Klara Hitler

Klara Hitler
Klara Hitler
	Klara in 1875
Born	Klara Pölzl; 12 August 1860; Spital, Weitra, Austrian Empire
Died	21 December 1907 (aged 47); Linz, Austria-Hungary
Resting place	Town Cemetery, Leonding
Nationality	Austro-Hungarian
Known for	Mother of Adolf Hitler
Spouse	Alois Hitler (m. 1885; died 1903)
Children	Gustav; Ida; Otto; Adolf; Edmund; Paula;
Parents	Johann Baptist Pölzl; Johanna Hiedler;
Relatives	Johann Nepomuk Hiedler (maternal grandfather)

Klara Hitler (née Pölzl; 12 August 1860 – 21 December 1907) was the mother of Adolf Hitler, dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. According to the family physician, Eduard Bloch, she was a quiet, sweet, and affectionate person.^[1] In 1934, Adolf Hitler honored his mother by naming a street in Passau after her.^[2]

Family background and marriage

Klara was born in the Austrian Empire village of Weitra to Johann Baptist Pölzl and Johanna Hiedler. In 1876, 16-year-old Klara was hired as a household servant by her relative Alois Hitler, three years after his first marriage to Anna Glasl-Hörer. Although Alois's biological father is unknown, after his mother, Maria Schicklgruber, married Johann Georg Hiedler, Alois was officially designated as Hiedler's son. Klara's mother was Hiedler's niece, making Klara and Alois first cousins once removed.

Alois's second wife, Franziska Matzelsberger, died in 1884. Klara and Alois married on 7 January 1885 in a brief ceremony held early in the morning at Hitler's rented rooms on the top floor of the Pommer Inn in Braunau am Inn.^[3]^[4] Alois then went to work for the day at his job as a customs official.

Their first son, Gustav, was born four months later, on 17 May 1885. Ida followed on 23 September 1886. Both infants died of diphtheria during the winter of 1887–88. A third child, Otto, was born and died in 1892. A third son, Adolf, was born on 20 April 1889.^[5]

In 1892, Klara and her family took the train to Passau, where they lived for the next two years.^[6] Edmund was born there on 24 March 1894. Paula followed on 21 January 1896. Edmund died of measles on 28 February 1900, at the age of five.^[7] Of Klara's six children, only Adolf and Paula survived to adulthood.

Klara's adult life was spent keeping house and raising children, in whom, according to Smith, Alois had little interest. She was very devoted to her children and, according to William Patrick Hitler, was a typical stepmother to her stepchildren, Alois, Jr. and Angela.^[1] She was a devout Roman Catholic and attended church regularly with her children.^[8]

Later life and death

When Alois died in 1903, he left a government pension. Klara sold the house in Leonding and moved with young Adolf and Paula to an apartment in Linz, where they lived frugally. In 1906, Klara discovered a lump in her breast but initially ignored it. After chest pain began keeping her awake at night, she consulted the family doctor, Eduard Bloch, in January 1907. She had been busy with her household, she said, so had neglected to seek medical aid. Bloch chose not to tell Klara that she had breast cancer and left it to Adolf to inform her. Bloch told Adolf that his mother had a small chance of surviving and recommended that she undergo a radical mastectomy.

The Hitlers were devastated by the news. According to Bloch, Klara "accepted the verdict as I was sure she would—with fortitude. Deeply religious, she assumed that her fate was God's will. It would never occur to her to complain."^[9] She underwent the mastectomy at Sisters of St. Mercy in Linz, whereupon the surgeon, Karl Urban, discovered that the cancer had already metastasized to the pleural tissue in her chest. Bloch told Klara's children that her condition was terminal. Adolf, who had been in Vienna ostensibly to study art, moved back home to tend to his mother, as did his siblings.

By October, Klara's condition had rapidly declined, and Adolf begged Bloch to try a new treatment. For the next 46 days (from November to early December), Bloch performed daily treatments of iodoform, a then experimental form of chemotherapy. Klara's mastectomy incisions were reopened, and massive doses of iodoform-soaked gauze were applied directly to the tissue to "burn" the cancer cells. The treatments were incredibly painful and caused Klara's throat to paralyze, leaving her unable to swallow.^[9] The treatments proved futile, and Klara Hitler died at home in Linz from the toxic side effects of iodoform on 21 December 1907.^[10] She was buried in Leonding, near Linz.

Adolf, who had a close relationship with his mother, was devastated by her death and carried the grief for the rest of his life. Bloch later recalled, "In all my career, I have never seen anyone so prostrate with grief as Adolf Hitler."^[11]^[12] In his autobiography Mein Kampf, Hitler wrote that he had "honored my father but loved my mother"^[13] and that his mother's death was a "dreadful blow".^[11] Decades later, in 1940, Hitler showed gratitude to Bloch, who was Jewish, for treating his mother, by allowing him to emigrate with his wife from Austria to the United States, a privilege allowed to few other Jews in Austria.^[14]^[15]

In 1941 and 1943, the Office of Strategic Services (a predecessor of the Central Intelligence Agency) interviewed Bloch to gain information about Hitler's childhood. He said that Hitler's most striking feature was his love for his mother:

While Hitler was not a mother's boy in the usual sense, I never witnessed a closer attachment. Their love had been mutual. Klara Hitler adored her son. She allowed him his own way whenever possible. For example, she admired his watercolor paintings and drawings and supported his artistic ambitions in opposition to his father, at what cost to herself one may guess.

