Share to: share facebook share twitter share wa share telegram print page

LGBTQ rights in Tennessee

LGBTQ rights in Tennessee
Tennessee (US)
StatusLegal since 1996
(Campbell v. Sundquist)
Gender identityblocked by the Vital Records Act of 1977
Discrimination protectionsSexual orientation and gender identity in employment only federally since 2020, enforcement blocked by the Equal Access to Intrastate Commerce Act, and also its enforcement is additionally blocked by a state court ruling.[1]
Family rights
Recognition of relationshipsSame-sex marriage since 2015
AdoptionLegal since 2007

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) people in the U.S. state of Tennessee may experience some legal challenges that non-LGBTQ residents do not.[2][3] Same-sex sexual activity has been legal in the state since 1996. Marriage licenses have been issued to same-sex couples in Tennessee since the Supreme Court ruling in Obergefell v. Hodges on June 26, 2015.

Sodomy law

The Tennessee Court of Appeals ruled unanimously that the state's sodomy statute was unconstitutional in 1996 in the case of Campbell v. Sundquist.[4]

In November 2023, the city of Murfreesboro within Rutherford County, Tennessee formally removed "homosexuality" from its local ordinance that criminalizes it[5][6] after being ordered to do so by U.S. District Judge Waverly D. Crenshaw on October 20, 2023.[7] The ruling stated that the city "shall not" enforce any code that uses the term "homosexuality" in the definition of "sexual conduct".[7] The Tennessee Equality Project had an ongoing suit in the matter,[8] which has since settled.[9] (See Drag Performances § City of Murfreesboro for more information.)

Recognition of same-sex relationships

Main article: Same-sex marriage in Tennessee

Marriage

Prior to the Obergefell v. Hodges ruling by the U.S. Supreme Court, Tennessee recognized neither same-sex marriages nor any other form of same sex-unions. The state banned same-sex marriage both by statute and by constitutional amendment.

In March 2023, the state house passed HB 878 to allow government employees to refuse to solemnize a marriage that went against their personal beliefs.[10] On February 21, 2024, the Governor signed into law the one page bill.[11][12]

House Bill 1111

Main article: House Bill 1111 (110th General Assembly of the Tennessee General Assembly)

Domestic partnership

Map of Tennessee counties and cities that offer domestic partner benefits either county-wide or in particular cities.
  City offers domestic partner benefits
  County-wide partner benefits through domestic partnership
  County or city does not offer domestic partner benefits

The cities of Collegedale[13] and Knoxville[14] together with the Metropolitan Area of Nashville and Davidson County[15][16] have enacted domestic partnership benefits for same-sex couples. The Chattanooga City Council voted to allow domestic partnerships in 2013, but this was repealed by voters in August 2014.[17] However, same-sex marriages have been available throughout Tennessee since the June 2015 Supreme Court ruling overturning same-sex marriage bans nationwide.

Adoption and parenting

Tennessee allows single persons to adopt children. Same-sex couples may legally adopt in the state. In 2007, the Tennessee Attorney General released an opinion that no state law prohibited adoption by same-sex couples and that such adoptions could be made if in the child's best interest.[18]

In January 2020, the Tennessee General Assembly, returning for its first session of the year, immediately passed a bill to allow adoption and welfare agencies to reject LGBTQ parents if the agency cited its “sincerely held religious beliefs." The exemption would protect the agencies from liability and lawsuits.[19][20] 13 other US jurisdictions have similar laws.[21] Governor Bill Lee signed the bill into law, and it took effect immediately.[19][20]

In April 2024, Governor Lee signed the Tennessee Foster and Adoptive Parent Protection Act allowing individuals who do not support LGBTQ rights to adopt or foster LGBTQ children within the Tennessee foster care system, eliminating a 10-year policy that protected the "dignity and respect" of all children in DCS custody.[21] Opponents have stated that the bill is in violation of a federal rule enacted in 2023,[22] pointing out that the language of the bill doesn't allow for the child to express their preference.[23] Under the Act, LGBTQ children could potentially be placed with individuals wanting to subject them to conversion therapy.[23] Before its passage, Aftyn Behn called the bill discriminatory and stated that its very name implied the parents need protection from the children they've agreed to foster.[24]

Discrimination protections

Further information: LGBT employment discrimination in the United States
Map of Tennessee counties and cities that have sexual orientation and/or gender identity anti–employment discrimination ordinances circa 2016
  Sexual orientation and gender identity solely in public employment
  Sexual orientation in public employment
  Does not protect sexual orientation and gender identity in employment

State and federal

Tennessee law does not prohibit discrimination of the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity.[25] Since 2020, the federal protections stemming from the Supreme Court's rulings in Bostock v. Clayton County and R.G. & G.R. Harris Funeral Homes Inc. v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission have been available in Tennessee.

This was followed in January 2021 by executive orders from the Biden administration, enabling sanctions against schools and colleges that did not follow the directives of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission or Department of Education on the protection of gay, lesbian and transgender students. Allowed actions against non-complying schools included legal action, civil penalties and withholding of federal funding. Twenty state-attorneys general joined a suit against enforcement of the executive order and on July 15, 2022, a federal judge of the Eastern District of Tennessee issued a preliminary injunction, temporarily preventing the two agencies from enforcing their directives under the presidential order. The federal discrimination protections still apply in all twenty states, only the specific enforcements outlined in the executive order are temporarily blocked, pending continuing legal proceedings.[26][27]

Local

The cities of Knoxville,[28] Memphis,[29] Franklin, Chattanooga[30] and the Metropolitan Area of Nashville and Davidson County[31] have ordinances prohibiting discrimination in public employment on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity, but these ordinances do not apply to private employers.[32] The Equal Access to Interstate Commerce Act blocks this from being enforced.

HB 563

This "local preemption" bill would prevent government agencies from examining a business's anti-discrimination policies when deciding whether to hire that business for a taxpayer-funded contract. A scheduled vote in the Tennessee House was rescheduled from March 14, 2019, to March 21.[33]

Equal Access to Intrastate Commerce Act

Main article: Equal Access to Intrastate Commerce Act

Senate Bill 1556

Main article: Senate Bill 1556 (109th General Assembly of the Tennessee General Assembly)

R.G. & G.R. Harris Funeral Homes v. EEOC

Main article: R.G. & G.R. Harris Funeral Homes Inc. v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

On March 7, 2018, the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit (covering Kentucky, Michigan, Ohio and Tennessee) ruled that Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits employment discrimination against transgender people under the category of sex. It also ruled that employers may not use the Religious Freedom Restoration Act to justify discrimination against LGBTQ people. Aimee Stephens, a transgender woman, began working for a funeral home and presented as male. In 2013, she told her boss that she was transgender and planned to transition. She was promptly fired by her boss who said that "gender transition violat[es] God's commands because a person's sex is an immutable God-given fit."[34] With this decision, discrimination in the workplace based on gender identity is now banned in Tennessee.

An appeal to the case was heard by the Supreme Court, argued on October 7, 2019, term under R.G. & G.R. Harris Funeral Homes Inc. v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. It was assigned docket number 17-1618, and decided on June 14, 2020. The finding was that employers firing individuals merely for being LGBTQ+ violate Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 in so doing.[35][36] The case was decided 6 to 3.

State of TN, et. al. v USDA, et. al.

