Jánico

Jánico

Municipio de Janico
Jánico Municipio de Janico
Town and municipality
	Janico, Dominican Republic town church.
	Seal
	Jánico Jánico in the Dominican Republic
	Coordinates: 19°19′34″N 70°48′54″W / 19.32611°N 70.81500°W
Country	Dominican Republic
Province	Santiago
Settled	16 March 1494
Incorporated	29 March 1881
Government
• Mayor	Hilario Fernández (Dominican Liberation’s Party)
Area
• Total	235.03 km2 (90.75 sq mi)
Elevation	370 m (1,210 ft)
Population (2010)
• Total	16,993
• Density	72/km2 (190/sq mi)
• Urban	1,730
• Rural	15,263
Municipal Districts	; 2

Jánico (Caribbean Spanish pronunciation: [ˈhaniko]) is a small mountain town and municipality (municipio) of the Santiago province in the Dominican Republic. A part of the Central Mountain Range, it sits east of San Jose de las Matas; west of Sabana Iglesia; and southwest of Santiago de los Caballeros. The municipality is spread over two municipal districts (distritos municipal): Juncalito and El Caimito, along with several other localities, including but not limited to: Las Mesetas, Pinalito, Loma del Corral, Dicayagua Abajo, Dicayagua Arriba, and Cebu.^[5] Jánico acquired the status of municipality of the province of Santiago on March 29th, 1881.

The town sits at a relatively high elevation, as part of the Central Mountain Range, (an average elevation of 370 meters), which gives the municipality a pleasant climate.

Etymology and nicknames

The name of the municipality Janico is derived from the Santo Tomas de Janico Fortess, built by Christopher Columbus in 1494.

History

Jánico was first settled when Italian explorer and navigator Christopher Columbus established a stockade there in March 1494, with intention of protecting his gold mining ambitions. The prospectivity of gold was established earlier in the year by an expedition led by Alonso de Ojeda^[6]

In the same year of 1494, Columbus ordered the construction of the ephemeral Santo Tomás de Jánico Fortress, the first built inland on the island, and the second in all of America. The remains of this fortress still lie in Janico.

Due to its location in the Central Mountain Range, and its presence in the region known as the Sierra (Spanish: La Sierra; pronounced [la ˈsjera]) Janico received a sizeable amount of white and mulatto refugees from both Saint-Domingue and the Cibao Valley, the former during the slave revolts in 1805. By then, the (then town) was peopled mostly by ethnic Canarians and French who established a markedly endogamous society in order to preserve their whiteness, only few owned slaves.

The (then town) of Janico acquired the status of municipality on the 29th of March 1881, after 387 years.^[7]^[8]

Geography

Jánico is part of a region known as the Sierra (Spanish: La Sierra; pronounced [la ˈsjera]), which is a part of the Central Mountain Range, in the Cibao region. The municipality is located east of San Jose de las Matas; west of Sabana Iglesia; and southwest of Santiago de los Caballeros.

Demographics

In the 1950 census it was the town with the second highest percentage of white people in the country, with 81.1 percent.

According to a 2016 genealogical DNA testing by the Genographic Project, the town still had among the highest percentages of both European and pre-Columbian heritages in the island, at 61.5% and 7.8%, respectively, while the African input (including non-black North Africans) was numbered at only 29.6%.^[9]

The cause of these demographics lies in its history. The town was peopled in the 18th century mostly by ethnic Canarians and French, who established a markedly endogamous society in order to preserve their whiteness; only a very few were slaveholders.

Economy

The main source of the municipality's economy is agriculture, with coffee cultivation as a reference, which makes it one of the most important coffee-growing areas in the country. Remittances also constitute an important element in the economy of this municipality.

Its location in the Central Mountain Range gives it landscape attributes with great potential for mountain tourism. Among its attractions are the Bao reservoir and a botanical garden with an area of 700 hectares of land. On its border with the municipality of Sabana Iglesia is the Taveras hydroelectric complex, located on the Yaque del Norte and Bao rivers. It is formed by the Taveras, Bao dams and the López Angostura reservoir. This endowment contributes 185 GWH to the national electrical system and is used to irrigate approximately 9,100 hectares of land.

