Baby Cow Productions produced the sitcom for BBC Wales. Three series totalling twenty episodes were broadcast from 13 May 2007 to 1 January 2010 on BBC Three and later on BBC One. Broadcast on Christmas Day 2009 and New Year's Day 2010, episodes of the final series formed a significant part of the prime-time BBC seasonal programming.
Gavin & Stacey was directed by Christine Gernon, who had previously directed other BBC sitcoms such as One Foot in the Grave. Acclaimed as both a hit and a breakthrough show for the BBC, it was the most nominated show in the 2007 British Comedy Awards. It won several awards, including the British Academy Television Awards (BAFTA) Audience Award, and the British Comedy Awards Best TV Comedy Award, both in 2008. In 2019, Gavin & Stacey was named the 17th-greatest British sitcom in a poll by Radio Times.[2]
Corden and Jones wrote a Christmas Day 2019 special for BBC One. With 18.49 million viewers, the broadcast in the United Kingdom was the most-viewed non-sporting event in a decade and the most-watched comedy in 17 years.[3][4][5] One final special episode of the show will air on Christmas Day 2024 on BBC One.[6][7]
Synopsis
The story revolves around Gavin, from Billericay in Essex, and Stacey, from Barry, Vale of Glamorgan, in South Wales. Gavin lives with his parents, Pam and Mick, and spends most of his time with his best friend, Smithy. Stacey lives with her widowed mother, Gwen, and is frequently visited by her uncle, Bryn, who lives across the road, and by her best friend Nessa.
The show follows the key moments in their relationship: their first meeting, meeting each other's families, getting engaged, marrying, looking for a flat, briefly splitting up, looking for new jobs and trying for children.
The characters of Gavin and Stacey provide the emotional core of the story, focusing on the situations that arise when their relationship brings their two different families together. As a result, episodes often focus on the key events in life that bring wider families and close friends together such as weddings, christenings, birthday parties and Christmases. However, the show also presents the families interacting in deliberately non-dramatic situations, such as a visit to the beach and nights out. In these scenes, the subtle dialogue between the characters often contains underlying jokes or comedic value.
The series also follows the contrasting relationship between Smithy and Nessa. Despite their dislike for each other, they have several one-night stands, leading to Nessa becoming pregnant and having their baby. Whilst Gavin and Stacey are the clear main characters, towards the end of the show's run, the dramatic emphasis switches slightly from them, as they resolve their distance issues, to Smithy and Nessa, as Nessa becomes engaged to another man.
Other storylines in the three series include Pam's fake vegetarianism, Bryn and his nephew Jason's struggle to keep the events of their disastrous fishing trip a secret, and the ridiculously rocky marriage of Pam and Mick's friends Pete and Dawn.
The surnames of well-known English serial killers were used for some of the main characters – Harold Shipman, Fred West and Peter Sutcliffe.[8]Ruth Jones commented in 2009: "I suppose we were hoping that people wouldn't realise and then when it does come to light, it's even more delicious..."[9]
Main
Gavin Shipman (Mathew Horne) – nicknamed "Gavlar", or "Gavalar" – the enthusiastic level-headed protagonist from Billericay in Essex.
Stacey Shipman (née West) (Joanna Page) – protagonist from Barry in Wales.
Neil "Smithy" Smith (James Corden) – Gavin's oldest and closest friend, lives in Billericay. Smithy grows jealous of Gavin and Stacey's relationship, and has a complicated relationship with Nessa. He fathers her child, Neil Noel Edmund Smith.
Vanessa Shanessa "Nessa" Jenkins (Ruth Jones) – Stacey's oldest and closest friend, lives in Barry. Nessa has several celebrity connections, such as MP John Prescott, and later begins a relationship with Dave "Coaches".
Michael "Mick" Shipman (Larry Lamb) – Gavin's down-to-earth father.
Pamela Andrea "Pam" Shipman (née Gryglaszewska) (Alison Steadman) – Gavin's house-proud and over-protective mother.
