Helveticosauridae

Helveticosauridae; Temporal range: Middle Triassic, 243–241 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
	Eusaurosphargis dalsassoi PIMUZ A/III 4380
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Clade:	Archosauromorpha (?)
Family:	†Helveticosauridae; Peyer, 1955
Genera
	†Eusaurosphargis; †Helveticosaurus;

Helveticosauridae is an extinct family of basal marine reptiles known from the Middle Triassic (Anisian-Ladinian boundary) of southern Switzerland and northern Italy.^[1]^[2]

The type species of the family is Helveticosaurus zollingeri, named by Bernhard Peyer in 1955 based on a single nearly complete specimen T 4352 collected at Cava Tre Fontane from the Anisian-Ladinian boundary of Monte San Giorgio, Switzerland. Peyer (1955) considered the species to be a very distinctive member of the order Placodontia, and thus erected Helveticosauridae as well as the superfamily Helveticosauroidea to contain it within Placodontia.^[1]

Nosotti and Rieppel (2003) described Eusaurosphargis from the equivalent beds at Cava di Besano of the Besano Formation (Anisian-Ladinian boundary) of Italy. Their phylogenetic analysis recovered it as the sister taxon of Helveticosaurus, and thus it was assigned to Helveticosauridae. Based on the description in the literature available for Saurosphargis (whose holotype is lost), they considered it to also fall in the Helveticosauridae clade.^[2] The anatomy of Saurosphargis was finally clarified by comparisons with the well-preserved specimens of Sinosaurosphargis, and as a result Saurosphargis was no longer considered to be a nomen dubium, and thus could be included in a phylogenetic analysis. Li et al. (2011) found Saurosphargis and Sinosaurosphargis to form a clade separate from that of Eusaurosphargis and Helveticosaurus, thus Saurosphargis was removed from Helveticosauridae, and placed in its own family Saurosphargidae together with Sinosaurosphargis.^[3]

References

^ ^a ^b Bernhard Peyer (1955). "Die Triasfauna der Tessiner Kalkalpen. XVIII. Helveticosaurus zollingeri, n.g. n.sp". Schweizerische Paläontologische Abhandlungen. 72: 3–50.
^ ^a ^b Nosotti, Stefania; Rieppel, Olivier (2003). "Eusaurosphargis dalsassoi n. gen. n. sp., a new, unusual diapsid reptile from the Middle Triassic of Besano (Lombardy, N Italy)". Memorie della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano Ile. 31 (3): 1–33.
^ Li, Chun; Olivier Rieppel; Xiao-Chun Wu; Li-Jun Zhao; Li-Ting Wang (2011). "A new Triassic marine reptile from southwestern China". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 31 (2): 303–312. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.550368.