Hodegon Monastery

The Hodegon Monastery (also Monastery of the Panaghia Hodegetria or Monastery of the Hodegoi) in Constantinople was allegedly^[1] founded by Saint Pulcheria (399–453), a daughter of Emperor Arcadius. The monastery is considered one of the three main Marian foundations built in the city along with the Blachernai and the Chalkoprateia.^[2]

The monastery was situated beyond the Chalkoprateia by the sea and served as the counterpart of the Blachernai so that these structures bracket the city of Constantinople as well as the processions such as the weekly Blachernai procession that began at the Theodosian walls and ended at Chalkoprateia.^[3] However, the exact location of the monastery is still subject to discussion.^[4] The Hodegon Monastery is believed to be named after the term hodegoi, which referred to the guides who led the blinds toward the miraculous well within the structure.^[5]

Tradition states that the monastery held the Icon of the Hodegetria, believed to have been painted by Saint Luke. According to an account by Xanthopoulos, this relic was brought from Antioch.^[2] While it was at Hodegon, Ruy Gonzales de Clavijo described it sometime in 1403 to 1406 as a painting with a square panel that was covered with precious stones such as emeralds, sapphires, topaz, and pearls.^[6] When the icon was sent to Pulcheria, she took a vow of chastity.^[7] The name of the icon, Panagia Hodegetria ("She who shows the Way"), is given through the legend which tells that nearby the church of the monastery was a source where the blind and all who suffered eye disorders came to be healed, since the Holy Virgin would have appeared to two blind people and guided them here where she restored their vision. The sanctuary was rebuilt by Emperor Michael III (842–867) but today only a few ruins are visible near Gülhane Park.^[8]

References

^ Cyril Mango, Constantinople as Theotokoupolis, in: Vassikali, Mother of God, Skira Editore, 2000, pp. 17–25, notes 15 and 58.
^ ^a ^b Pentcheva, Bissera V. (2006). Icons and Power: The Mother of God in Byzantium. University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State Press. p. 121. ISBN 0271025514.
^ Maguire, Henry (2004). Byzantine Court Culture from 829 to 1204. Dumbarton Oaks. p. 96. ISBN 0884023087.
^ Grotowski, Piotr (2017). ""The Hodegon. Considerations on the location of the Hodegetria sanctuary in Constantinople"". Byzantina Symmeikta. doi:10.12681/byzsym.13888. ISSN 1791-4884. Retrieved 2023-08-05.
^ Reinink, A. W.; Stumpel, Jeroen (2012). Memory & Oblivion: Proceedings of the XXIXth International Congress of the History of Art held in Amsterdam, 1–7 September 1996. Dordrecht: Springer Science & Business Media. p. 703. ISBN 9789401057714.
^ Spatharákīs, Iōánnīs (1976). The Portrait in Byzantine illuminated manuscripts. [Mit Stammtaf.] Leiden: Brill Archive. p. 46. ISBN 9004047832.
^ Warren Treadgold, A History of the Byzantine State and Society, Stanford 1997, ISBN 0-8047-2630-2.
^ Robert Demangel, Ernest Mamboury, Le quartier des Manganes et la première région de Constantinople (Recherches françaises en Turquie, 2), Paris 1939, pp. 71–111.