Bloch expressly denied that Hitler's love for his mother was pathological.^[16] He remembered Hitler as the "saddest man I had ever seen" when he was informed about his mother's imminent death, and viewed Klara as a "pious and kind" woman who "would turn in her grave if she knew what became of him".^[17]

Removal of tombstone

On 28 March 2012, a descendant of Alois Hitler removed, without ceremony, the tombstone marking his and Klara's grave in Town Cemetery in Leonding, according to Kurt Pittertschatscher, the pastor of the parish. The descendant is said to be an elderly female relative of Alois's first wife, Anna, who has also given up any rights to the rented burial plot. It is not known what happened to the remains.^[18]

In popular culture

In the "I Ain't No Holodeck Boy" episode of the animated TV series American Dad! (season 10, episode 13, first broadcast March 23, 2014), a main plot point revolves around a video game called Nazi Natal Nightmare, in which the players try to kill Adolf while he is still unborn in Klara's womb. Roald Dahl's short story "Genesis and Catastrophe: A True Story" is a fictional account of Klara immediately after giving birth to Adolf, in which she worries about his health and laments the deaths of her three previous children. Although the story stays true to Klara's biography, including the names of her late children, her identity as "Frau Hitler" is not revealed for several pages, providing a macabre twist ending typical of Dahl's adult stories.

References

Notes

^ ^a ^b "The Mind of Adolf Hitler", Walter C Langer, New York 1972 p. 116
^ Anna Rosmus: Hitlers Nibelungen, Samples Grafenau 2015, pp. 93f
^ Gunther, John (1940). Inside Europe. New York: Harper & Brothers. p. 21.
^ Payne, Robert (1973). The Life and Death of Adolf Hitler. New York: Praeger. p. 12. The marriage took place early in the morning, and Klara is said to have complained: 'We were married at six o'clock in the morning, and my husband was already at work at seven.'
^ Rosenberg, Jennifer. "Adolf Hitler's Family Tree". ThoughtCo. Retrieved 12 March 2019.
^ Anna Rosmus: Hitlers Nibelungen, Samples Grafenau 2015
^ Vermeeren, Mar, De jeugd van Adolf Hitler 1889–1907 en zijn familie en voorouders, Soesterberg, 2007, Uitgeverij Aspekt, ISBN 978-90-5911-606-1 (Note: source carried forward and only presumed reliable)
^ "[She] was completely devoted to the faith and teachings of Catholicism..." Smith, p. 42
^ ^a ^b Olson, James S (5 January 2005). Bathsheba's Breast: Women, Cancer, and History. JHU Press. p. 94. ISBN 978-0-801-88064-3.
^ "Rise of Hitler: Hitler's Mother Dies". The History Place. 14 January 1907. Retrieved 23 August 2012.
^ ^a ^b Kershaw 2008, p. 15.
^ Owens Zalampas, Sherree (1 January 1990). Adolf Hitler: A Psychological Interpretation of His Views on Architecture, Art, and Music (2nd ed.). Popular Press. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-742-55716-1.
^ Bergen, Doris L. (16 February 2009). War and Genocide: A Concise History of the Holocaust. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 31. ISBN 978-0-393-07562-5.
^ Rosenbaum, Ron (1977) Explaining Hitler New York: Harper Perennial. p.243. ISBN 0-06-095339-X Quote: [T]he medical case book of Dr. Eduard Bloch ... had been procured by the Gestapo from Bloch in 1938 along with various other Hitler memorabilia (including those affectionate postcards from young Adolf} before Bloch left Linz for America – indeed, it turned out, as a condition for Bloch getting the precious exit visa denied to almost all the other doomed Jews of Austria."
^ "Adolf Hitler: Biography". Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 23 August 2012.
^ Brigitte Hamann; Hans Mommsen (3 August 2010). Hitler's Vienna: A Portrait of the Tyrant as a Young Man. Tauris Parke Paperbacks. p. 20-21. ISBN 978-1-84885-277-8. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
^ "Sie würde sich im Grabe herumdrehen, wenn sie wüsste, was aus ihm geworden ist." Office of Strategic Services, Hitler Source Book, Interview With Dr. Eduard Bloch 5 March 1943
^ "Adolf Hitler parents' tombstone in Austria removed". BBC. 30 March 2012. Retrieved 4 December 2014.

Bibliography

Bullock, Alan (1953) Hitler: A Study in Tyranny New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 0-06-092020-3
Fest, Joachim C. (1973) Hitler. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-394-72023-7
Kershaw, Ian (1999) Hitler 1889–1936: Hubris. New York: Norton. ISBN 0-393-04671-0
Kershaw, Ian (2008). Hitler: A Biography. New York: Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-06757-6.
Langer, Walter C. (1972) The Mind of Adolf Hitler. New York: Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-04620-7 ASIN: B000CRPF1K
Maser, Werner (1973) Hitler: Legend, Myth and Reality. New York: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-06-012831-3
Rosmus, Anna (2015) Hitlers Nibelungen. Samples Grafenau ISBN 978-3-938401-32-3
Smith, Bradley F. (1967, reprint: 1979) Adolf Hitler: His Family, Childhood and Youth, Stanford, California: Hoover Institution Press ISBN 0-8179-1622-9
Vermeeren, Marc {2007) De jeugd van Adolf Hitler 1889–1907 en zijn familie en voorouders. Soesterberg: Uitgeverij Aspekt.ISBN 978-90-5911-606-1