For comparison with other municipalities and municipal districts see the list of municipalities and municipal districts of the Dominican Republic.

References

^ Pérez, Narciso (16 August 2016). "PLD dominará seis de los 10 municipios que tiene Santiago" (in Spanish). Santiago: Diario Libre. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
^ Superficies a nivel de municipios, Oficina Nacional de Estadistica Archived April 17, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
^ "Santo Tomás de Jánico". Google Maps. Retrieved 18 May 2015.
^ "Resumen resultados generales Censo 2010" (PDF) (in Spanish). Oficina Nacional de Estadística. 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 October 2012. Retrieved 26 August 2016.
^ Oficina Nacional de Estadistica, Departamento de Cartografia, Division de Limites y Linderos. "Listado de Codigos de Provincias, Municipio y Distritos Municipales, Actualizada a Junio 20 del 2006" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on August 3, 2007. Retrieved 2007-01-24.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Floyd, Troy (1973). The Columbus Dynasty in the Caribbean, 1492-1526. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. pp. 23–24.
^ Espinal Hernández, Edwin R. (28 August 2010). "Población, endogamia y consanguinidad. Genealogía en la Sierra de San José de Las Matas" (in Spanish). Instituto Dominicano de Genealogía. Retrieved 16 May 2015.
^ Hernández González, Manuel V. (2007). Expansión fundacional y crecimiento en el norte dominicano (1680-1795): El Cibao y la Bahía de Samaná (in Spanish). Santo Domingo: Archivo General de la Nación; Academia Dominicana de la Historia. ISBN 978-9945-020-12-0.
^ "Dominicano promedio tiene 49% ADN africano, 39% europeo, y 4% precolombino" [Average Dominican's DNA is 49% African, 39% European, and 4% pre-Columbian]. Acento.com.do (in Spanish). 5 July 2016. Retrieved 26 August 2016.

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[1] Pérez, Narciso (16 August 2016). "PLD dominará seis de los 10 municipios que tiene Santiago" (in Spanish). Santiago: Diario Libre. Retrieved 28 August 2016.

[listado-2] Superficies a nivel de municipios, Oficina Nacional de Estadistica Archived April 17, 2009, at the Wayback Machine

[3] "Santo Tomás de Jánico". Google Maps. Retrieved 18 May 2015.

[4] "Resumen resultados generales Censo 2010" (PDF) (in Spanish). Oficina Nacional de Estadística. 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 October 2012. Retrieved 26 August 2016.

[5] Oficina Nacional de Estadistica, Departamento de Cartografia, Division de Limites y Linderos. "Listado de Codigos de Provincias, Municipio y Distritos Municipales, Actualizada a Junio 20 del 2006" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on August 3, 2007. Retrieved 2007-01-24.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[Floyd-6] Floyd, Troy (1973). The Columbus Dynasty in the Caribbean, 1492-1526. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. pp. 23–24.

[Poblacion_endogami_consanguinidad-7] Espinal Hernández, Edwin R. (28 August 2010). "Población, endogamia y consanguinidad. Genealogía en la Sierra de San José de Las Matas" (in Spanish). Instituto Dominicano de Genealogía. Retrieved 16 May 2015.

[Expansion_fundacional_Cibao-8] Hernández González, Manuel V. (2007). Expansión fundacional y crecimiento en el norte dominicano (1680-1795): El Cibao y la Bahía de Samaná (in Spanish). Santo Domingo: Archivo General de la Nación; Academia Dominicana de la Historia. ISBN 978-9945-020-12-0.

[9] "Dominicano promedio tiene 49% ADN africano, 39% europeo, y 4% precolombino" [Average Dominican's DNA is 49% African, 39% European, and 4% pre-Columbian]. Acento.com.do (in Spanish). 5 July 2016. Retrieved 26 August 2016.

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