Brynfor "Bryn" West (Rob Brydon) – known as "Uncle Bryn"; Stacey's protective, naïve and eccentric uncle, and Gwen's brother-in-law. Bryn's brother, Trevor, Stacey's father, died prior to the time depicted in the series, and Bryn helped the family cope. He has a difficult relationship with his nephew, Jason, due to a seemingly disturbing incident on their fishing trip. It is occasionally implied that he is attracted to men.
Gwen West (Melanie Walters) – Stacey's caring, widowed mother. She also has an elder son, Jason, who lives in Spain.
Supporting
David Lloyd Gooch, known as "Dave Coaches" (Steffan Rhodri) – local coach driver, later Nessa's fiancé. He appears in the first episode when Stacey travels to London to meet Gavin.
Dawn Sutcliffe (Julia Davis) – a close friend of Pam and Mick, who frequently has public arguments with husband Pete.
Peter "Pete" Sutcliffe (Adrian Scarborough) – a close friend of Pam and Mick, husband to Dawn, with whom he frequently has public arguments.
Doris O'Neill (Margaret John) – Gwen's next-door-neighbour and close friend. The 2019 Christmas special refers to Doris: she died aged 84 and left her house to Gavin and Stacey. Nessa is contesting the legacy through the courts.
Jason West (Robert Wilfort) – Stacey's gay older brother, who lives in Spain.
Ruth "Rudi" Smith (Sheridan Smith) – Smithy's immature, but loving, younger sister who also likes to be called "Smithy'". She works at a fast food restaurant in Billericay.
Catherina "Cath" Smith (Pam Ferris) – Smithy and Rudi's single mother, who suffers from "a mild form of narcolepsy" (which Pam thinks is a cover for a drinking problem).
Dirtbox (Andrew Knott) – a friend of Gavin and Smithy.
Dean “Deano” (Mathew Baynton) – a friend of Gavin and Smithy, who works with Smithy as a builder and appears to be very dim-witted.
Karl "Budgie" Barratt (Russell Tovey) – a friend of Gavin and Smithy.
Chinese Alan (Dominic Gaskell) – a friend of Gavin and Smithy, he enters a room with his infamous catchphrase "Did someone order a Chinese?" He got his name because he likes Chinese takeaway (despite not actually being Chinese).
Craig "Fingers" (Samuel Anderson) – a friend of Gavin and Smithy, who has an on/off relationship with Stacey's friend Louise, after they meet at the wedding and have sex in a back room.
Jesus (Daniel Curtis) – a friend of Gavin and Smithy, who Smithy insults on Gavin's stag night, claiming he had to get his T-shirt made at the last minute.
Gary Finch (Jason Gregg) and Simon – friends of Gavin and Smithy, who are never just Gary or Simon.
Swede (John Grisley) – a friend of Gavin and Smithy.
Louise Evans (Ffion Williams) – a friend of Stacey and Nessa, who has an on/off relationship with Gavin and Smithy's friend Fingers, after they meet at the wedding and have sex in a back room.
Angie (Beth Granville) – a friend of Stacey and Nessa.
Neil Jenkins (Huw Dafydd) – Nessa's father and bit part actor (he was an extra in Lark Rise to Candleford), rarely seen in Barry although it's never disclosed as to why he doesn't "show his face in Barry".
Owain Hughes (Steve Meo) – Website Manager in Gavin's new job in Cardiff. He has the confusing catchphrase: "Owain Hughes, and before you ask, no I don't."
Dick Powell (Gwynfor Roberts) – the only fully Welsh-speaking inhabitant of Barry (aside from the Welsh nationalists in the caravan park), he works on the black market selling meat.
Neil "the Baby" Noel Edmond Smith (Scarlett Humphreys;[10] 2008, Lewis Marchant; 2008, Rocco Romanello; 2009, Ewan Kennedy; 2009, Oscar Hartland; 2009, 2019) – Smithy and Nessa's son. He is named after Nessa's father and Smithy (who are both called Neil), Nessa's friend from Hear'Say (Noel Sullivan), and Smithy's grandfather Edmond. In the episode of the christening, Gavin humorously says that Neil is named after Noel Edmonds, which Smithy gets annoyed over.
