in the video is played by model Megan Abrigo.[25]

The music video starts off with Brown driving up to a nightclub, unwrapping a fresh stick of Doublemint gum, and walking inside. People are seen dancing while Brown starts to sing the first verse. Brown is also seen singing with light effects circling him. During the choruses, Brown and his background dancers start to house dance on the empty dance floor. Among the dancers are Marie Courchinoux and Rino Nakasone Razalan from Beat Freaks. In the second verse, Brown is walking outside the club following his love interest. Later he is seen performing a 540 crescent kick in front of a water fountain. During the bridge, Brown is seen in the top roof with his love interest; the girl falls off the roof and Brown jumps to catch her. The two land safely, and after the final chorus, Brown drives away from the club.[26]

Reception

According to the Billboard, the song's video is "digital dream about sharing with one who makes your world stop."[20] The video was popular in American television. The video for "Forever" debuted on BET's 106 & Park at number 10 on July 21, 2008, before finally reach number 2 and has stayed in the countdown for nine days. The video also has reached number 2 on for 8 days MTV TRL, behind Katy Perry's "I Kissed a Girl", and has stayed in the countdown for 29 days.

The video for "Forever" was also popular enough across Asia, by debuting at number 13 on MTV Asia program, "Chart Attack", which count 20 most popular video in Asia and so far has peaked at number 1 replacing Mariah Carey's "Bye Bye". "Forever" also debuted at number 7 on MTV Hip Hop Countdown; MTV Asian program which count 10 most popular urban video in the region and has reached number 1 for six consecutive weeks.[27] In UK, it has reached number 1 on MTV Base. It also has peaked at number 1 on the MTV Online Chart for several weeks.[28] The video was nominated in the "Best Dancing in a Video", "Best Choreography" and "Video of the Year" categories 2008 MTV Video Music Awards.

Critical reception

Bill Lamb of About.com gave the song four and a half stars, and said it was one of Brown's best to date.[21] Billboard stated that the single "is really a love song but bangs with electrified production from Polow Da Don to ignite dancefloors."[20] Alex Fletcher of Digital Spy gave the song two out of five stars, saying "Listening to 'Forever' is a pleasant enough experience, but this track never truly sparks into life or finds its own identity." He went on to say that, "His style is a bit hard to distinguish from Usher, Ne-Yo and the rest of the current crop of American male solo artists."[29] HotNewHipHop mentioned "Forever" as a "standout track in Chris Brown’s discography, highlighting his ability to craft timeless hits that transcend musical genres".[30]

Chart performance

"Forever" has reached number one in Ireland and New Zealand, and the top ten in Australia, Canada, the United States and the UK.[citation needed]

The song debuted at number six on the Billboard Hot Digital Songs on May 10, 2008, selling 113,072 digital downloads on its first week. Due to its high digital sales, "Forever" debuted at number nine on the Billboard Hot 100, making it the highest debut of that week along with Jesse McCartney's "Leavin'" which debuted at number fourteen; it became Brown's ninth top-ten single. The song also debuted at number nine on the Canadian Hot 100 based only on digital sales and has peaked there for 3 non-consecutive weeks, before finally jumped to number two behind Rihanna’s Disturbia. It has peaked at number two on the Billboard Hot 100 for two weeks.[31] Coincidentally, “Disturbia” was written by Brown and originally intended to be the lead single for Exclusive: Forever Edition, however “Forever” was ultimately chosen instead. In 2021 it has been certified sextuple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). It also stayed in the top ten for 15 weeks. It has sold over 3,830,000 copies as of April 2014.[32]

"Forever" began receiving airplay on pop and rhythmic radio stations across the US while urban radio stations still playing his previous single, "Take You Down". The song has finally been added to urban radio stations in the week of July 7, 2008, and made a debut at number ninety-five on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, peaking at number seventy-two. "Forever" debuted at number sixty-three on the Billboard Hot 100 Airplay, and has peaked at number-one on the Hot 100 Airplay, staying there for three weeks.[citation needed]

"Forever" has entered various Billboard charts including number one on the Hot 100 Airplay, Mainstream Top 40, Pop 100, Pop 100 Airplay, Hot Digital Songs, Hot Digital Tracks, and Hot RingMasters.[citation needed]

