House of Khurshidbanu Natavan

House of Khurshidbanu Natavan
Azerbaijani: Xurşidbanu Natəvanın evi
	The house in 2021
	Location within Azerbaijan
Established	18th–19th centuries
Location	Shusha, Azerbaijan
Coordinates	39°45′53.7″N 46°45′3.07″E / 39.764917°N 46.7508528°E
Type	House-museum
Architect	Karbalayi Safikhan Karabakhi
Owner	Government of Azerbaijan

The House of Khurshidbanu Natavan (Azerbaijani: Xurşidbanu Natəvanın evi), also known as the Palace of Natavan, Daughter of the Khan (Azerbaijani: Xan qızı Natəvanın sarayı), is an 18th or 19th-century historical and architectural monument, and a museum in Shusha, Azerbaijan.

The three-storey house, being one of the first residential houses in Shusha, belonged to the 19th-century Azerbaijani speaking poet Khurshidbanu Natavan. During Soviet rule, it served as a music and art school, and later, as a house-museum dedicated to Natavan. The building was heavily damaged when the Armenian forces captured Shusha in 1992, during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, while the Azerbaijani authorities accused the Armenian forces of looting the building.

The building has an architecture atypical for the other residential buildings in Shusha. Constructed with stone, and in a smaller scale, brick, it is filled with frescoes and alabaster carvings. The house also has a large garden, which houses various smaller buildings intended for home service.

History

The House of Khurshidbanu Natavan is one of the first residential houses in Shusha, built by the Azerbaijani architect Karbalayi Safikhan Karabakhi in the 18th or 19th century for Khurshidbanu Natavan, an Azerbaijani poet.^[1]^[2]

On Bulbul's initiative, the People's Commissariat of Education of the Azerbaijani SSR established the Shusha Music School on 10 October 1932. The school operated in the building, and in 1984, it got renamed the Niyazi Children's Art School. In 1987, the Soviet government restored the building and created the house-museum of Khurshidbanu Natavan, a branch of the National museum of Azerbaijan literature named after Nizami Ganjavi, with its first director being Namig Babayev.^[3]

On 8 May 1992, during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War,^[4] the Armenian forces captured Shusha, and its Azerbaijani population of about 15,000 people,^[5] was forced to flee.^[6] Most of the city came into ruins,^[7] including the building,^[8]^[9] and Shusha turned into a ghost town.^[5] According to the Azerbaijani officials, the Armenian forces destroyed and looted hundreds of paintings, carpets, miniatures, souvenirs and archaeological samples collected in the museum.^[10]

Azerbaijan recaptured Shusha after a three-day long battle on 7 November 2020, during the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War.^[11]^[12]^[13]

Architecture

The house's southern wall is made of brick, and the rest are made of stone. The building has a rectangular shape with dimensions of 24x12,5 meters. The height of the building from the ground to the roof is 8.5 meters. There are seven rooms dedicated to home service and the servants on the first floor of the building. There are three entry gates on the building's southern side. The middle-gate leads to a hallway, while the other two lead to the side rooms. There are two groups of rooms on the ground floor, one of them includes four rooms and the other three rooms. There is a hallway connecting these groups of rooms.^[14]

The access to the second floor is achieved by a stone staircase built into the house's western wall. There is a spacious living room in the centre of the second floor, and there are four living rooms around it. The hall is illuminated on both sides by large mesh windows measuring 5x3,5 meters along its entire length. There are two more windows around the large door situated in the floor's southern wall. The height of the hall is about 5 meters. The other four rooms' height, under which the balconies are located, is slightly lower. Frescoes and alabaster carvings were used to decorate the interior of the hallway.^[14]

The House of Khurshidbanu Natavan has an architecture atypical for the other residential buildings in Shusha. The southern facade of the building is divided by vertically placed ridges. There are wider ridges on the frames of the windows located in the building's second floor. The house is resistant to aridity due to the different distances between the divisions. Thanks to the added horizontal divisions at the top, the facade has a smooth and light character.^[15]