On July 26, 2022, Brandon J. Smith, Chief of Staff for then Attorney General and Reporter of Tennessee Herbert H Slatery III, signed a court filing of a lawsuit wherein the states of Tennessee, Indiana, Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Georgia, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Utah, Virginia, and West Virginia all sued the US federal government, specifically the US Department of Agriculture; Cindy Long, the Administrator of Food and Nutrition Service at the USDA; and Roberto Contreras, the Director of Food and Nutrition Service Civil Rights Division at the USDA.[37] At issue was Executive Order 13988, signed January 20, 2021. The order prevented discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity, a blanket directive to comply with the Bostock SCOTUS decision.[38]

Pursuant to that executive order, the USDA issued a policy update on May 5, 2022. Memo CRD 01-2022 set forth policies to make certain that no discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity takes place when states process applications for SNAP benefits.[39]

The above named states sued the USDA claiming that implementing the nondiscrimination policy would put an undue burden on the states, specifically relying on the requirements of the Administrative Procedures Act and the fact that the states were not given opportunity to comment prior to the USDA policy memo being implemented.[40] It also argued that the USDA was trying to circumvent Congress and write law.[41]

U.S. District Judge Travis R. McDonough decided the case on March 29, 2023, ruling that the plaintiff states were exaggerating the issues at hand. The ruling states, "Does a regulation interpreting [7 U.S.C. § 2011, et seq., and 20 U.S.C. § 1681, et seq.] to prohibit such food assistance discrimination upend everything from free speech and religious freedom to living facilities and sports teams? Plaintiff States insist they do, but the Court disagrees."[42] He went on to grant the USDA's motion to dismiss the case, at one point saying, “This case is about food stamps and nutrition education, not bathrooms, sports teams, free speech, or religious exercise,” and continuing, "Plaintiff States’ insistence to the contrary is no more than an invitation to join a political discussion untethered to applicable statutes and precedent.”[42][43]

As of March 2023, current Tennessee AG Jonathan Skrmetti's office is considering an appeal.[43] On April 18, 2023, a motion was filed for Attorney General Eric Hamilton to appear pro hac vice. The motion was granted.[44]

Hate crime law

Tennessee law has punished hate crime on the basis of sexual orientation since 2001. The law does not explicitly include gender identity, though it is covered by federal law.[45] Tennessee Attorney General Herbert H. Slatery stated in February 2019 that hate crime laws implicitly cover gender identity, because gender or sex is explicitly covered in Tennessee hate crime legislation - a legal first for a southern US state.[46]

The opinion was issued in response to a query by Representative Mike Stewart (D-Nashville), who asked, "If a defendant selects the person against whom he commits a crime because the person is transgender, may a court enhance the defendant’s sentence under § 40-35-114(17)?"[47] The question was raised in response to state Senator Sara Kyle filing a bill in the Tennessee Senate in 2018 to explicitly add gender identity to the hate crime statute. After the opinion, Stewart told reporters, "Let's see how the courts actually utilize the law in practice and let's see how much protection it provides."[48]

AG Slatery's formal opinion stated that a crime committed against someone because they are transgender is covered under the queried statute, as, "a crime committed against a person because that person manifests a gender that is different than his or her biological gender at birth—i.e. a crime committed against a person because he or she is transgender—is thus necessarily committed because of, at least in part, the person’s gender."[47][49][50]

The Tennessee Bureau of Investigation's hate crime statistics report from 2019 through 2021 records 0 incidents against transgender persons in 2019, 1 in 2020, and 2 in 2021.[51] The numbers might be underreported, however, as the DOJ records at least 1 crime committed against a Tennessean as a result of their gender identity in 2019.[52] It is also possible that intersecting regulations cause crimes that would qualify as hate crimes to not be investigated as such.[53]

Gender identity and expression

Further information: Vital Records Act of 1977

Identity documents

In 1977, the Tennessee state legislature prohibited the state from altering the sex on a birth certificate. According to the Tenn. Code Ann. § 68-3-203(d): “The sex of an individual shall not be changed on the original certificate of birth as a result of sex change surgery."[54][55]

In 2023, Governor Lee signed into law a definition of the term "sex" which, under Tennessee law, is "determined by the anatomy and genetics existing at the time of birth."[56] The ACLU filed suit on April 23, 2024 in Davidson County on behalf of a transgender woman who legally transitioned and was denied the right to change her gender as it appears on her driver's license by the Tennessee Department of Safety and Homeland Security.[57]

Medical care

In March 2020, before the House adjourned during the coronavirus health crisis, it had been considering HB 2576[58] and HB 2827,[59] targeting medical care for transgender youth. On May 17, 2021, Governor Lee signed into law a ban on puberty blockers for prepubescent children that went into immediate effect.[60]

In February 2023, the ban was expanded to make it illegal to provide gender-affirming healthcare to any trans person under 18, both in-state and via telehealth from out of state. Governor Lee signed the bill into law on March 1, 2023, alongside the Tennessee Adult Entertainment Act.[61][62]

Under the law, no minors could begin receiving gender-affirming care after July 1, 2023, and minors who had already begun receiving gender-affirming care prior to that date would have that care entirely withdrawn by March 31, 2024. People who receive gender-affirming care as minors and who later regret it will be able to sue their parents, guardians, and physicians.[63][64][65] The law also allows the Tennessee Attorney General to sue any healthcare professional providing such care to be sued for $25,000.[62][66]

On April 26, 2023, the United States Department of Justice joined the ACLU and Lambda Legal in suing the state of Tennessee, asking the court to declare the healthcare ban unconstitutional.[67][68][69][70] A federal court issued a partial temporary injunction on June 28, 2023,[71] saying, "If Tennessee wishes to regulate access to certain medical procedures, it must do so in a manner that does not infringe on the rights conferred by the United States Constitution, which is of course supreme to all other laws of the land."[72] By June 30, Skrmetti had filed a motion with the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals to obtain a stay on the District Court's judgement.[73] The emergency appeal was granted by Judge Sutton, halting Judge Richardson's ruling from taking effect.[74]

On July 8, 2023, the ruling from the District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee was temporarily reversed.[75][76][77][78] One of the reasons cited for removing the injunction was the Dobbs case; another was that the court said it saw no evidence that the treatment at issue is "deeply rooted in our history and traditions."[79][80] The dissenting justice, Judge White, said that she believed the law to be unconstitutional and because of that she would have only narrowed the scope of the injunction rather than issued a stay as the Appellate Court chose to do.[81]

Judge Sutton also noted that this is a preliminary ruling, acknowledging, "We may be wrong."[82] He has set a goal for resolving the case by September 30, 2023.[83] Some have already considered that this case is likely to end up before SCOTUS.[84][85]

See also: Jonathan Skrmetti § VUMC investigation

In June 2023, the Attorney General's office mandated that Vanderbilt University Medical Center turn over the medical records of all patients referred to the transgender clinic for gender-affirming care. AG Skrmetti has stated that the investigation is into allegations of fraud following videos and tweets posted by Matt Walsh.[86][87] VUMC complied.[88][89][90] Two patients sued.[91][92] Separately, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services is investigating on the basis of federal civil rights laws.[93]

In May 2024, Governor Lee signed a bill into law that would apply civil penalties to adults who help a minor receive gender-affirming care.[94]