"Forever" also became a hit across Oceania. "Forever" debuted at number-forty on the New Zealand RIANZ Singles Chart, and in its second week ascended to number-five before reaching its peak at number-one, due to high digital sales. "Forever" has officially become Brown's eighth top ten hit in the country. It sat at number-one on the official RIANZ Singles Chart for eight weeks keeping Rihanna's "Take a Bow" from taking the top spot for five weeks. It became his fifth number one single in New Zealand, after "Run It!", "Kiss Kiss", "With You" and "No Air". It has been certified Platinum by RIANZ for sales in excess of 15,000, and was the third biggest selling single of 2008 in New Zealand. "Forever" debuted at number twenty-nine on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart, and the following week rose to number-sixteen following its physical release. "Forever" has since peaked at number seven. "Forever" has not only become the third consecutive top ten hit from Exclusive, but has also surpassed the success of "Kiss Kiss" to become the album's second most successful single.[citation needed]

The song also became successful across Europe. In the UK, the song charted on June 1, 2008, at number 17 on downloads alone. The following week it moved up to number 11, and a week later, to number 8 (still on downloads alone). "Forever" was physically released on June 16, 2008, and on the chart dated June 29, 2008, it reached its peak position at number 4, becoming Chris Brown's second highest charting solo single in the UK at the time, behind "Run It!" which peaked at number two. It has sold 209,275 copies and stayed in the top ten for six weeks, becoming his third highest-selling single there[needs update] after "With You" (221,750 copies) and "No Air" (316,630 copies). In Ireland, "Forever" debuted at number nine, and two weeks later peaked at number six. In the next week, for the issue dated June 22, "Forever" knocked Rihanna's "Take A Bow" off the top spot on the Irish Singles Chart, becoming his first number-one single in that country, and stayed at number one for two non-consecutive weeks. The song also reached number 12 on European Hot 100 Singles, becoming his third highest-charting single there.[citation needed]

In other media

  • On July 16, 2008, Comfort Fedoke and Stephen "Twitch" Boss from the US television reality program and dance competition So You Think You Can Dance danced to "Forever" as the part of the competition.[33] Quest Crew and SoReal Cru danced to this song on America's Best Dance Crew.
  • In 2009 American parody comedy movie Dance Flick, the song was used in a scene where the protagonist is in a club, and when Forever comes up he screams "This is my song!" and he starts dancing.[34]
  • On July 19, 2009, a video was uploaded on YouTube that received significant media attention, using "Forever" as the song to a wedding march. The video, known as the JK Wedding Entrance Dance video, received over 1.7 million views in its first seven days.[35][36][37] The popularity of the video caused a resurgence of the song, landing it back into the top ten singles on iTunes.[38] By July 4, 2023, the video had received 105,101,387 hits. Due to the circumstances surrounding the song in their wedding video (the Chris Brown/Rihanna incident), on their website, the couple in the video asked that donations be made to a domestic violence charity.[39]
  • On October 8, 2009, "Forever" was used in the American version of The Office at Jim and Pam's wedding as part of an homage of the aforementioned JK Wedding. Again, it caused the song to move back into the top twenty singles on iTunes.[citation needed] In 2010 it was used in another JK Wedding homage, in the Irish TV series Love/Hate.
  • On March 30, 2010, Andrew Garcia performed an acoustic cover of the song on the top 10 performance night of American Idol. He chose this as his R&B song selection. His non-acoustic full-length recording of the song was released on the iTunes Store as "Forever (American Idol Studio Version) – Single" during the season's run and was later included as part of the American Idol Season 9 album that featured the top 10 finalists.[citation needed]
  • On January 13, 2012, this song, along with "I Want to Take You Higher" by Sly & the Family Stone, "Yeah!" by Usher and "Signed, Sealed, Delivered, I'm Yours" by Stevie Wonder, was featured in the film Joyful Noise with Dolly Parton, Angela Grovey, and DeQuina Moore singing a part of it in the "Higher Medley".

