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Jan Łaski

For the primate of Poland and Grand Chancellor of the Crown, see Jan Łaski (1456–1531).

Jan Łaski (John à Lasco), portrait from the 16th century

Jan Łaski or Johannes à Lasco (1499 – 8 January 1560) was a Polish Calvinist reformer. Owing to his influential work in England (1548–1553) during the English Reformation, he is known to the English-speaking world by the Anglicised form John à Lasco (or less commonly, John Laski).[1]

Life

Korab coat-of-arms

Jan Łaski was born in 1499 as the second son of Jarosław Łaski, the voivode of Sieradz, and Zuzanna of Bąkowa Góra.[2][3] Following Hermann Dalton's claims in his nineteenth-century biography of Łaski,[4] a number of historians have identified the Łaski family's castle in Łask as his place of birth,[5] although recent Polish scholarship concludes that the exact location cannot be ascertained.[6]

His uncle, also Jan Łaski, was the Archbishop of Gniezno, Primate of Poland and Grand Chancellor of the Crown,[1] and he was instrumental in forwarding the early career of his nephew.[7] The coat-of-arms of the Łaski family was Korab.[8]

After his family's fall from political power and prestige, Łaski, a learned priest, went in 1523 to Basel, where he became a close friend of Erasmus and Zwingli. In 1542, he became pastor of a Protestant church at Emden, East Frisia. A public library in Emden is named after him (https://www.jalb.de/22758-438-0-73.html), it received the 'Bibliothek des Jahres' (Library of the year) award of the German Library Association in 2001 (https://www.bibliotheksverband.de/bibliothek-des-jahres#BibliothekdesJahres2001). Shortly after his stay in Emden he went to England, where in 1550 he was superintendent of the Strangers' Church of London and had some influence on ecclesiastical affairs in the reign of Edward VI.[9]

Edward VI Granting Permission to John à Lasco to Set Up a Congregation for European Protestants in London in 1550, painting by Johann Valentin Haidt, circa 1750

Upon the accession of Catholic Queen Mary in July 1553, he fled to Copenhagen with a shipload of refugees from the Strangers' Church. However they were denied refuge there because they would not accept the Augsburg Confession of Faith. They were resettled in Brandenburg.[10] Łaski also helped Catherine Willoughby and her husband after they too had left England. His support enabled them to obtain an appointment from Sigismund II as administrators of Lithuania. Łaski was a correspondent of John Hooper, whom Łaski supported in the vestments controversy.[9]

In 1556, he was recalled to Poland, where he became secretary to King Sigismund II and was a leader in Calvinism.[11]

His contributions to the Calvinist churches were the establishment of church government in theory and practice, a denial of any distinction between ministers and elders except in terms of who could teach and administer the sacraments. A meeting with the Anabaptist Menno Simons in 1544 led Łaski to coin the term "Mennonites" for the followers of Simons.[12][13]

He died in Pińczów, Poland.

Works

  • Forma ac ratio (1550) -- A "Form and Rationale" for the liturgy of the Stranger churches in London. Possibly influenced the 1552 Book of Common Prayer, John Knox's Scottish order, the Middleburg ordinal, the 1563 German Palatinate order, and the "forms and prayers" in Pieter Dathenus' psalter, which was influential in Dutch Calvinist churches.
  • Johannes a Lasco, Opera (Works), ed. Abraham Kuyper (Amsterdam: F. Muller, 1866).

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Eaves & Carter 1979, p. 311.
  2. ^ Dalton 1886, pp. 29–30.
  3. ^ Janakowski 2018, p. 69.
  4. ^ Dalton 1886, p. 30.
  5. ^ Janakowski 2018, p. 72.
  6. ^ Janakowski 2018, p. 73.
  7. ^ Janakowski 2018, pp. 73–81.
  8. ^ Janakowski 2018, p. 68.
  9. ^ a b Archbold 1897, p. 159.
  10. ^ Chisholm 1911.
  11. ^ Archbold 1897, p. 160.
  12. ^ Lindberg 2010, p. 287.
  13. ^ Cameron 2012, p. 333.
Attribution
  • Archbold, William Arthur Jobson (1897). "Laski, John" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 52. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 158–160.
  • Bain, Robert Nisbet (1911). "Laski" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 234–235, see para 4. Jan Laski, the younger (1499–1560),
  • Cameron, Euan (2012). The European Reformation (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199547852.
  • Dalton, Hermann (1886). John A Lasco: His Earlier Life and Labours. Translated by Evans, Maurice J. London: Hodder and Stoughton. [English translation of Dalton, Hermann (1881). Johannes a Lasco Beitrag zur Reformationsgeschichte Polens Deutschlands und Englands (in German). Gotha: Friedrich Andreas Perthes.]
  • Eaves, Richard Glen; Carter, William A. (1979). "John à Lasco: A Polish Religious Reformer in England, 1550-1553". Journal of Thought. 14 (4): 311–323. eISSN 2375-270X. ISSN 0022-5231. JSTOR 42588808. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
  • Janakowski, Marcin (2018). "Between Facts and Panegyrics. Tracing the Youth and Peregrinations of Hieronim, Jan and Stanisław Łaski". Przegląd Nauk Historycznych [Review of Historical Sciences]. XVII (3). Łódź: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego: 67–101. doi:10.18778/1644-857X.17.03.03. hdl:11089/27177. ISSN 1644-857X. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
  • Lindberg, Carter (2010). The European Reformations (2nd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 9781405180672.

Sources

  • Henning P. Juergens, Johannes a Lasco in Ostfriesland: Der Werdegang eines europaeischen Reformators (Tuebingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2002) (Spaetmittelalter und Reformation, Neue Reihe, 18), . viii + 428 S.
  • Becker, J., Gemeindeordnung und Kirchenzucht. Johannes a Lascos Kirchenordnung für London (1555) und die reformierte Konfessionsbildung (Leiden, Brill, 2007) (Studies in Medieval and Reformation Traditions, 122), xvi, 592 S.
  • Michael S. Springer, Restoring Christ's Church: John a Lasco and the Forma ac ratio (Aldershot, Ashgate, 2007) (St Andrews Studies in Reformation History), 198 pp.
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