The U.S. Supreme Court agreed on 24 June 2024 to review the legality of Tennessee's Republican-backed ban on gender-affirming medical care for transgender minors, following an appeal by President Biden's administration. The challengers argued the ban violated the U.S. Constitution's 14th Amendment's equal protection and due process clauses. Similar bans in other states claim to protect children from harmful treatments, while medical associations support gender-affirming care as essential. Plaintiffs, including transgender minors and their parents, sued to defend the treatments. The decision follows a 6th Circuit Court ruling that upheld the ban, reversing a federal judge's previous injunction.[95]

Prison

In April 2024, the Tennessee State Legislature passed a bill to ban gender affirming care for Tennessee inmates.[96]

Bathrooms

On May 2, 2019, Governor Lee signed into law legislation defining a trans person using the bathroom corresponding with their gender identity as "indecent exposure." The Tennessee Equality Project had complained about the bill's original language, and although that language was altered before it became law, the organization still believed the bill was harmful to trans people.[97]

In May 2021, Governor Lee signed two other bathroom bills.[98] It banned transgender students from using bathrooms within public schools and required small businesses to post warning signs if they allow transgender people in multiperson bathrooms. Small-business owners faced up to 6 months jail for noncompliance.[99][100][101]

Davidson County District Attorney General Glenn Funk said his office would not dedicate any resources to enforcing the legislation, stating that his office "will not promote hate."[102] The ACLU filed suit on behalf of two business owners in Tennessee in June 2021.[103][104]

Although the law took effect on July 1, 2021, US District Judge Aleta A. Trauger issued an injunction on July 9, 2021[105][106][107][108] and struck it down entirely in May 2022, partly on the grounds that it violated business owners' First Amendment rights.[109][110]

The 2021 Tennessee law went farther than 2016 North Carolina legislation that, due to economic and social damage, North Carolina repealed in 2019.[111][112][113][114][115]

Public schools

Athletics

When the Tennessee state legislature reconvened in May 2020 during the coronavirus health crisis, the House moved HB 1572[116] and HB 1689[117] targeting transgender student athletes. The Senate also had the ability to move SB 1736[118] (its version of HB 1689), as this had been under consideration before the Legislature adjourned in March 2020.

On March 26, 2021, Governor Lee signed a bill to ban transgender youth from school athletic sports.[119] The bill had passed the Tennessee Senate on March 1 (the vote was 27–6)[120] and the Tennessee House of Representatives on March 22 (the voice vote was 71–16 with 5 abstentions).[121] The ACLU is representing a Farragut High School student in the matter;[122] suit was filed on November 4, 2021.[123] Judge Waverly D. Crenshaw ordered a partial grant of summary judgement that enjoins the school against enforcing the Gender in Athletics Law or revised policy I-171 to prevent the student from playing boys' interscholastic golf on March 29, 2024.[124] As of May 1, 2024, the case is ongoing.[125]

On April 22, 2022, Governor Lee signed into law Public Chapter 1005 of the Tennessee Code mandating that parents wanting their children to participate in sports in public schools provide evidence of the gender assigned at birth.[126] Any school not taking measures to comply with the law could have funding withheld.[127][128]

Bathroom lawsuits

In August 2021, several lawsuits were filed in both state and federal courts and to also "sue the whole state of Tennessee" - to put a stop the enforcement of the public school bathroom law within Tennessee that went into effect on July 1, 2021.[129][130]

Mandatory parental permission opt-in law

In April 2021, a bill passed the Tennessee General Assembly that legally requires mandatory parental permission opt-in - before their child or children is being taught about "sexual orientation and gender identity sex education subject curriculum choices and theories" within classrooms in all Tennessee public schools. Governor Lee signed the bill into law in May 2021.[131][132][133][134][135][136]

Pronoun use in classrooms

In May 2023, Tennessee enacted Public Chapter 448 which prohibits teachers from being sued civilly and shields them from disciplinary action by the school should they use a pronoun to address a student which does not reflect the student's gender identity, but rather the gender present on the student's birth certificate.[137] A fiscal note attached to the bill warned that its enactment could potentially cost Tennessee federal funding for education.[138]

Mandatory outing of students who want a new name or pronoun

In May 2024, a law took effect (immediately upon Governor Bill Lee's signature) to require schools to notify parents if their child asks to be called by a different name or pronoun.[139][140] A teacher who becomes aware of such a request must report it to an administrator who must report it to the parents.[141] Any parent (or AG Skrmetti) may sue the school district for noncompliance.[141][142]

Tennessee House Representative Mary Littleton claimed that the law would enable parents to obtain therapy for LGBTQ youth to "help them solve their problems."[142] A representative of the Tennessee Equality Project stated that the communities affected by the legislation were not consulted on it.[140]

Proposal to ban LGBTQ Pride Flags

On Monday, February 26, 2024, the Tennessee House of Representatives passed a bill that would ban the display of pride flags in public school classrooms.[143] Nashville public radio reported that Speaker McNally found the language of the bill Constitutionally questionable and stated that he had asked for guidance from AG Skrmetti.[144] The bill passed through the Senate's Education Committee on a narrow 5-4 vote to be presented to the Senate for vote on passage.[145]

The Tennessee Senate voted against the bill on April 23, 2024.[146]

Drag performances

Main article: Tennessee Adult Entertainment Act
See also: Friends of George's v. State of Tennessee

Shelby County - starting in March 2023

In November 2022, the Tennessee General Assembly prefiled a bill to redefine the legal definition of "adult cabaret performance" to ban any "male or female impersonators" from any public property or anywhere they could be seen by someone who's not an adult, under criminal penalty. Instructor Alejandra Caraballo of Harvard Law School was quoted as saying the bill could easily "be applied to trans people for simply existing as themselves", and that, "They're not just going after drag queens, they are trying to criminalize trans and queer people in public spaces."[147] In February 2023, both houses of the state legislature passed the bill, sending it to the Governor.[148][149] During a subsequent protest over the bill, two people - one trans woman, and one drag queen - were arrested by Memphis Police after shouting "Drag is not a crime" and "Bill Lee is a Nazi".[150] The bill was signed into law in March 2023.[151]

Memphis DA Steven J. Mulroy called the anti-drag bill "ill advised". He also stated that while enforcing it, he wouldn't focus on it.[152] In March, hours before the bill would be enacted, Judge Thomas Parker of United States District Court for the Western District of Tennessee halted the bill to review it. The judge questioned the bill and its lack of qualifications, stating, "The law prohibits a drag performer wearing a crop top and mini skirt from dancing where minors might see it, but does not prohibit a Tennessee Titans cheerleader wearing an identical outfit from performing the exact same dance in front of children."[153] In June 2023, Judge Parker formally declared the law unconstitutional as vague and overbroad.[154]

Tennessee's Attorney General, Jonathan Skrmetti, filed a Notice of Appeal in June 2023.[155][156] Oral arguments were heard in the case on February 1, 2024. There is no schedule yet for a decision.[157]

Blount County - starting in August 2023

Skrmetti has also offered his legal opinion that Judge Parker's ruling is only valid for Shelby County and that the law remains in effect for the rest of the state.[158] In deference to that opinion, Blount County District Attorney Ryan K. Desmond issued a letter to Blount Pride and organizer Flamy Grant in August 2023. It advised that the Pride celebration scheduled for September was illegal under Tennessee law.[159] The ACLU of Tennessee filed suit on behalf of Blount Pride on August 30, 2023[160] and US. District Judge J. Ronnie Greer issued an injunction on September 1, 2023.[161][162] Greer pointed out in his decision that DA Desmond agreed in his court filings that the event posted no threat to children.[163] The case is still pending.