Track listing

Australian CD single[40]
No.TitleProducer(s)Length
1."Forever"
4:38
2."Forever" (23 Deluxe remix)
  • Polow da Don
  • Kennedy
  • 23 Deluxe[a]
6:00
3."Forever" (Cahill Club Mix)
6:23
4."Forever" (BobbyBass & J Remy Club Mix)
7:36
UK digital single[41]
No.TitleProducer(s)Length
1."Forever"
4:38
2."Forever" (23 Deluxe remix)
  • Polow da Don
  • Kennedy
  • 23 Deluxe[a]
6:03
3."Forever" (Cahill Club Mix)
  • Polow da Don
  • Kennedy
  • Cahill[a]
6:29
4."Forever" (Ashanti Boyz remix)
  • Polow da Don
  • Kennedy
  • Ashanti Boyz[a]
4:24

Notes

  • ^[a] signifies co-producer(s)

Credits and personnel

Charts

Certifications

Certifications for "Forever"
Region Certification Certified units/sales
Australia (ARIA)[86] 5× Platinum 350,000‡
Denmark (IFPI Danmark)[87] Platinum 90,000‡
New Zealand (RMNZ)[88] Platinum 15,000*
Norway (IFPI Norway)[89] 2× Platinum 20,000*
United Kingdom (BPI)[90] Platinum 600,000‡
United States (RIAA)[91] 6× Platinum 6,000,000‡
United States (RIAA)[91]
(Mastertone) 		Gold 500,000^

* Sales figures based on certification alone.
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