Sonia (Laura Aikman) – Smithy's new girlfriend who he is thinking of proposing to.
Harri Shipman (Gabriel Mitell) – Gavin and Stacey's eldest child, who was born shortly after the third series in 2010.
Caitlin Shipman (Martha Tregonning) – Gavin and Stacey's elder daughter.
Megan Shipman (Maddison Belle Platt) – Gavin and Stacey's younger daughter.
The initial series begins with the lives of the title characters, Gavin Shipman (Mathew Horne) and Stacey West (Joanna Page). Gavin is 28 and lives at home in Billericay, Essex, with his parents, Mick (Larry Lamb) and Pam (Alison Steadman). Stacey is 26, and she also lives at home in Barry Island, Wales, with her widowed mother, Gwen (Melanie Walters), with her uncle, Bryn (Rob Brydon) living over the road. The two, along with their respective best friends Neil "Smithy" Smith (James Corden) and Nessa Jenkins (Ruth Jones), meet for the first time in central London. The night ends with Gavin and Stacey returning to a hotel room and sleeping together, as do Smithy and Nessa. Gavin and Stacey become infatuated with each other, but Smithy and Nessa are happy to forget their drunken one-night stand and make little contact with one another afterwards. In the rest of the series, Gavin and Stacey continue their long-distance relationship before becoming engaged and getting married on 6 April 2007. The series ends with Nessa going to inform Smithy that she is pregnant with his child but she changes her mind at the last minute.
Series 2 (2008)
The second series begins with the newlyweds arriving back from their honeymoon in Greece. The in-laws meet again at the Shipmans' house in Essex, where Nessa has some shocking revelations – especially for Smithy, who learns that she is pregnant with his baby, and although he makes it clear that he thoroughly dislikes the woman, he is generally civil and supportive towards her about their child. Meanwhile, Gavin and Stacey, living at Pam and Mick's house, run into trouble when Stacey struggles to find a job and becomes home-sick for Barry and her family. The couple try to overcome their problem by looking for an apartment or house in Essex, but Stacey is still dissatisfied and is considering moving back to South Wales to be with her family. In the final episode of the series, Stacey takes off her wedding ring, much to the upset of Gavin, but this is interrupted by the news of Nessa unexpectedly going into labour a month early. Pam, Mick and Stacey hurry across to Wales, whilst Gavin rushes to find Smithy with Smithy's sister, Rudi (Sheridan Smith), eventually finding him in the pub watching football. They arrive to find that Nessa has given birth to a boy, Neil. Gavin and Stacey decide to put their differences aside and are together once again.
Christmas special (2008)
An extended Christmas special involves Stacey's family, along with Nessa and her partner, Dave Coaches (Steffan Rhodri), spending Christmas with Gavin's parents. Gavin reveals that he has found a job in Cardiff, which at first causes upset for Pam and Smithy, but they both learn to accept it. Gavin later admits to Smithy that he is moving to Barry with Stacey in order to save his marriage. Smithy also gets upset when he feels that Dave, who lives with the baby, Neil, is replacing him as a father. Smithy is furthermore unhappy after Dave proposes to Nessa (with the ring enclosed in a cigarette packet) and she accepts.
