Leo Graetz

Leo Graetz
Leo Graetz
	Leo Graetz, painted by Franz von Stuck (1906)
Born	26 September 1856; Breslau, Prussia
Died	12 November 1941 (aged 85); Munich, Nazi Germany
Known for	Graetz number, Diode bridge

Leo Graetz (26 September 1856 – 12 November 1941) was a German physicist. He was born in Breslau, Germany, and was the son of historian Heinrich Graetz.

Graetz was one of the first to investigate the propagation of electromagnetic energy. The Graetz number (Gz), a dimensionless number describing heat flow, is named after him.^[1] Also sometimes known by his name is the diode bridge rectifier circuit that was invented by Polish electrotechnician Karol Pollak in 1896^[2] and that was independently invented and published by Leo Graetz in 1897.^[3]

In 1880 he confirmed the Stefan–Boltzmann law.^[4]

Graetz died in Munich at age 85.

Publications

Die Elektrizität und ihre Anwendungen (Electricity and Its Applications), Stuttgart 1903 Digital 17th edition from 1914 by the University and State Library Düsseldorf
Handbuch der Elektrizität und des Magnetismus (Handbook of Electricity and Magnetism) - 5 volumes, 1918, 1921, 1923, 1920, 1928
Recent developments in atomic theory, 1922

References

^
See:
- Graetz, L. (1883). "Über die Wärmeleitungsfähigkeit von Flüssigkeiten" [On the heat conductivity of fluids]. Annalen der Physik und Chemie. 3rd series (in German). 18 (1): 79–94.
- Graetz, L. (1885). "Über die Wärmeleitungsfähigkeit von Flüssigkeiten [Part 2]" [On the heat conductivity of fluids]. Annalen der Physik und Chemie. 3rd series (in German). 25 (7): 337–357.
^
That Karol ("Charles") Pollak had invented a diode bridge prior to Leo Graetz is mentioned in:
- (Graetz, 1897), p. 327 footnote.
- (Editorial staff) (24 June 1897). "Ein neues Gleichrichter-Verfahren" [A new method of rectification]. Elektrotechnische Zeitschrift (in German). 18 (25): 359 and footnote.
^
See:
- Graetz, L. (1 May 1897). "Electrochemisches Verfahren, um Wechselströme in Gleichströme zu verwandeln" [Electrochemical method of changing alternating into direct currents] (PDF). Sitzungsberichte der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Classe der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu München (Transactions of the Mathematical-Physical Classes of the Royal Bavarian Academy of Sciences in Munich) (in German). 27 (10): 223–228. Bibcode:1897AnP...298..323G. doi:10.1002/andp.18972981008.
- Graetz, L. (1897). "Electrochemisches Verfahren, um Wechselströme in Gleichströme zu verwandeln" [Electrochemical method of changing alternating into direct currents]. Annalen der Physik und Chemie. 3rd series (in German). 62 (10): 323–327. Bibcode:1897AnP...298..323G. doi:10.1002/andp.18972981008.
- Graetz, Leo (22 July 1897). "Electrochemisches Verfahren, um Wechselströme in Gleichströme zu verwandeln" [Electrochemical method of changing alternating into direct currents]. Elektrotechnische Zeitschrift (in German). 18 (29): 423–424. Bibcode:1897AnP...298..323G. doi:10.1002/andp.18972981008.
^ Graetz, L. (1880). "Über das Gesetz der Wärmestrahlung und das absolute Emisssionsvermögen des Glases" [On the law of heat radiation and the absolute emissive power of glass]. Annalen der Physik und Chemie. 3rd series (in German). 11: 913–930.

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[1] See:
Graetz, L. (1883). "Über die Wärmeleitungsfähigkeit von Flüssigkeiten" [On the heat conductivity of fluids]. Annalen der Physik und Chemie. 3rd series (in German). 18 (1): 79–94.