References

  1. ^ a b c Ethan Smith, Julie Jargon (July 28, 2008). Chew on This: Hit Song Is a Gum Jingle. The Wall Street Journal. Accessed July 29, 2008.
  2. ^ a b Shaheem Reid, Jasmine Dotiwala (March 25, 2008). Chris Brown readies deluxe Edition Of Exclusive MTV. Accessed March 25, 2008.
  3. ^ Mitchell, Gail (December 30, 2008). "Artist Of The Year: Chris Brown". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media. Retrieved December 31, 2008.
  4. ^ Grammy After Party 08 Archived 2008-03-05 at the Wayback Machine Accessed July 11, 2008
  5. ^ "Forever — Single". iTunes. Apple Inc. Archived from the original on January 29, 2015. Retrieved July 20, 2021.
  6. ^ "Forever — Single". iTunes. Apple Inc. Archived from the original on January 30, 2015. Retrieved July 20, 2021.
  7. ^ "Forever — Single". iTunes. Apple Inc. Archived from the original on December 23, 2013. Retrieved July 20, 2021.
  8. ^ "Forever — Single". iTunes. Apple Inc. Archived from the original on January 29, 2018.
  9. ^ "Forever — Single". iTunes. Apple Inc. Archived from the original on December 11, 2009. Retrieved July 20, 2021.
  10. ^ "Forever — Single". iTunes. Apple Inc. Archived from the original on December 24, 2009. Retrieved July 20, 2021.
  11. ^ "Forever — Single". iTunes. Apple Inc. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
  12. ^ "Forever — Chris Brown". iTunes. Apple Inc. Archived from the original on November 14, 2009. Retrieved July 20, 2021.
  13. ^ "Forever — Single". iTunes. Apple Inc. Archived from the original on March 20, 2016. Retrieved July 20, 2021.
  14. ^ "Forever — EP". iTunes. Apple Inc. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
  15. ^ "Forever — EP". iTunes. Apple Inc. 16 June 2008. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
  16. ^ "Forever — EP". iTunes. Apple Inc. 16 June 2008. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
  17. ^ "Forever — EP". iTunes. Apple Inc. 16 June 2008. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
  18. ^ "Forever — EP". iTunes. Apple Inc. 16 June 2008. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
  19. ^ Ratliff, Ben (14 December 2008). "Nary a Carol in Earshot, and a Santa in Heels". New York Times. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
  20. ^ a b c Menachem, Michael. Single Reviews: Forever. Billboard. Retrieved August 13, 2008. Archived July 15, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  21. ^ a b c Chris Brown - "Forever" Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine About.com. Accessed June 19, 2008.
  22. ^ The Gerbil's Revenge: Musical Events: The New Yorker Accessed July 23, 2008
  23. ^ "Digital Sheet Music – Rihanna – Break It Off". Sony/ATV Music Publishing. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  24. ^ MTV Base MTV UK. Accessed May 11, 2008.
  25. ^ "Megan Abrigo (The Official Megan Abrigo Myspace Page) on Myspace". Myspace.com.
  26. ^ "Chris Brown - Forever". YouTube. October 25, 2009. Retrieved January 31, 2018.
  27. ^ MTV Hip Hop Countdown Chart Archived 2008-07-04 at the Wayback Machine MTV Asia. Accessed July 3, 2008.
  28. ^ MTV Base MTV UK. Accessed April 17, 2008.
  29. ^ Fletcher, Alex (June 16, 2008). "Chris Brown: 'Forever'". Digital Spy. Retrieved November 14, 2008.
  30. ^ "Chris Brown Essential Songs". HNHH. 26 June 2024.
  31. ^ Grein, Paul (November 23, 2011). "Week Ending Nov. 20, 2011. Songs: Katy Joins The Club". Chart Watch. Yahoo!.
  32. ^ Paul Grein (April 9, 2014). "Chart Watch: 'Happy' Peaked But It's Still Potent". Yahoo Music.
  33. ^ Williams, John-John (August 8, 2008). "'So You Think You Can Dance': finale details". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on December 27, 2008. Retrieved November 22, 2008.
  34. ^ "YouTube". www.youtube.com.
  35. ^ Santo, Michael (July 24, 2009). "JK Wedding Entrance Dance Becomes YouTube Sensation". HULIQ. Retrieved November 26, 2011.
  36. ^ "Unusual wedding video is a viral hit". Archived from the original on July 28, 2009.
  37. ^ Nocera, Kate (July 29, 2009). "Fun Minnesota couple Jill Peterson and Kevin Heinz dance down the aisle at their wedding". Daily News. New York.
  38. ^ "Viral wedding video gives Brown's "Forever" a boost". Archived from the original on August 2, 2009.
  39. ^ "Jill and Kevin wedding". Jkweddingdance.com. Retrieved November 26, 2011.
  40. ^ "Forever by Chris Brown". Spotify. Retrieved August 30, 2024.
  41. ^ "Forever - EP: itunes.apple.com: Music". itunes.apple.com. Archived from the original on 2012-07-03. Retrieved 23 June 2022.
  42. ^ "Chris Brown – Forever". ARIA Top 50 Singles. Retrieved August 14, 2010.
  43. ^ "Issue 965" ARIA Top 40 Urban Singles. National Library of Australia. Retrieved June 2, 2021.