Series 3 (2009–2010)
Gavin begins his new job in Wales and his parents and Smithy travel to Wales for Neil's christening. In the next episode Gavin and Stacey, and Nessa and her child Neil, spend the weekend at Pam and Mick's, and after a drunken night, it is believed that Nessa and Smithy may have once again had sex after waking up in bed together the next morning. Gavin and Stacey begin trying for a baby and Stacey is upset and disappointed when she learns that they may not be able to have children. Gavin becomes depressed and preoccupied with this issue, and in an attempt to cheer him up, Pam, Mick and Smithy arrange a surprise trip to Barry beach on a sunny bank holiday. Nessa and Dave also run into trouble after Dave learns about her alleged sexual intercourse with Smithy, but the two decide to go ahead with the wedding. In the final episode, Stacey discovers she is pregnant after all, and the couple are overjoyed. Smithy shows up at Nessa and Dave's wedding ceremony with Neil, pleading for her not to marry him, and accusing her of not loving Dave. Dave, much to everyone's surprise, agrees with Smithy that Nessa does not love him, and the ceremony is called off. The series ends showing the four (Gavin, Stacey, Nessa and Smithy) six months later on Barry beachfront, with a visibly pregnant Stacey.
Christmas special (2019)
The episode is dedicated to the memory of Margaret John, who played Doris, who died in February 2011.
Eleven years have passed since Gavin and Stacey went to Billericay to spend Christmas with the Shipmans and the Wests. This year, since everyone is in Wales for the festivities, Bryn is cooking the dinner for over 13 people. Pam would secretly prefer to spend Christmas in Essex, as she finds Gwen's house a bit lacking. The deal has always been that they alternate every year, and this time it's the turn of the Wests to host Christmas. Gavin and Stacey are now parents of three children: Harri, Caitlin and Megan; but Stacey is worried that their relationship has lost the excitement of the early days. Smithy, too, continues to commit to his fatherly role, making the journey to Barry on at least alternate weekends to see a now 11-year-old Neil.
At the end, Nessa confesses to Smithy that she is in love with him, getting down on one knee to propose, leaving the programme concluding on a cliffhanger.
Christmas special (2024)
This episode is set to follow on from the events which occurred in the 2019 special[13] and is scheduled to be aired on Christmas Day, on BBC One, as the final episode of the show.[14] Filming lasted five weeks and wrapped on the 7 October 2024.[15]
Production
The idea for the show occurred to actor James Corden during a wedding reception, and he then developed the idea with co-writer Ruth Jones, whom he had met during the filming of ITV drama Fat Friends. Corden claims to have been inspired by the story of his own real life best friend Gavin, who met his wife over the phone at work, and arranged to meet. They presented it to the BBC as a one-off play entitled It's My Day, but the BBC instead asked for a full series.[16]
The roles of Gavin and Stacey were cast through an auditioning process, but were almost immediately given to Mathew Horne and Joanna Page on the strength of their chemistry together. The roles of Nessa and Smithy were written by Corden and Jones for themselves. Some roles were written with certain actors in mind: Uncle Bryn was written specifically for Rob Brydon, who had attended school with Jones; whilst Pam was written specifically for Alison Steadman, who had also worked on Fat Friends. Jones had worked with Julia Davis in her sitcom Nighty Night, and the role of Dawn was written with her in mind. Additionally, Corden had appeared with Adrian Scarborough in the Alan Bennett-penned play and film, The History Boys, which led to him being cast in the role of Pete. An audition process was used to cast the roles of Mick and Gwen, whilst the roles of Gavin's friends were given to Corden's co-stars in The History Boys.