Graetz, L. (1885). "Über die Wärmeleitungsfähigkeit von Flüssigkeiten [Part 2]" [On the heat conductivity of fluids]. Annalen der Physik und Chemie. 3rd series (in German). 25 (7): 337–357.

[2] Graetz, L. (1883). "Über die Wärmeleitungsfähigkeit von Flüssigkeiten" [On the heat conductivity of fluids]. Annalen der Physik und Chemie. 3rd series (in German). 18 (1): 79–94.

[3] Graetz, L. (1885). "Über die Wärmeleitungsfähigkeit von Flüssigkeiten [Part 2]" [On the heat conductivity of fluids]. Annalen der Physik und Chemie. 3rd series (in German). 25 (7): 337–357.

[2] That Karol ("Charles") Pollak had invented a diode bridge prior to Leo Graetz is mentioned in:
(Graetz, 1897), p. 327 footnote.

(Editorial staff) (24 June 1897). "Ein neues Gleichrichter-Verfahren" [A new method of rectification]. Elektrotechnische Zeitschrift (in German). 18 (25): 359 and footnote.

[5] (Graetz, 1897), p. 327 footnote.

[6] (Editorial staff) (24 June 1897). "Ein neues Gleichrichter-Verfahren" [A new method of rectification]. Elektrotechnische Zeitschrift (in German). 18 (25): 359 and footnote.

[3] See:
Graetz, L. (1 May 1897). "Electrochemisches Verfahren, um Wechselströme in Gleichströme zu verwandeln" [Electrochemical method of changing alternating into direct currents] (PDF). Sitzungsberichte der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Classe der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu München (Transactions of the Mathematical-Physical Classes of the Royal Bavarian Academy of Sciences in Munich) (in German). 27 (10): 223–228. Bibcode:1897AnP...298..323G. doi:10.1002/andp.18972981008.

Graetz, L. (1897). "Electrochemisches Verfahren, um Wechselströme in Gleichströme zu verwandeln" [Electrochemical method of changing alternating into direct currents]. Annalen der Physik und Chemie. 3rd series (in German). 62 (10): 323–327. Bibcode:1897AnP...298..323G. doi:10.1002/andp.18972981008.

Graetz, Leo (22 July 1897). "Electrochemisches Verfahren, um Wechselströme in Gleichströme zu verwandeln" [Electrochemical method of changing alternating into direct currents]. Elektrotechnische Zeitschrift (in German). 18 (29): 423–424. Bibcode:1897AnP...298..323G. doi:10.1002/andp.18972981008.

[8] Graetz, L. (1 May 1897). "Electrochemisches Verfahren, um Wechselströme in Gleichströme zu verwandeln" [Electrochemical method of changing alternating into direct currents] (PDF). Sitzungsberichte der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Classe der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu München (Transactions of the Mathematical-Physical Classes of the Royal Bavarian Academy of Sciences in Munich) (in German). 27 (10): 223–228. Bibcode:1897AnP...298..323G. doi:10.1002/andp.18972981008.

[9] Graetz, L. (1897). "Electrochemisches Verfahren, um Wechselströme in Gleichströme zu verwandeln" [Electrochemical method of changing alternating into direct currents]. Annalen der Physik und Chemie. 3rd series (in German). 62 (10): 323–327. Bibcode:1897AnP...298..323G. doi:10.1002/andp.18972981008.

[10] Graetz, Leo (22 July 1897). "Electrochemisches Verfahren, um Wechselströme in Gleichströme zu verwandeln" [Electrochemical method of changing alternating into direct currents]. Elektrotechnische Zeitschrift (in German). 18 (29): 423–424. Bibcode:1897AnP...298..323G. doi:10.1002/andp.18972981008.

[4] Graetz, L. (1880). "Über das Gesetz der Wärmestrahlung und das absolute Emisssionsvermögen des Glases" [On the law of heat radiation and the absolute emissive power of glass]. Annalen der Physik und Chemie. 3rd series (in German). 11: 913–930.

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