Prior to gaining separate representation, areas now under the jurisdiction of Agusan del Norte were represented under the Department of Mindanao and Sulu (1917–1935) and Agusan (1935–1969).
Republic Act No. 4979, approved in a plebiscite held simultaneously with the 1967 elections, split the old Agusan Province into Agusan del Norte and Agusan del Sur and provided them each with a congressional representative.[1] In accordance with Section 7 of R.A. 4979, Agusan del Norte first elected its separate representative starting in the 1969 elections.[1] The chartered city of Butuan, despite being enumerated as part of the territory of neither successor province,[1] was designated as Agusan del Norte's seat of provincial government and became part of its congressional representation.
Under the new Constitution which was proclaimed on February 11, 1987, the Agusan del Norte was grouped with the highly urbanized city of Butuan and reapportioned into two congressional districts;[2] each district elected its member to the restored House of Representatives starting that same year.
The approval of Republic Act No. 11714 on April 4, 2022, divided the province into two congressional districts: the lone legislative district of the City of Butuan and the lone legislative district of the province of Agusan del Norte,[3] which elected their separate representatives starting in the 2025 elections.
The municipalities of Agusan del Norte are represented in the Agusan del Norte Provincial Board, the Sangguniang Panlalawigan (provincial legislature) of the province, through Agusan del Norte's first and second provincial board districts.