The three series were shot largely in Cardiff (which acted as parts of Billericay) and in Barry and the surrounding area, including Dinas Powys, Sully and Penarth. The show's popularity has been credited with boosting the tourist trade to Barry and its popular seafront of Barry Island, through visitors wishing to visit the various filming locations. Gavin's house (address "23 Limetree Avenue") was set in Billericay but was actually filmed on location in Laburnum Way, Dinas Powys in Wales. The opening episode features location shooting in Leicester Square in London, which was filmed in 2006.[12][17][18]
After the debut of the show on BBC Three, a second series was soon commissioned. Speaking about the second series, Corden said, "It's the show that we wanted to make. If people like it, they like it; if they don't, they don't. That's a nice feeling, that's quite freeing... There's more of a journey and more of a story. We hope the viewers will feel like they've been taken on a little trip by it." Jones said, "Series one had a very specific storyline to it, boy meets girl and it ends in a wedding. We don't have the same type of storyline in the second series. It's now girl lives with boy's parents in Essex and the joys that might entail."[19]
There was initial uncertainty over whether a third series would be produced. In an April 2008 interview, Jones said, "We never intended to write a second series, let alone a third. We don't want it to become predictable. We will see how the Christmas special goes and take it from there." Corden added: "We will write one if we can make it better. We have to be true to ourselves."[20] Corden and Jones completed the final draft of the Christmas Special by September 2008, although they ruled out writing the third series at the time due to pressures of other work, and repeating the wish not to produce a sub-standard script.[11] After the 2008 Christmas special premiere, BBC Three aired a making-of documentary about the special, titled 12 Days of Christmas.[21]
Corden and Jones eventually announced there would be a third series produced, on 21 December 2008 just before the 2008 Christmas special aired, as Jones performed her final BBC Radio WalesSunday Brunch radio show to a live audience on Barry Island.[22][23]
In May 2019, a second Christmas special was announced by James Corden which aired on Christmas Day 2019.[24][25]
In February 2024, a third Christmas special was rumoured for Christmas 2024;[26] however, co-creator Ruth Jones dismissed the claim, stating that it was "sadly a rumour".[27] However, shortly afterwards Jones said that there were no plans "set in stone", causing confusion as to whether or not there was another special planned.[28]
On 3 May 2024, James Corden announced via his social media channels that he and Ruth Jones had completed writing the final episode of the show, which will air on Christmas Day 2024 on BBC One.[29] Jones later criticised the fact that news of the show had been leaked, saying, "James and I wanted to give everybody a nice surprise and I think it was really mean that they leaked it." Filming of the final episode began on 2 September 2024 and wrapped on 8 October.[30][31][32][33]
Awards
The show was nominated for, and won, several awards throughout its run, with two notable wins being the British Academy Television Awards (BAFTAs) Audience Award, and the British Comedy Awards Best TV Comedy Award, both in 2008.
In the December 2007 British Comedy Awards, the show won Best New British TV Comedy, losing in the Best New TV Comedy category to Peep Show. James Corden and Ruth Jones won Best Male and Female Comedy Newcomer respectively, with fellow cast members Mathew Horne and Joanna Page having also been nominated in the same categories. The show was also named Best New British TV Sitcom in the 2007 The Comedy.co.uk Awards.[34]
In April 2008 the show won two awards in the BAFTAs, the Audience Award, and Best Comedy Performance for James Corden.[35] In December 2008 the show won Best TV Comedy in the 2008 British Comedy Awards. In the 2009 BAFTAs Rob Brydon was nominated for Best Comedy Performance as Bryn.
In January 2020, the series won the "Impact Award" at The National Television Awards.[37]
Critical reaction
Immediately after the end of series 2, in April 2008 The Guardian described the show as the "BBC 3's biggest breakout comedy hit since Little Britain", while Deborah Orr wrote that the show was "amiable, unpretentious, well-scripted, nicely acted and archly amusing. It's a good series, taking its place in a well-worn comedic progression, stretching back to The Liver Birds".[20][38]
Just before the third series aired, The Independent described how the show had developed from a respectable début on BBC Three to an award-winning show with mainstream popularity after the BBC One Christmas special, although it noted a perception from some that the show shouldn't "get above itself". With its mainstream acceptance, however, it was of the opinion that the show had all the ingredients to become an "audience-pleasing family sitcom in the tradition of Only Fools and Horses and The Royle Family – churning out series after series and Christmas special after Christmas special", although by then, the writers had already ruled out future full series.[8] In 2019, Gavin & Stacey was named the 17th-greatest British sitcom of all time in a poll by Radio Times.[2]
Other appearances
Characters from the show have appeared outside the series' episodes in aid of various charitable causes.