City of Murfreesboro ordinance

In October 2023, the City of Murfreesboro passed ordinance 23-O-22 which used the wording already existing in the city's laws to arguably criminalize being homosexual in public.[6][164] The ACLU of Tennessee filed suit on behalf of the Tennessee Equality Project.[165][166] The suit also alleges that city officials have engaged in a year-long concerted effort of harassment to prevent members of the Tennessee Equality Project from exercising their First Amendment rights.[167][168] The case is being heard by U.S. District Judge Waverly D. Crenshaw, who issued an order on October 20, 2023 stating that the city "shall not" enforce code that included the term "homosexuality" in a definition of "sexual conduct".[7]

The city council voted to remove the term "homosexuality" from the law itself, but the amendment doing so didn't go into effect until November 17, 2023.[6][169]

The city did use the ordinance to remove at least four LGBTQ+ books from the Linebaugh public Library system, as well as to institute a tiered organizational system that won't allow certain material to be checked out by anyone under a certain age without parental permission.[6][164] The case settled on February 7, 2024, with the City of Murfreesboro agreeing to pay $500,000 and to repeal the ordinance, with both parties agreeing to file for dismissal of the case.[9]

Living conditions

LGBTQ people are often discriminated against,[170] refused service,[171] and beaten.[172][173][174][175][176][177] Attackers who fatally wound LGBTQ people could use the gay/trans panic defense to lower or eliminate punishment.[178] Often police and legal officials are sympathetic towards the anti-LGBT aggressors and turn a blind eye to attacks[179] often calling homosexual attractions a sin.[180]

Economic impact on Tennessee

In April 2021, it was reported that widespread economic and social impacts on Tennessee could be felt - due to the amount of anti-LGBT bills and laws within Tennessee (like a similar situation back in 2016 within North Carolina regarding the bathroom laws).[181]