  44. ^ "Chris Brown – Forever" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40. Retrieved August 14, 2010.
  45. ^ "Chris Brown – Forever" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50. Retrieved August 14, 2010.
  46. ^ "Chris Brown – Forever" (in French). Ultratop 50. Retrieved August 14, 2010.
  47. ^ "Chris Brown Chart History (Canadian Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved August 14, 2010.
  48. ^ "Chris Brown – Forever". Tracklisten. Retrieved August 14, 2010.
  49. ^ "Hits of the World: Euro Singles Sales". Billboard. Vol. 120, no. 28. July 12, 2008. p. 50.
  50. ^ "Chris Brown – Forever" (in French). Les classement single. Retrieved February 11, 2012.
  51. ^ "Chris Brown – Forever" (in German). GfK Entertainment charts.
  52. ^ "The Irish Charts – Search Results – Forever". Irish Singles Chart. Retrieved January 17, 2020.
  53. ^ "Chris Brown Chart History (Japan Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved August 14, 2010.
  54. ^ "Nederlandse Top 40 – week 32, 2008" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40.
  55. ^ "Chris Brown – Forever" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved July 14, 2020.
  56. ^ "Chris Brown – Forever". Top 40 Singles. Retrieved August 14, 2010.
  57. ^ "Official Scottish Singles Sales Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
  58. ^ "Chris Brown – Forever". Singles Top 100. Retrieved August 14, 2010.
  59. ^ "Chris Brown – Forever". Swiss Singles Chart. Retrieved August 14, 2010.
  60. ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company.
  61. ^ "Official Hip Hop and R&B Singles Chart Top 40". Official Charts Company. Retrieved March 27, 2023.
  62. ^ "Chris Brown Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved August 26, 2014.
  63. ^ "Chris Brown Chart History (Adult Pop Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved August 26, 2014.
  64. ^ "Chris Brown Chart History (Dance Mix/Show Airplay)". Billboard. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
  65. ^ "Chris Brown Chart History (Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved August 26, 2014.
  66. ^ "Chris Brown Chart History (Latin Rhythm Airplay)". Billboard. Retrieved December 16, 2023.
  67. ^ "Chris Brown Chart History (Pop Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved August 26, 2014.
  68. ^ "Chris Brown Chart History (Rhythmic)". Billboard. Retrieved August 26, 2014.
  69. ^ "ARIA Top 100 Singles for 2008". Australian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved July 14, 2020.
  70. ^ "ARIA Charts – End of Year Charts – Top 50 Urban Singles 2008". ARIA. Archived from the original on April 15, 2020. Retrieved August 31, 2018.
  71. ^ "Brazilian Top 100 Year-End 2008". Crowley Broadcast Analysis. April 3, 2018. Retrieved January 30, 2022.
  72. ^ "Canadian Hot 100 – Year-End 2008". Billboard. Retrieved July 14, 2020.
  73. ^ "Top Canada CHR/Top 40 Songs". R&R. December 12, 2008. p. 35.
  74. ^ "Year End Charts: European Hot 100 Singles". Billboard. Archived from the original on October 4, 2012. Retrieved January 10, 2022.
  75. ^ "Rádiós Top 100 – hallgatottsági adatok alapján – 2008" (in Hungarian). Mahasz. Retrieved July 14, 2020.
  76. ^ "Best of Singles 2008". IRMA. Retrieved August 16, 2020.
  77. ^ "Annual Top 50 Singles 2008". Recorded Music NZ. Retrieved November 2, 2024.
  78. ^ "End of Year Singles Chart Top 100 – 2008". Official Charts Company. Retrieved July 14, 2020.
  79. ^ "Hot 100 Songs – Year-End 2008". Billboard. Retrieved July 14, 2020.
  80. ^ "Pop Songs – Year-End 2008". Billboard. Retrieved September 23, 2019.
  81. ^ "Rhythmic Songs – Year-End 2008". Billboard. Retrieved September 23, 2019.
  82. ^ "ARIA Charts – End of Year Charts – Top 50 Urban Singles 2009". ARIA. Archived from the original on April 15, 2020. Retrieved August 31, 2018.
  83. ^ "Rádiós Top 100 – hallgatottsági adatok alapján – 2009" (in Hungarian). Mahasz. Retrieved July 14, 2020.
  84. ^ "2009 ARIA End of Decade Singles Chart". ARIA. January 2010. Retrieved January 16, 2020.
  85. ^ "The Billboard Hot 100 Singles & Tracks — Decade Year End Charts". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
  86. ^ "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2019 Singles" (PDF). Australian Recording Industry Association.
  87. ^ "Danish single certifications – Chris Brown – Forever". IFPI Danmark. Retrieved November 2, 2021.
  88. ^ "Latest Gold / Platinum Singles". Radioscope. 21 August 2011. Archived from the original on 2011-08-31.
  89. ^ "Norwegian single certifications – Chris Brown – Forever" (in Norwegian). IFPI Norway.
  90. ^ "British single certifications – Chris Brown – Forever". British Phonographic Industry.
  91. ^ a b "American single certifications – Chris Brown – Forever". Recording Industry Association of America.