Barry Islands in the Stream
In the fifth episode of the second series (6 April 2008), for Gwen's birthday barn dance, Bryn and Nessa perform a duet of "Islands in the Stream". On 21 February 2009, this was adapted into "Barry Islands In The Stream", a musical mini-sketch aired for Comic Relief. In a storyline that sees Bryn and Nessa invited to compete in the World Karaoke Championships in Las Vegas, Nessa bumps into her old friend Tom Jones, who joins them on stage, and the sketch also features Bee Gee Robin Gibb. Also released as a charity single, it debuted in the number one spot on the UK Singles Chart on 15 March 2009.[39]
For Red Nose Day 2009 on 13–14 March, the main telethon event for Comic Relief, a second sketch was aired where James Corden, in character as Smithy, has a chance encounter with the England national football team and proceeds to give them some advice on tactics and teamwork. "Barry Islands In The Stream" was also performed live for the Top of the Pops 2009 Red Nose Day special.
Smithy
There have been two charity episodes depicted as a "spin-off" of Gavin & Stacey called Smithy, starring James Corden as the title character.
For Sport Relief 2010 on 19 March 2010, Corden appeared again as Smithy in a long sketch about coaching, where he meets England footballers such as David Beckham, John Terry and Rio Ferdinand. Corden had previously recorded a live 9-minute segment during the December 2009 BBC Sports Personality of the Year awards ceremony. It sees Smithy being presented with the Coach of the Year Award for his unsung coaching influence on several British sports stars. As he jokes with the audience he declares he can't accept the award, and goes on to rant at the assembled sporting stars for having 'lost their way' and focusing on celebrity, ending on a rousing appeal to get back to basics, leaving hosts Sue Barker and Gary Lineker in mock tears. As a backstory, sketches are shown of how Smithy coached Tom Daley, Andrew Flintoff, Andy Murray, Jenson Button, David Beckham and the Manchester United team.[40]
On 19 December 2010, Corden appeared as Smithy in the live ceremony for the 2010 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Awards, announcing that Sport Relief had raised over £44 million, expressing his doubts that England manager Fabio Capello would win the coach of the year award, and giving the 15 times Darts World Champion Phil Taylor his backing as a candidate for the main award, praising his dedication to training by going down the pub every night sinking pints.
Corden appeared as Smithy again on Michael McIntyre's Christmas Roadshow on BBC One on 25 December 2011. The sketch showed Smithy in a dating-show style spoof with Miranda Hart as her TV alter ego.
He again appeared at Comic Relief, this time in 2013, in the live studio itself. He went on to rant about all the world's issues and his opinions on them.
Corden appeared as the character again for 2016's Sport Relief, where Smithy campaigns to be elected as Sepp Blatter's replacement as the president of FIFA.
On 30 March 2010, Corden and Jones appeared in character as Smithy and Nessa as part of Channel 4's Comedy Gala, held at the O2 Arena in London in aid of Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, broadcast on Channel 4 on 5 April 2010. Following on from the events of the final episode, they arrive in London on a day trip from Barry Island, with Neil the baby in tow.[citation needed]
Home media
The decision was made by BBC Worldwide to release the full DVD box set of series three on 7 December 2009, in time for the Christmas rush, despite not all of the series having aired in the UK. There was some criticism, with Liberal Democrat media spokesperson Don Foster saying it devalued the licence fee.[41] Despite this release, subsequent episodes still saw some of the show's highest viewing figures.[42]
Various adaptations have been attempted but have not matched the success of the original.
NBC (2008)
In March 2008, it was reported the American network NBC had bought the rights to produce an American remake from Baby Cow Productions. Initial ideas according to Corden were to have Gavin coming from New Jersey and Stacey from South Carolina, meeting up in New York City.[16] In December 2008 however, Jones stated "There was a script written for NBC. They optioned it, but then that went away. I read the script and it wasn't great to be honest with you. But now ABC are looking into writing a pilot and hopefully that will work out".[43] At the time, both Corden and Jones were reportedly acting as executive producers of the ABC version, while interviewing other people for the job of writing the adaptation.[44]
ABC pilot (2009–10)
In September 2009 it was reported that ABC had ordered a pilot for an American remake, to be written by Stacy Traub and Hayes Jackson, and produced by BBC Worldwide.[45][46] The series was not picked up.