Summary table

Same-sex sexual activity legal Yes (Since 1996)
Equal age of consent (18) Yes (Since 1996)
Anti-discrimination laws in employment Yes Federally protected since SCOTUS 2020 ruling in the Bostock v. Clayton County case
Anti-discrimination laws in housing No (Prohibited by the Equal Access to Intrastate Commerce Act since 2011)
Anti-discrimination laws in public accommodations No (Prohibited by the Equal Access to Intrastate Commerce Act since 2011)
Anti-discrimination laws in the provision of goods and services No (Prohibited by the Equal Access to Intrastate Commerce Act since 2011)
Anti-discrimination laws in schools and colleges No (Prohibited by the Equal Access to Intrastate Commerce Act since 2011) also even though it's federal law the enforcement is also blocked by a Tennessee judge[1]
LGBT Anti-bullying law in schools No (Only in Nashville and Memphis) (Prohibited by the Equal Access to Intrastate Commerce Act since 2011)
Hate crime laws include sexual orientation No (Only in Nashville and Memphis) (Prohibited by the Equal Access to Intrastate Commerce Act since 2011)
Hate crime laws include gender identity or expression No One legal opinion claims it's protected, but this is just an opinion, it's not officially put in law.
Transgender persons in prisons, jails, juvenile detentions, etc. required to be housed according to their gender identity and coverage of transition healthcare No
Gender confirmation surgery, puberty blockers, hormone replacement therapy and other transition-related healthcare for transgender people required to be covered under health insurance and state Medicaid policies No
Transgender people allowed to use restrooms and other gender-segregated spaces that correspond with their gender identity No (HB 1151, passed in 2019, Defines a trans person using the bathroom or locker-room of their gender identity as "indecent exposure" and technically makes transgender people using the bathroom of their gender identity a Class B Misdemeanor)
Transgender people allowed to participate in the sport of their gender identity No Blocked by Law SB 0228 [182]
Gender-neutral bathrooms No
Same-sex marriages Yes (federally since 2015; TN Public Chapter 511 allows public officials to refuse to solemnize a marriage as of February 21, 2024)[12]
Stepchild adoption by same-sex couples No Yes, blocked by moral exemptions allowing LGBT to be rejected for religious reasons
Joint adoption by same-sex couples No Yes, blocked by moral exemptions allowing LGBT to be rejected for religious reasons
Access to IVF for lesbians No
Surrogacy arrangements legal for gay male couples No Yes, blocked by moral exemptions allowing LGBT to be rejected for religious reasons
Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual people allowed to serve openly in the military Yes (Since 2011)
Transgender people allowed to serve openly in the military Yes (Since 2021)[183]
Transvestites allowed to serve openly in the military No (Cross-dressing banned in the military since 2012)[184]
Intersex people allowed to serve openly in the military No (Current DoD policy bans "hermaphrodites" from serving or enlisting in the military)
Right to change legal gender Yes
Third gender option No
LGBT education No
Gay panic defense abolished No
Conversion therapy banned No
Intersex minors protected from invasive surgical procedures No
Homosexuality declassified as a mental illness Yes (Since 1973)
Transgender identity declassified as a mental illness No (Reclassified as "gender dysphoria" under DSM-5 since 2013, and diagnosis of gender dysphoria is usually required in order to access transition care)[185]
Intersex sex characteristics declassified as a physical deformity No
MSMs allowed to donate blood Yes/No (Since 2020, 3 month deferral period - federal policy)[186]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Tennessee Federal Judge Blocks Biden Administration LGBTQ Protections". July 18, 2022.
  2. ^ Noyce, Eleanor (February 9, 2024). "Tennessee city ordered to pay half a million dollars in damages after banning Pride and drag shows". PinkNews. Retrieved February 9, 2024.
  3. ^ Lavietes, Matt. "New Tennessee law allows officials to refuse to perform same-sex marriages". NBC News. Retrieved February 23, 2024.
  4. ^ "Campbell v. Sundquist 926 S.W.2d 255". American Psychological Association. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  5. ^ Browning, Bil (November 21, 2023). "Tennessee town decriminalizes public homosexuality". LGBTQ Nation. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
  6. ^ a b c d Hamblin, Brianna (November 18, 2023). "City of Murfreesboro amends ordinance banning public homosexuality". News Channel 5 Nashville. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
  7. ^ a b c Broden, Scott (November 16, 2023). "'Homosexuality' is now legal in Murfreesboro, city leaders decide in response to lawsuit". The Daily News Journal. Archived from the original on November 16, 2023. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
  8. ^ "Tennessee Equality Project Foundation, Inc. v. The City of Murfreesboro, Tennessee et al". Justia Dockets & Filings. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
  9. ^ a b Yingling, Madeline (February 9, 2024). "Tennessee city must pay $500K in settlement with ACLU over drag ban". The Jurist. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
  10. ^ "TN bill that allows government employees to refuse solemnizing marriages passes House, deferred in Senate committee". WBIR-TV. March 15, 2023. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  11. ^ Lavietes, Matt (February 22, 2024). "New Tennessee law allows officials to refuse to perform same-sex marriages". NBC News. Retrieved May 1, 2024.
  12. ^ a b Ferlita, Gabriella (February 29, 2024). "Tennessee overturns equal right to marriage, sparking concern for gay couples". PinkNews. Retrieved May 1, 2024.
  13. ^ Birch, Joe (August 6, 2013). Blow, Ashli (ed.). "Collegedale first TN city to offer benefits to same-sex domestic partners". WMC-TV. Archived from the original on October 23, 2013. Retrieved October 22, 2013.
  14. ^ Wigdahl, Heidi (October 17, 2013). "Knoxville expanding employee benefits to same-sex, domestic partners". WBIR. Archived from the original on October 20, 2013. Retrieved October 22, 2013.
  15. ^ Cass, Michael (June 17, 2014). "Metro Council approves domestic partner benefits". The Tennessean. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  16. ^ "Nashville | Mayor Signs Domestic Partner Benefits Into Law". www.nashville.gov. June 25, 2014. Archived from the original on August 11, 2014. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  17. ^ Brogdon, Louie (July 21, 2015). "Chattanooga City Council passes much-debated anti-discrimination ordinance". Chattanooga Times Free Press. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  18. ^ "Tennessee Adoption Law". Human Rights Campaign. December 14, 2009. Archived from the original on June 7, 2011.
  19. ^ a b Theresa Waldrop (January 25, 2020). "Tennessee governor signs bill allowing adoption agencies to reject LGBTQ applicants". CNN. Retrieved May 31, 2021.
  20. ^ a b "Tennessee governor says he will sign anti-gay adoption bill". NBC News. Associated Press. January 15, 2020. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  21. ^ a b Wadhwani, Anita (April 24, 2024). "Tenn. passes law giving legal rights to anti-LGBTQ parents to foster, adopt LGBTQ kids". Tennessee Lookout. Retrieved May 1, 2024.
  22. ^ 88 FR 66769
  23. ^ a b Wadhwani, Anita (March 22, 2024). "Senate approves bill establishing a right to foster, adopt by anti-LGBTQ parents in Tennessee". Tennessee Lookout. Retrieved May 1, 2024.
  24. ^ Kruesi, Kimberlee; Bedayn, Jesse (April 4, 2024). "LGBTQ+ foster youths could expect different experiences as Tennessee and Colorado pass opposing laws". AP News. Retrieved May 1, 2024.
  25. ^ "Public Chapter No. 278" (PDF). State of Tennessee. 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 11, 2011. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  26. ^ Satterfield, Jamie (July 19, 2022). "Tennessee Federal Judge Blocks Biden Administration LGBTQ Protections". news.yahoo.com. Retrieved July 19, 2022.
  27. ^
  28. ^ Witt, Gerald (May 1, 2012). "Knoxville City Council passes anti-discrimination ordinance". Knoxville News Sentinel. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  29. ^ "Memphis includes gays under anti-discrimination". OutSmart. Associated Press. October 18, 2012. Retrieved July 23, 2023. The Memphis City Council has included sexual orientation and gender identity in an ordinance that bans discrimination in city hiring.
  30. ^ Brogdon, Louie (July 21, 2015). "Chattanooga City Council passes much-debated anti-discrimination ordinance". Chattanooga Times Free Press. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  31. ^ "Statement of Non-Discrimination". Nashville.gov. Retrieved September 29, 2021.