Read other articles:

Papan catur

Contoh papan catur. abcdefgh8877665544332211abcdefgh Papan catur ialah jenis papan permainan yang digunakan dalam permainan catur, dan terdiri atas 64 kotak persegi (8 baris dan 8 kolum) yang disusun dalam 2 warna berselang-seling (hitam dan putih). Struktur papan catur ini mirip dengan yang digunakan pada permainan dam, meskipun biasanya berwarna merah dan hitam. Dalam komentar modern, kolomnya dilabeli huruf a sampai h dari kanan ke kiri dari sudut pandang pemain putih, dan barisnya dengan ...

 

Raise the Red Lantern

1991 film directed by Zhang Yimou This article is about the 1991 Chinese film. For the novella, see Raise the Red Lantern (novella). For other uses, see Red Lantern. Raise the Red LanternChinese theatrical release posterTraditional Chinese大紅燈籠高高掛Simplified Chinese大红灯笼高高挂Literal meaningRaise high the red lanternsHanyu PinyinDà Hóng Dēnglong Gāogāo Guà Directed byZhang YimouWritten byNi Zhen [zh]Based onRaise the Red Lantern (Wives and Concubi...

 

الاتحاد الجمركي العربي

اتحاد جمركي في العالم الاتحاد الجمركي العربي هو اتحاد جمركي أعلن عنه في جامعة الدول العربية لعام 2009 في مؤتمر القمة العربي للتنمية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية في الكويت من أجل تحقيق اتحاد جمركي بحلول عام 2015 وسوق عربية مشتركة بحلول عام 2020 وزيادة التجارة العربية البينية والاندما...

Independencia (Chile)

No debe confundirse con Independencia de Chile o Independencia comunal de Chile. Independencia Comuna De izquierda a derecha y de arriba abajo: la Plaza Chacabuco, el edificio del Instituto de Higiene, la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Chile, la Iglesia del Monasterio del Carmen Bajo de San Rafael, la Cervecería Ebner y la Iglesia del Niño Jesús de Praga. BanderaEscudo Ubicación de Independencia en SantiagoCoordenadas 33°24′53″S 70°39′52″O / -33.414622...

 

Файл:Soul (альбом).jpg

Опис Обкладинка альбому Коулмена Гокінса Soul (1958) Джерело [1] Час створення 1958 Автор зображення невідомо Ліцензія Це зображення є обкладинкою музичного альбому або синглу. Найімовірніше, авторськими правами на обкладинку володіє видавець альбому (синглу) або виконавець (ви

 

Steffi-Graf-Stadion

Steffi-Graf-Stadion Steffi-Graf-Stadion 2005 Frühere Namen Berliner Tennis-Arena Daten Ort Deutschland Berlin-Grunewald, Deutschland Koordinaten 52° 29′ 5,7″ N, 13° 15′ 28″ O52.4849113.25777Koordinaten: 52° 29′ 5,7″ N, 13° 15′ 28″ O Eröffnung 1996 Oberfläche Sand (1996–2019)Rasen (seit 2020) Kosten 20. Mio. DM Kapazität 7000 Veranstaltungen WTA Berlin Lage Steffi-Graf-Stadion (Berlin) Das Steffi-Graf-St...

Brome-Missisquoi

Brome-Missisquoi Municipio regional de condado Ubicación de Brome-Missisquoi en QuebecCoordenadas 45°08′00″N 72°48′00″O / 45.1333, -72.8Capital CowansvilleCiudad más poblada CowansvilleEntidad Municipio regional de condado • País  Canadá • Provincia  Quebec • Región Montérégie Este (Montérégie) • Sede CowansvillePrefecto Arthur FauteuxSubdivisiones 460Fundación 01.01.1983Superficie   • Total 1685.9 km² 

 

عقاب البحر الخطاف

يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (نوفمبر 2023) هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها...

 

Зенит-122

«Зенит-122» з об'єктивом «Гелиос-44М-5». Зени́т-122 — малоформатний однооб'єктивний дзеркальний фотоапарат російського виробництва з напіватоматичною установкою експозиції за допомогою заоб’єктивного TTL-експонометра. Розроблений та вироблявся на Красногорському механі

Yannick Bolloré

French businessman Yannick BolloréBorn (1980-02-01) 1 February 1980 (age 43)Paris, FranceNationalityFrenchEducationParis Dauphine University, Saint-Jean de PassyOccupation(s)Chairman and CEO, Havas Chairman of the Supervisory Board, VivendiSpouseChloé BouyguesParentVincent BolloréFamilyCyrille Bolloré Marie Bolloré Sébastien Bolloré Yannick Bolloré (born 1 February 1980) is a French businessman, currently the chairman and chief executive officer (CEO) of Havas,[1] the fif...

 

Суперкубок Англії з футболу 1922

Суперкубок Англії з футболу 1922Турнір Суперкубок Англії з футболу «Гаддерсфілд Таун» «Ліверпуль» 1 0 Дата 10 травня 1922Стадіон Олд-Траффорд, МанчестерГлядачі 20 000← 1921 1923 → Суперкубок Англії з футболу 1922 — 9-й розіграш турніру. Матч відбувся 10 травня 1922 року між чемпіон

 

Carl Gustav Fleischer

Norwegian general This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Carl Gustav Fleischer – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (October 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Carl Gustav FleischerCarl Gustav Fleischer in 1940Born(1883-12-28)28 December 1883Bjørnør Rectory, Sør-T...