On 8 May 2013, Fox announced that an American remake, Us & Them, would be broadcast in the network's 2013–14 schedule. Thirteen episodes were ordered. On 11 October 2013, it was revealed that only six episodes would air after production went into early hiatus, before being halted altogether.[47][48] In June 2014, Fox announced that the six episodes would not air on the network.[49]
Notes
^The 2008 special is included in the Region 1 edition, bringing its episode total to 7.
^Schneider, Michael (13 September 2009). "ABC sets up trio of laffers". Variety. Archived from the original on 16 September 2009. Retrieved 16 January 2010.
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IPad mini Бренд iPad Производитель Apple inc. Серия iPad mini Дата выпуска 9 сентября 2015 года Начальная цена от 32 990 на старте продаж Начало продаж 9 сентября 2015 года Снят с производства 18 марта 2019 года Связанные модели iPad Pro, iPhone 6s и iPhone 6s Plus Тип Интернет планшет Форм-фактор Моноблок Размер...
American scientist (1928–2016) John W. CahnJohn W. CahnBornHans Werner Cahn(1928-01-09)January 9, 1928Cologne, PrussiaDiedMarch 14, 2016(2016-03-14) (aged 88)Seattle, WashingtonNationalityAmericanAlma materUniversity of MichiganUniversity of California at BerkeleyKnown forAllen–Cahn equationSpouseAnne Hessing CahnScientific careerFieldsMetallurgyInstitutionsMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyNational Institute of Standards and TechnologyDoctoral advisorRichard Edward Powe...
Belief or behavior involving uncritical zeal or an obsessive enthusiasm For other uses, see Fanatic (disambiguation). The Fanatics of Tangier by Eugène Delacroix, Minneapolis Institute of Arts Fanaticism (from the Latin adverb fānāticē [fren-fānāticus; enthusiastic, ecstatic; raging, fanatical, furious][1]) is a belief or behavior involving uncritical zeal or an obsessive enthusiasm. Definitions Philosopher George Santayana defines fanaticism as redoubling your effort when you h...
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Oshi – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) OshiA game of Oshi set to be startedPlayers2Setup time< 1 minutePlaying time15 - 20 minutesChanceNoneAge range8 +SkillsStrategic thought Os...
Este artículo o sección necesita referencias que aparezcan en una publicación acreditada.Este aviso fue puesto el 20 de julio de 2016. No debe confundirse con la antigua Etruria, civilización anterior a la República romana. Reino de EtruriaRegno di Etruria Estado satélite del Primer Imperio francés 1801-1807BanderaEscudo Mapa del Reino de Etruria hacia el 1803Capital FlorenciaEntidad Estado satélite del Primer Imperio francésIdioma oficial Italiano, FrancésReligión CatolicismoMoned...
University technical college in LondonSir Simon Milton Westminster UTCAddress1 Sutherland StreetLondon, SW1V 4LDCoordinates51°29′22″N 0°08′50″W / 51.4894°N 0.1472°W / 51.4894; -0.1472InformationTypeUniversity technical collegeEstablished2017Closed2022Local authorityCity of WestminsterDepartment for Education URN144819 TablesHeadteacherDan ChandrakumarGenderCoeducationalAge14 to 19Enrolment202 as of April 2021[update] [2]Capacity550 ...
European gambling card game Not to be confused with the card game Macau. Macao is an old, European gambling card game played with French playing cards that is related to Baccarat. It was first mentioned in 1774,[1] and may have originated in Hungary or Italy.[2] It was described as being popular with the soldiers of the Austro-Hungarian Empire during the 19th century,[3] although the game was later banned as a game of chance.[4] Overview Macao may be a forerunn...
This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: There Is a Breeze – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) 1973 studio album by Michael JohnsonThere Is a BreezeStudio album by Michael JohnsonReleased1973GenreFolk rockLength41:30LabelAtcoSD-7028 ...