  32. ^ Ridley, Jim (May 26, 2011). "By giving his approval to the noxious HB600, Gov. Bill Haslam sells out Tennessee to a far-right agenda". Nashville Scene. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  33. ^ "111th Tennessee General Assembly: HB0563". Tennessee General Assembly. 2019. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  34. ^ Mark Joseph Stern (March 7, 2018). "Businesses Can't Fire Trans Employees for Religious Reasons, Federal Appeals Court Rules in Landmark Decision". Slate. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  35. ^ "Bostock v. Clayton County, 590 U.S. ___ (2020)". Justia Law. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
  36. ^ Liptak, Adam (June 15, 2020). "Civil Rights Law Protects Gay and Transgender Workers, Supreme Court Rules". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
  37. ^ Smith, Brandon J (July 26, 2022). "Case 3:22-cv-00257 Document 1" (PDF). tn.gov. Retrieved July 26, 2023.
  38. ^ "Executive Order on Preventing and Combating Discrimination on the Basis of Gender Identity or Sexual Orientation". The White House. January 21, 2021. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
  39. ^ Contreras, Roberto (May 5, 2022). "Application of Bostock v. Clayton County to Program Discrimination Complaint Processing – Policy Update | Food and Nutrition Service. Memo CRD 01-2022". www.fns.usda.gov. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
  40. ^ Storey, Ty (July 26, 2022). "Alabama, Mississippi, 20 other states file lawsuit aimed at new SNAP, Title IX guidelines". ABC 11 Meridian. Retrieved July 26, 2023.
  41. ^ Winslow, Ben (June 28, 2022). "Utah joins lawsuit over anti-discrimination measures in school meal programs". Fox13 Now Salt Lake City. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
  42. ^ a b McDonough, Judge Travis R. (March 29, 2023). "Order on Motion to Dismiss for Failure to State a Claim AND Order on Motion for Preliminary Injunction AND Order on Motion to Dismiss/Lack of Jurisdiction | Tennessee v. U.S. Department of Agriculture E.D. Tenn | Civil Rights Litigation Clearinghouse". clearinghouse.net. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
  43. ^ a b Larson, Erik (March 29, 2023). "LGBTQ food stamp lawsuit by GOP states dismissed". Bloomberg News. Retrieved July 27, 2023 – via The Brunswick News.
  44. ^ "State of Tennessee v. U.S. Department of Agriculture, 3:22-cv-00257 - CourtListener.com". CourtListener. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
  45. ^ "Tennessee". Human Rights Campaign. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  46. ^ Burkholder, Katie (February 21, 2019). "Tennessee Becomes First Southern State With Hate Crime Protections for Trans People". The GA Voice. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  47. ^ a b Slatery, III, Herbert H. (February 8, 2019). "Opinion No. 19-01: Sentence Enhancement for Hate Crimes Against Transgender Individuals" (PDF). TN.gov. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
  48. ^ Allison, Natalie (February 14, 2019). "Tennessee becomes first state in the South with hate crime law protecting transgender people". The Tennessean. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
  49. ^ "Tenn. AG: Sentencing law applies to transgender hate crimes". News Channel 11, Johnson City. February 15, 2019. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
  50. ^ "Slatery: Transgender Individuals Covered Under Hate Crime Law - TBA Law Blog". Tennessee Bar Association. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
  51. ^ "Tennessee Bureau of Investigation 2021 Hate Crime Annual Report" (PDF). August 22, 2022. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
  52. ^ "Hate Crimes Fact Sheet | Department of Justice - Tennessee Hate Crimes Incidents in 2019". www.justice.gov. 2019. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
  53. ^ Krause, Carolyn (May 5, 2023). "Why hate speech can't always be prosecuted as a hate crime". The Oak Ridger. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
  54. ^ "Tennessee". National Center for Transgender Equality. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
  55. ^ Aviles, Gwen (April 24, 2019). "Trans plaintiffs sue Tennessee to change birth certificate gender". NBC News. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
  56. ^ Loller, Travis (April 23, 2024). "Transgender Tennessee woman sues over state's refusal to change the sex designation on her license". ABC News. Retrieved May 1, 2024.
  57. ^ Wethington, Caleb (April 23, 2024). "ACLU sues over Tennessee rule banning transgender people from changing gender marker on driver licenses". WSMV-TV. Retrieved May 1, 2024.
  58. ^ "106th Tennessee General Assembly Legislation: HB2576". wapp.capitol.tn.gov. 2010. Archived from the original on April 13, 2010. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  59. ^ "106th Tennessee General Assembly Legislation: HB2827". wapp.capitol.tn.gov. 2010. Archived from the original on April 12, 2010. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  60. ^ Kruesi, Kimberlee (May 19, 2021). "Tennessee Gov. Bill Lee signs ban on gender-confirming treatment into law". WZTV. Associated Press. Retrieved May 31, 2021.
  61. ^ "Tennessee bans gender-affirming health care for Trans youth". Los Angeles Blade. March 2, 2023. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
  62. ^ a b Mizelle, Shawna (March 3, 2023). "Tennessee governor signs ban on gender-affirming care for minors". CNN. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
  63. ^ Brown, Melissa (January 31, 2023). "Tennessee bill to ban trans treatments for minors advances in committees". The Tennessean. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  64. ^ Brown, Melissa (February 23, 2023). "Tennessee legislature passes ban on gender-transition health care for minors". The Tennessean. Retrieved February 23, 2023.
  65. ^ Mattise, Jonathan; Kruesi, Kimberlee (February 23, 2023). "Trans youth care ban headed to Tennessee governor's desk". AP News. Retrieved February 24, 2023.
  66. ^ "US Justice Dept sues Tennessee over transgender healthcare law". Al Jazeera. Associated Press. April 27, 2023. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
  67. ^ Kimball, Spencer (April 27, 2023). "DOJ sues Tennessee, alleging it discriminates against transgender youth with new law". CNBC. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
  68. ^ Leonard, Arthur S (April 27, 2023). "Biden administration joins lawsuit challenging Tennessee's anti-trans health law". Gay City News. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
  69. ^ Johnson, Kailynn (April 26, 2023). "Lawsuit Filed Against Tennessee Law Banning Gender-Affirming Care For Minors". Memphis Flyer. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
  70. ^ Kruesi, Kimberlee (April 26, 2023). "US sues Tennessee over ban on care for transgender youth". Associated Press. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
  71. ^ Lenard, Natasha (July 6, 2023). "Judges Keep Ruling That Anti-Trans Health Care Bans Make Shitty Law. The GOP Isn't Giving Up". The Intercept. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
  72. ^ Brown, Melissa (June 28, 2023). "Court halts Tennessee's ban on gender affirming care, at least for now". The Tennessean. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
  73. ^ Morris, Chuck (June 30, 2023). "Tennessee AG files motion for emergency stay to overturn transgender health injunction". News Channel 4 Nashville. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
  74. ^ Barakat, Matthew (July 9, 2023). "Tennessee can enforce ban on transgender care for minors, court says". Williamson Herald. Associated Press. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
  75. ^ "Case No. 3:23-cv-00376" (PDF). July 8, 2023. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
  76. ^ Rummler, Orion (July 10, 2023). "Trans youth in Tennessee can no longer access gender-affirming care after court ruling". The 19th. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
  77. ^ Riess, Rebekah; Jordan, Jessica; Sottile, Zoe (July 8, 2023). "Federal appeals court allows Tennessee ban on gender-affirming care for transgender minors to take effect". CNN. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
  78. ^ Hodgman, Lucy (July 8, 2023). "Tennessee ban on gender-affirming care for minors to go into effect for now". Politico. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
  79. ^ Bacallao, Marianna (July 10, 2023). "Tennessee's ban on gender-affirming care for minors takes effect, after court ruling". NPR. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
  80. ^ "Court Allows Tennessee Ban on Gender-Affirming Care for Minors to Take Effect Immediately". Mother Jones. July 8, 2023. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
  81. ^ Yeager-Malkin, Rebekah (July 10, 2023). "US federal court allows Tennessee ban on gender-affirming healthcare for minors". Jurist. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
