George Nugent-Temple-Grenville, 1st Marquess of Buckingham, KG, KP, PC (17 June 1753 – 11 February 1813), known as George Grenville before 1779 and as The Earl Temple between 1779 and 1784, was a British statesman.
The now Lord Temple also took the additional family names Nugent and Temple by Royal Warrant issued on 4 December[4] making the compound family name Nugent-Temple-Grenville. In 1782, Temple was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Buckinghamshire and in July 1782, he became a member of the Privy Council and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in the Ministry of Lord Shelburne. He was instrumental in the enactment of the Renunciation Act of 1783, which supplemented the legislative independence granted to Ireland in 1782. As Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and by Royal Warrant, he created the Order of St Patrick in February 1783, with himself as the first Grand Master. He left Ireland in 1783 and again turned his attention to English politics. He enjoyed the confidence of King George III, and having opposed Fox'sEast India Bill, he was authorised by the King to say that "whoever voted for the India Bill was not only not his friend, but would be considered by him as an enemy", a message which ensured the defeat of the Bill. He was appointed a Secretary of State when Pitt the Younger (his father's sister's son) formed his ministry in December 1783, but resigned only three days later.[3] This was the shortest cabinet tenure until Michelle Donelan in 2022.[5]
Coat of arms of George Nugent-Temple-Grenville, 1st Marquess of Buckingham, KG, KP, PC
In December 1784, Lord Temple was created Marquess of Buckingham. In November 1787, he was again appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, this time under Pitt, but his second tenure of this office proved less successful than the first. Grattan denounced him for extravagance; the Irish Houses of Parliament censured him for refusing to transmit to England an address calling upon the Prince of Wales to assume the regency; and he could only maintain his position by resorting to bribery on a large scale.[3] When his father-in-law died in 1788, Buckingham succeeded him as 2nd Earl Nugent. However, since he already held a marquessate, he was never known by this title. (His wife was, however, created Baroness Nugent in 1800, with special remainder to their second son, Lord George Nugent-Grenville.) Having become very unpopular, he resigned his office in September 1789.
Later years
Buckingham subsequently took very little part in politics, although he spoke in favour of the Act of Union of 1800. His wife died in 1812 and he died on 11 February 1813 at his residence, Stowe in Buckinghamshire. He was buried at his ancestral home Wotton. He left two sons: Richard, Earl Temple (who succeeded him as 2nd Marquess of Buckingham and was later created Duke of Buckingham and Chandos) and George, 2nd Baron Nugent (who had succeeded his mother in that title on her death).
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