John Quincy Adams II

John Quincy Adams II
John Quincy Adams II
	Adams as a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives
Member of the ; Massachusetts House of Representatives; from the 6th Norfolk district
	In office; January 7, 1874 – January 5, 1875
Preceded by	James A. Stetson
Succeeded by	William A. Hodges
	In office; January 4, 1871 – January 2, 1872
Preceded by	Edmund B. Taylor
Succeeded by	Henry H. Faxon
	In office; January 1, 1868 – January 6, 1869
Preceded by	George Gill
Succeeded by	Henry Barker
	In office; January 3, 1866 – January 1, 1867
Preceded by	Henry H. Faxon
Succeeded by	George Gill
Personal details
Born	September 22, 1833; Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
Died	August 14, 1894 (aged 60); Quincy, Massachusetts, U.S.
Resting place	Mount Wollaston Cemetery, Quincy, Massachusetts
Political party	Republican (before 1867); Democratic (1867–94)
Spouse	Frances Cadwallader Crowninshield; (m. 1861)
Relations	John Adams Morgan (great-grandson); Henry Brooks Adams (brother)
Children	John; George; Charles III; Frances; Arthur; Abigail;
Parent(s)	Charles Francis Adams; Abigail Brown Brooks
Alma mater	Harvard University
Military service
Allegiance	United States of America (Union)
Branch/service	Massachusetts Militia
Years of service	1861–1865
Rank	Colonel
Unit	Staff of Governor John Albion Andrew
Battles/wars	American Civil War

John Quincy Adams II (September 22, 1833 – August 14, 1894) was an American politician who represented Quincy in the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1866 to 1867, 1868 to 1869, 1871 to 1872, and from 1874 to 1875.

Adams served as a colonel in the Union Army during the American Civil War under Governor John Albion Andrew of Massachusetts. Later in life, he left the Republican Party in 1867 for the Democratic Party.

Early life

John Quincy Adams II was born on September 22, 1833, in Boston, Massachusetts, the second of seven children born to Charles Francis Adams^[1] and Abigail Brown Brooks.^[2]^[3]^[4]

He was the paternal grandson of the 6th United States president, John Quincy Adams (his namesake), and the great-grandson of the 2nd president, John Adams. His maternal grandfather was shipping magnate Peter Chardon Brooks (1767–1849).^[5]

He graduated from Harvard University in 1853, studied law, and two years later was admitted to the Suffolk County bar,^[6] and practiced in Boston. He followed his profession for a short time, then, becoming interested in agriculture, he established an experimental model farm of five hundred acres near Quincy, Massachusetts.^[6]

Career

During the Civil War he served as an aide-de-camp on the staff of Governor John Albion Andrew, first as a lieutenant colonel, and later as a colonel.^[7] During the war his duties included visiting Massachusetts units in the field and providing the governor status reports on their condition. In 1862, he made inspection visits to several Massachusetts units operating in North Carolina.^[8]

Adams served in several local offices in Quincy, including town meeting moderator, school board chairman and judge of the local court. He was elected to the Massachusetts state legislature^[6] as a Republican, but soon switched to the Democratic Party because of his dissatisfaction with Republican Reconstruction policies.^[9] In addition to serving in the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1865, 1867, 1870 and 1873, he was the unsuccessful Democratic nominee for Governor of Massachusetts^[6] in every year from 1867 to 1871. (Governors served one year terms until 1918.)

Adams received one vote for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States at the 1868 Democratic National Convention.^[10] In 1872, the faction of Democrats that refused to support Horace Greeley, the fusion candidate of Democrats and the Liberal Republican Party, nominated Charles O'Conor for president and Adams for vice president on the "Straight-Out Democratic" ticket.^[6] They declined, but their names remained on the ballot in some states.^[11]^[12]^[13]

In 1873, he was the unsuccessful nominee for lieutenant governor.^[14] After losing an election for lieutenant governor in 1876, Adams refused most further involvement in politics, though he was considered by Grover Cleveland for a cabinet position in 1893.^[15] In 1877, he was made a member of the Harvard Corporation.^[16]

Personal life

In 1861, Adams married Frances "Fanny" Cadwalader Crowninshield (1839–1911),^[17] daughter of George Crowninshield (1812–1857) and Harriet Sears Crowninshield (1809–1873) of the politically powerful Crowninshield family. Fanny was the granddaughter of former United States Secretary of the Navy under presidents Madison and Monroe, Benjamin Williams Crowninshield.^[18]^[19] Their children were:

John Quincy Adams III. (1862–1876), who died young.
George Caspar Adams (1863–1900), who was the head coach of the Harvard University football program.^[20]
Charles Francis Adams III (1866–1954), who served as Secretary of the Navy, and who married Frances Lovering.^[21]
Frances "Fanny" C. Adams (1873–1876), who died in childhood.
Arthur Charles Adams (1877–1943), who served as vice president of the Adams Trust Company, the Colony Trust and the New England Trust Company.^[22]
Abigail "Hitty" Adams (1879–1974),^[23] who married Robert Homans in 1907.^[24]

Adams died at age 60 in Wollaston, Massachusetts on August 14, 1894.^[6] He was buried at Mount Wollaston Cemetery in Quincy.^[25] His widow died in 1911, and left an estate worth $1,200,000 to their three surviving children.^[26]