  82. ^ Heath, Brad (July 10, 2023). "Court reinstates Tennessee ban on care for transgender youth". Reuters. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
  83. ^ Bakarat, Matthew (July 8, 2023). "Tennessee can enforce ban on transgender care for minors, court says". Associated Press. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
  84. ^ Ring, Trudy (July 11, 2023). "Is This the Next Supreme Court Case on LGBTQ+ Rights?". The Advocate. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
  85. ^ Adler, Jonathan H. (July 8, 2023). "Sixth Circuit Stays Preliminary Injunction Against Tennessee Law Limiting Gender-Affirming Treatments for Minors". Reason. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
  86. ^ Gooch, Kelly (September 21, 2022). "Tennessee attorney general vows to investigate claims against VUMC transgender health clinic". www.beckershospitalreview.com. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
  87. ^ Herner, Hannah (June 20, 2023). "VUMC hands over transgender patient records to state". Nashville Post. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
  88. ^ Brown, Melissa; Puente, Kelly (June 20, 2023). "Vanderbilt turns over transgender patient records to state in attorney general probe". The Tennessean. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  89. ^ "Hospital turns over transgender patient records to Tennessee attorney general in investigation". The Independent. Associated Press. June 20, 2023. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  90. ^ Owen, Greg (June 22, 2023). "Tennessee AG made a hospital hand over trans kids' medical records". LGBTQ Nation. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  91. ^ Wadhwani, Anita (July 26, 2023). "Patients sue Vanderbilt for releasing transgender clinic records to Tennessee AG". Tennessee Lookout. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
  92. ^ Mattise, Jonathan (July 25, 2023). "Transgender Patients Sue Hospital For Giving Records To Tennessee's Attorney General". HuffPost. Retrieved July 25, 2023.
  93. ^ Kruesi, Kimberlee; Mattise, Jonathan (August 12, 2023). "Tennessee Hospital Faces Civil Rights Investigation Over Release Of Transgender Health Records". HuffPost. Retrieved August 12, 2023.
  94. ^ "Tennessee gov. OKs penalizing adults who help minors receive abortions, gender-affirming care". NBC News. May 29, 2024. Retrieved May 29, 2024.
  95. ^ Chung, Andrew (June 24, 2024). "US Supreme Court to hear challenge to ban on transgender care for minors". Retrieved June 25, 2024.
  96. ^ "Tennessee GOP senators OK criminalizing helping minors get transgender care, mimicking abortion bill". AP.
  97. ^ Riley, John (May 8, 2019). "Tennessee governor signs "indecent exposure" bill, sparking fear about anti-trans harassment". Metro Weekly.
  98. ^ Ronan, Wyatt (May 14, 2021). "Tennessee Governor Lee Signs Anti-Transgender Student Bathroom Bill 2.0 into Law". Human Rights Campaign. Retrieved May 31, 2021.
  99. ^ Browning, Bil (May 28, 2021). "Business owners can get 6 months in jail if they don't post sign warning about transgender shoppers". LGBTQ Nation. Retrieved May 31, 2021.
  100. ^ Ronan, Wyatt (May 17, 2021). "Tennessee Gov. Lee Signs Anti-Transgender 'Business Bathroom Bill' into Law". Human Rights Campaign. Retrieved May 31, 2021.
  101. ^ Kruesi, Kimberlee; Mattise, Jonathan (May 19, 2021). "Tennessee bill mandating bathroom signs called 'humiliating' for transgender people". The Tennessean. Associated Press. Retrieved May 22, 2021.
  102. ^ Kruesi, Kimberlee (May 24, 2021). "Nashville DA Won't Enforce New Bathroom Law". AP News. Retrieved July 18, 2021.
  103. ^ Yu, Yue Stella. "ACLU federal lawsuit challenges Tennessee anti-trans bathroom sign law, deems it 'unconstitutional'". The Tennessean. Retrieved May 1, 2024.
  104. ^ Price, Eric (June 29, 2021). "'This is a free speech lawsuit' ACLU files lawsuit against the new Tennessee bathroom bill". WTVC-TV. Retrieved May 1, 2024.
  105. ^ Boboltz, Sara (July 9, 2021). "Federal Judge Blocks Tennessee's Anti-Trans Bathroom Law". HuffPost. Retrieved May 18, 2022.
  106. ^ Holmes, Juwan J. (July 10, 2021). "Injunction blocks new Tennessee law that requires anti-trans signs on business bathrooms". LGBTQ Nation. Retrieved July 11, 2021.
  107. ^ Baska, Maggie (July 11, 2021). "Judge Blocks Cruel Tennessee Law Forcing Businesses to Post Signs About Trans People in Bathrooms". Pink News. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  108. ^ Riley, John (July 12, 2021). "Federal Judge Blocks Tennessee's "Business Bathroom Bill" Requiring Anti-Transgender Restroom Signs". Metro Weekly. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  109. ^ Golgowski, Nina (May 18, 2022). "Federal Judge Strikes Down Tennessee Law Requiring Anti-Trans Bathroom 'Notice'". HuffPost. Retrieved May 18, 2022.
  110. ^ Stockard, Sam (May 17, 2022). "Federal judge rejects Tennessee's transgender bathroom law". Tennessee Lookout. Retrieved May 1, 2024.
  111. ^ Mattise, Jonathan (May 17, 2021). "Tennessee gov signs transgender 'bathroom bill' for schools". ABC News. Associated Press. Retrieved May 31, 2021.
  112. ^ Holmes, Juwan J. (May 15, 2021). "Tennessee enacts law allowing youth a "reasonable accommodation" to avoid trans kids". LGBTQ Nation. Retrieved May 31, 2021.
  113. ^ Ring, Trudy (May 14, 2021). "Tennessee Governor Signs Anti-Trans School 'Bathroom Bill' Into Law". The Advocate. Retrieved May 31, 2021.
  114. ^ Ronan, Wyatt (April 29, 2021). "Tennessee State Legislature Sends Anti-Transgender 'Business Bathroom Bill' to Gov. Lee's Desk". Human Rights Campaign. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  115. ^ Cole, Devan; Stracqualursi, Veronica (April 30, 2021). "Tennessee legislature passes bill requiring some businesses to post signs indicating inclusive bathroom policy". CNN. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  116. ^ "105th Tennessee General Assembly Legislation: HB1572". wapp.capitol.tn.gov. 2009. Archived from the original on April 14, 2009. Retrieved July 23, 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  117. ^ "105th Tennessee General Assembly Legislation: HB1689". wapp.capitol.tn.gov. 2009. Archived from the original on April 14, 2009. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
  118. ^ "105th Tennessee General Assembly Legislation: SB1736". wapp.capitol.tn.gov. 2009. Archived from the original on April 30, 2009. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
  119. ^ Hammonds, Rebekah (March 26, 2021). "Governor Lee signs anti-trans athlete bill 'to preserve women's athletics'". WTVF. Retrieved March 26, 2021.
  120. ^ Yu, Yue Stella. "Tennessee Senate passes bill barring transgender students from playing high school sports under their gender identity". The Tennessean. Retrieved May 31, 2021.
  121. ^ Whittington, Jordan (March 22, 2021). "Bill banning transgender athletes in Tennessee passes House, moves to governor's desk". WZTV. Retrieved May 31, 2021.
  122. ^ Klasfield, Adam (November 4, 2021). "ACLU Sues Tennessee on Behalf of Transgender High Schooler Barred by Law from Joining Boys' Golf Team". Law & Crime. Retrieved May 1, 2024.
  123. ^ Ring, Trudy (November 4, 2021). "Trans Boy Sues Tennessee Over Exclusionary Sports Law". The Advocate. Retrieved May 1, 2024.
  124. ^ Leonard, Arthur S. (April 2, 2024). "Federal court allows trans boy to try out for golf team in Tennessee despite restrictive law". Gay City News. Retrieved May 1, 2024.
  125. ^ "M.D. Tenn. 3:21-cv-00835 Docket". Equality Case Files. Retrieved May 1, 2024.
  126. ^ Kruesi, Kimberlee (April 25, 2022). "Tennessee governor signs transgender athlete ban in girls' sports". PBS NewsHour. Retrieved May 1, 2024.
  127. ^ Migdon, Brooke (April 26, 2022). "Tennessee governor signs law adding penalties to transgender athlete ban". The Hill. Retrieved May 1, 2024.
  128. ^ Breslin, Ryan (June 8, 2022). "TN bill affecting transgender athletes goes into law next month". WSMV-TV. Retrieved May 1, 2024.
  129. ^ Kruesi, Kimberlee (August 3, 2021). "Tennessee sued over 'bathroom bill' for public schools". ABC News. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  130. ^ Kruesi, Kimberlee (August 4, 2021). "Tennessee's Transgender 'Bathroom Bill' Hit With Second Federal Lawsuit". Huffpost. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  131. ^ Kelley, Alexandra (May 5, 2021). "Tennessee Gov signs restrictive LGBTQ+ education bill". TheHill. Retrieved May 31, 2021.
  132. ^ Ronan, Wyatt (May 4, 2021). "Tennessee Gov. Bill Lee Signs Anti-LGBTQ Education Bill into Law". Human Rights Campaign. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  133. ^ Ronan, Wyatt (April 15, 2021). "Tennessee State Legislature Sends Anti-LGBTQ Education Bill to Governor's Desk for Signature". Human Rights Campaign. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  134. ^ "111th Tennessee General Assembly Legislation, SB1229 / HB0529". wapp.capitol.tn.gov. 2021. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  135. ^ "Public Chapter No. 281" (PDF). Tennessee Secretary of State. April 14, 2021. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  136. ^ "Tennessee governor signs bill allowing students to opt-out of LGBTQ material". MyStateline.com. May 5, 2021. Retrieved May 31, 2021.