The brick wall of the building's first and second floors was built with arches and rectangular windows. Its third floor also has a brick wall. The building's facade's such division created a light-shadow effect. The building's facade, constructed with stones and facing north, is more similar to Shusha's architecture. Despite this, it lags behind many nobility houses in terms of the quality of the architectural work.^[15]

The house also has a large garden, which houses various smaller buildings intended for home service.^[2]

Gallery

Picture of the house, historical photograph
Ruined state of the house after the Armenian capture of Shusha
Ruined state of the house after the Armenian capture of Shusha
The plan of the first and second floor of the palace

References

^ Avalov 1977, p. 60.
^ ^a ^b Kaziyeva 1960, p. 92.
^ "Xurşidbanu Natəvanın ev-muzeyi" [House-museum of Khurshidbanu Natavan]. Madaniyyat TV (in Azerbaijani). 9 October 2020. Archived from the original on 29 January 2021. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
^ Durch 1996, p. 444.
^ ^a ^b "Шуша - цитадель Карабаха: почему она важна для азербайджанцев и армян" [Shusha is the citadel of Karabakh: why is it important for Azerbaijanis and Armenians]. BBC Russian Service (in Russian). 7 November 2020. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
^ Goble 2020, p. 2.
^ de Waal, Thomas (10 May 2002). "Shusha Armenians Recall Their Bittersweet Victory". Institute for War and Peace Reporting. Archived from the original on 5 October 2015. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
^ "Дворец Хуршидбану Натаван, подвергшийся армянскому вандализму" [Khurshidbanu Natavan Palace, vandalized by the Armenians]. Azerbaijan State News Agency (in Russian). 24 December 2020. Archived from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
^ "Дом Хуршудбану Натаван до и после армянской оккупации - ФОТО" [House of Khurshudbanu Natavan before and after the Armenian occupation - PHOTOS]. Day.az (in Russian). 19 November 2020. Archived from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
^ ""Qarabağ – mədəniyyətimizin beşiyi": Xurşidbanu Natəvanın evi" ["Karabakh – the cradle of our culture": The House of Khurshidbanu Natavan]. Azerbaijani Ministry of Culture (in Azerbaijani). 8 October 2020. Archived from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
^ "Key Town In Nagorno-Karabakh Falls As Azerbaijan Presses Forward in Breakaway Region". RFE/RL. 9 November 2020. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 29 November 2020.
^ "Ethnic Armenian forces confirm loss of Karabakh's second city, say enemy nearing capital". Reuters. 9 November 2020. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 29 November 2020.
^ "Ethnic Armenians confirm loss of Shusha to Azeri forces". Al Jazeera. 9 November 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
^ ^a ^b Sarkisov & Alizadeh 1950, p. 127.
^ ^a ^b Sarkisov & Alizadeh 1950, p. 128.

Sources

Avalov, E. V. (1977). Архитектура города Шуши и проблемы сохранения его исторического облика (in Russian). Baku: Elm.
Kaziyeva, M. A. (1960). "Город Шуша. Дом Хуршуд Бану Натаван". Азербайджан (Исторические и достопримечательные места) (in Russian). Baku: Издательство АН Азербайджанской ССР.
Sarkisov, Ashot; Alizadeh, Ali Ashraf (1950). О некоторых архитектурных памятниках Шуши (Памятники архитектуры Азербайджана (сборник материалов) (in Russian). Vol. 2. Moscow and Baku.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Durch, William J. (1996). UN Peacekeeping, American Politics, and the Uncivil Wars of the 1990s. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 0-312-12930-0.
Goble, Paul (12 November 2020). "Shusha Once Again Key to War and Peace Between Armenia and Azerbaijan". Eurasia Daily Monitor. 17 (160). Jamestown Foundation. Archived from the original on 1 January 2021. Retrieved 1 January 2021.