Turtle Bay Exploration Park

Nature park in Redding, California This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Turtle Bay Exploration Park – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Turtle Bay Exploration ParkEstablished1997 (1997)Location844 Sundial Bridge DriveRedding, Calif...

 

4th Brigade Combat Team, 82nd Airborne Division

Beret flash of the 4th Brigade Combat Team, 82nd Airborne Division The 4th Brigade Combat Team, 82nd Airborne Division is an inactive Airborne Brigade of the United States Army. The brigade was active from 1968-1969, and from 2006-2014. The brigade conducted three rotations to Afghanistan, in 2007 and 2008, 2009 and 2010, and 2012. The brigade's two infantry battalions deployed for a fourth time in 2013-2014, and became part of other BCTs in the division upon their redeployment. History Vietn...

 

Ne-Yo: The Collection

2009 compilation album by Ne-YoNe-Yo: The CollectionCompilation album by Ne-YoReleasedSeptember 2, 2009 (Japan)Recorded2005–2008GenreR&BLabelUniversal Music JapanProducerNe-Yo, Stargate, Eric Hudson, The Heavyweights, Ron Neff-U Feemster, Chuck Harmony, J. R. RotemNe-Yo chronology Year of the Gentleman(2008) Ne-Yo: The Collection(2009) Libra Scale(2010) Ne-Yo: The Collection is the first compilation album by American singer-songwriter Ne-Yo. The album was released in Japan on Se...

Seiji Shinkai

Japanese chemist Seiji Shinkai新海 征治BornJuly 5, 1944Fukuoka PrefectureNationalityJapaneseAlma materKyushu UniversityAwardsChemical Society of Japan Award (2003)Daiwa Adrian Prize (2013)Clarivate Citation Laureates (2013)Order of the Sacred Treasure (2017)Person of Cultural Merit (2018) Seiji Shinkai (新海 征治, Shinkai Seiji, born July 5, 1944) is a Japanese chemist and professor of Kyushu University,[1][2] and emeritus professor. Early life Shinkai was born in...

 

Epigenetika

Contoh perubahan ekspresi genetika yang disebabkan mekanisme epigenetika. Kedua tikus hasil kloning ini memiliki gen yang sama dengan status metilasi DNA yang berbeda[1] Epigenetika (bahasa Inggris: epigenetics), di dalam biologi, adalah studi tentang perubahan fenotipe atau ekspresi genetika yang disebabkan oleh mekanisme selain perubahan sekuens DNA dasar. Epigenetika berasal dari bahasa Yunani, epi- yang berarti di atas atau menutupi, dan -genetika. Tidak ada perubahan pada sek...

 

Stadion Tumbe Kafe

Petar Miloševski Stadium Стадион Петар МилошевскиFull namePetar Miloševski Football StadiumFormer namesCity stadium under Tumbe Kafe Tumbe Kafe stadiumLocationGradski stadion bb, 7000 Bitola, North MacedoniaOwnerMunicipality of BitolaCapacity10,000[1]Field size100 x 65 metersSurfaceGrassConstructionOpened1937Renovated2015- (north stand)Expanded1980 (south stand)TenantsFK Pelister Petar Miloševski Stadium (Macedonian: Стадион Петар Милошевс�...

Neuquén (stad)

Neuquén Plaats in Argentinië Situering Provincie Neuquén Departement Confluencia Coördinaten 38° 57′ ZB, 68° 14′ WL Algemeen Oppervlakte 73,52 km² Inwoners (2022 (census)) 468.794 Hoogte 260 m Bevolkingsgroei 20,7% (1991-2001) Intendente Mariano Gaido (MPN) Overig Postcode(s) Q8300 Netnummer(s) 0299 Opgericht door Carlos Bouquet Roldán Opgericht 12 september 1904 Website neuquencapital.gov.ar Foto's Ruiterstandbeeld van San Martin in de hoofdstraatAvenida Argentina in Neuq...

 

Vicar

Type of priest For other uses, see Vicar (disambiguation). This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Vicar – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) A vicar (/ˈvɪkər/; Latin: vicarius) is a representative, deputy or substitute;...

 
Kembali kehalaman sebelumnya