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Kazakhstan–Netherlands relations refer to the bilateral relations between Kazakhstan and the Netherlands. The Netherlands has an embassy in Astana.[1] Kazakhstan has an embassy in The Hague.[2]
History
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Economic relations
There is significant trade between the two countries in agriculture, oil, chemicals and machinery sectors.[3]
The Netherlands is the largest source of foreign direct investment into Kazakhstan.[4] $90.4 billion of foreign direct investment was directed from the Netherlands to Kazakhstan from 1991 till 2019.[5] Dutch companies invested $7.3 billion into the economy of Kazakhstan in 2019 accounting for 30.2% of total FDI that year and remaining the biggest investors in the Central Asian country.[6]
A bilateral investment treaty signed in 2002 establishes a framework for fair and equitable treatment of respective investments and capital so to encourage foreign direct investment and trade.[7]