^ abMacquart, P. J. M. (1823). "Monographie des insectes dipteres de la famille des empides, observes dans le nord-ouest de la France". Rec. Trav. Soc. Amat. Sci. Agric. Arts, Lille 1819-1822: 137–165.
^Melander, Axel Leonard (1928). Diptera. Fam. Empididae. In Wytsman, P., ed.,. Bruxelles. 185: Genera insectorum. pp. 1–434.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
^ abCollin, James Edward (1928). New Zealand Empididae based on material in the British Museum (Natural History). London: British Museum (Natural History). pp. viii + 110.
^Zetterstedt, J. W. (1837). "Conspectus familiarum, generum et specierum dipterorum, in fauna insectorum Lapponica descriptorum". Isis (Oken's). 21: 28–67.