  137. ^ Teague, Slater (May 19, 2023). "Gov. Lee signs student pronoun bill". WATE-TV. Retrieved May 1, 2024.
  138. ^ "TN bill protecting employees in schools who refuse to use preferred pronouns signed by Gov. Lee". WBIR. May 18, 2023. Retrieved May 1, 2024.
  139. ^ Gainey, Blaise (May 7, 2024). "Gov. Bill Lee signs law requiring Tennessee schools to out transgender students". WKMS. Retrieved May 8, 2024.
  140. ^ a b Ashman, Kendall (April 16, 2024). "Bill requiring Tennessee school employees to report student's gender identity passes state legislature". WKRN-TV. Retrieved May 1, 2024.
  141. ^ a b Wadhwani, Anita (March 21, 2024). "Senate OKs bill to penalize schools that don't tell parents when kids confide they are transgender". Tennessee Lookout. Retrieved May 1, 2024.
  142. ^ a b Mattisse, Jonathan; Kruesi, Kimberlee (April 15, 2024). "Tennessee schools would have to out transgender students to parents under bill heading to governor". AP News. Retrieved May 1, 2024.
  143. ^ Matisse, Jonathan (February 26, 2024). "Pride flags would be largely banned in Tennessee classrooms in bill advanced by GOP lawmakers". AP News. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
  144. ^ Gainey, Blaise (February 29, 2024). "A bill that would ban Pride flags in schools hits a major roadblock in Tennessee's senate". WPLN-FM. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
  145. ^ Stockard, Sam (March 15, 2024). "Stockard on the Stump: Tennessee Senate works on cleaning up House of horrors". Tennessee Lookout. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
  146. ^
  147. ^ Wells, V.S. (November 11, 2022). "New Tennessee bill banning 'male or female impersonators' in public could criminalize drag performers and trans people". Xtra*. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  148. ^ Zoledziowski, Anya (February 22, 2023). "Republicans Are Trying to Ban Drag Shows Now". Vice News. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  149. ^ Brown, Melissa (February 23, 2023). "Tennessee passes controversial drag show bill". The Tennessean. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  150. ^ Murphy, Walter (March 2, 2023). "2 arrested for protesting Gov. Bill Lee's visit to Memphis amid expectation to sign controversial anti-drag bill". WMC-TV. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  151. ^ Chamlee, Virginia (March 3, 2023). "Tennessee Becomes First State to Pass Legislation Restricting Drag Shows". People. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  152. ^ Jones, Jay (March 3, 2023). "Shelby County D.A. Steve Mulroy says 'ill-advised' drag bill is not his focus". WATN-TV. Associated Press. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  153. ^ "Federal judge temporarily blocks Tennessee's anti-drag law". Politico. Associated Press. April 1, 2023. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  154. ^ Robledo, Jordan (June 4, 2023). "Federal judge rules Tennessee's drag ban as "unconstitutionally vague and overbroad"". GAY TIMES. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  155. ^ Kennin, Lydian (June 30, 2023). "State AG appeals federal judge's decision to allow public drag shows in Tennessee". WMC-TV. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
  156. ^ "Case 2:23-cv-02163-TLP-tmp Document 94" (PDF). TN.gov. June 30, 2023. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
  157. ^ Wells, David (February 1, 2024). "Tennessee asks Sixth Circuit to restore anti-drag law". Courthouse News Service. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
  158. ^ Sainz, Adrian; Kruesi, Kimberlee (June 6, 2023). "Ruling on Tennessee's anti-drag law leaves questions about enforcement, next steps". PBS. Retrieved July 20, 2023.
  159. ^ Friedman, Adam (August 31, 2023). "Tennessee's anti-drag law faces another suit, this time in Blount County". Tennessee Lookout. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
  160. ^ "Complaint for the Violations of the Civil Rights Act of 1871, 42 USC 1893 | Case 1:23-cv-00196" (PDF). ACLU of Tennessee. August 30, 2023. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 3, 2023. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
  161. ^ "Judge Blocks Enforcement of Anti-Drag Law in Blount County". ACLU-TN. September 1, 2023. Archived from the original on September 1, 2023. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
  162. ^ Yeager-Malkin, Rebekah (September 4, 2023). "US federal judge sides with Tennessee Pride festival in challenge to drag ban". www.jurist.org. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
  163. ^ Ring, Trudy (September 1, 2023). "Tennessee Anti-Drag Law Can't Be Used Against Pride Event, Judge Rules". The Advocate. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
  164. ^ a b Beyeler, Kelsey (October 25, 2023). "'Drag Is Never Going Away': Local Queens Rally Against Anti-Drag Legislation". Nashville Scene. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
  165. ^ Kruesi, Kimberlee (October 6, 2023). "ACLU sues a Tennessee city over an anti-drag ordinance". Associated Press. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
  166. ^ "Legal News: ACLU Sues Murfreesboro Over Anti-Drag Ordinance". Tennessee Bar Association. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
  167. ^ "ACLU of Tenn. sues over Murfreesboro anti-LGBTQ+ ordinance". Los Angeles Blade. October 7, 2023. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
  168. ^ "Judge temporarily blocks Tennessee city from enforcing ban on drag performances on public property". Associated Press. October 21, 2023. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
  169. ^ Abels, Grace. "PolitiFact - Did a city in Tennessee ban being gay in public? It's complicated". PolitiFact. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
  170. ^ Andrew, Scottie; Ries, Brian (June 19, 2019). "Cracker Barrel bans an anti-gay pastor from holding an event in one of its stores". CNN. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  171. ^ Johnson, Chris (January 8, 2020). "Tenn. Clerks told not to marry gay couples in letter from anti-LGBTQ lawyer". Washington Blade. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  172. ^ Riley, John (July 13, 2018). "Tennessee man charged with hate crime for anti-gay assault". Metro Weekly. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  173. ^ Timms, Mariah (July 11, 2018). "Man charged with hate crime in Murfreesboro after alleged anti-gay assault". The Daily News Journal. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  174. ^ Sanders, Chris (July 31, 2016). "TEP condemns Uber driver's anti-gay assault on Memphis businessman". Tennessee Equality Project. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  175. ^ "Tennessee Man Beaten at His High School Reunion for Being Gay - Sometimes It Doesn't Get Better". Back2Stonewall. June 19, 2012. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  176. ^ "Attackers beat store owner, write 'fag' on his forehead in alleged hate crime". LGBTQ Nation. November 23, 2013. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  177. ^ Pearson, Deneisha (November 22, 2013). "Police: Homophobic Slurs Written on Robbery Victim's Forehead". WBBJ-TV. Archived from the original on November 29, 2013. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  178. ^ Holden, Alexandra (2019). "The Gay/Trans Panic Defense: What It is, and How to End It". American Bar Association. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  179. ^ Bollinger, Alex (November 22, 2019). "Anti-gay prosecutor under investigation for bias won't prosecute death of gay teenager". LGBTQ Nation. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  180. ^ Chiiu, Allison (June 14, 2019). "Tennessee cop Grayson Fritts under investigation for preaching that the government should execute LGBTQ people - The Washington Post". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  181. ^ Hood, Abby Lee (April 28, 2021). "Tennessee Faces Economic Backlash Over Discriminatory Legislation". Tennessee Lookout. Retrieved May 31, 2021.
  182. ^ "SB 0228". Tennessee General Assembly. 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  183. ^ Baldor, Lolita C; Miller, Zeke (January 25, 2021). "Biden reverses Trump ban on transgender people in military". AP NEWS. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  184. ^ "Medical Conditions That Can Keep You From Joining the Military". Military.com. May 10, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  185. ^ "What Is Gender Dysphoria?". American Psychiatric Association. Retrieved September 29, 2021.
  186. ^ Allyn, Bobby (April 2, 2020). "FDA Loosens Restrictions On Gay Blood Donors Amid 'Urgent Need' caused By Coronavirus". NPR. Retrieved September 29, 2021.
Kembali kehalaman sebelumnya