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The Kotwal also spelled as Cotwal, or Kotval, was a title used in medieval and early modern period for the leader of a Kot or fort. Kotwals often controlled the fort of a major town or an area of smaller towns on behalf of another ruler. It was similar in function to a British IndianZaildar[1] From Mughal times the title was given to the local ruler of a large town and the surrounding area. However, the title is also used for leaders in small villages as well. Kotwal has also been translated as Chief police officer.[2] The post of Kotwal was known since ancient times as Kota pala who was the chief of Police.[3]
Among members of the Kolicaste, Kotwal is a title, derived from the occupation of fort-keepers or protectors of forts and village leader.[4][5] Even when a Koli man retired as a Kotwal, he and his descendants would use "Kotwal" as a surname as it signified prestige.[6] Kolis were Kotwal from the times of Mughal rule in Gujarat[7] and were hereditary Kotwal of the royal palaces of Rajkot, Morvi and BhavnagarPrincely states.[8] Kolis of Maharashtra also served as Kotwal in Ahmadnagar Sultanate and controlled the forts.[9]
