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Luis de Santa María Nanacacipactzin

Cipac

Tlatoani and Governor of Tenochtitlan
Reign	30 September 1563 – 27 December 1565
Installation	30 September 1563
Predecessor	Cristóbal de Guzmán Cecetzin
Successor	Francisco Jiménez (as judge-governor)
Alcalde of San Juan Tenochtitlan
In office	1557
Predecessor	Miguel Sánchez Yscatl Cristóbal de Guzmán Cecetzin
Successor	Martín Cano Pedro de la Cruz Tlapaltecatl
Co-Alcalde	Tomás de Aquino Yspopulac

Died	27 December 1565

Don Luis de Santa María Nanacacipactzin, also known as Cipac, was the last tlatoani ("king") of the Nahua altepetl of Tenochtitlan,^[1] as well as its governor (gobernador) under the colonial Spanish system of government. The previous ruler Cristóbal de Guzmán Cecetzin having died in 1562,^[2] Nanacacipactzin was installed on September 30, 1563, and ruled until his death on December 27, 1565.^[1]

His rule was dominated by disputes with the Spanish colonial government over tribute payments. In January 1564, the viceroyalty passed a law requiring the Tenochca to pay 14,000 pesos in annual tribute, as well as a large payment in corn. Nanacacipactzin resisted this demand, and faced a number of Spanish-backed lawsuits as a result, even being arrested for three days in September 1564 for failing to secure agreement to the new payments. His mental and physical health declined as a result, and this likely contributed to his death in December 1565.^[3]

With Nanacacipactzin's death, the rule of Tenochtitlan by dynastic tlatoque (plural of tlatoani) came to an end.^[1] As governor, he was succeeded in 1568 by Francisco Jiménez, who was a native of Tecamachalco rather than Tenochtitlan.^[4]

His Nahuatl name, Nanacacipactli (or Nanacacipactzin in the honorific form), literally means "mushroom alligator". It appears his birth name was simply Cipactli "alligator", and the "mushroom" element was added as a nickname,^[5] possibly due to a perception that he was ineffective in resisting Spanish tribute demands.^[6]

Notes

^ ^a ^b ^c Chimalpahin (1997): vol. 1, p. 175; vol. 2, p. 43.
^ Chimalpahin (1997): vol. 1, p. 175; vol. 2, p. 41.
^ Townsend, Camilla (2019). Fifth Sun: A New History of the Aztecs. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. pp. 166–178. ISBN 978-0190673062.
^ Chimalpahin (1997): vol. 1, p. 177; vol. 2, p. 43.
^ Lockhart (1992): p. 118.
^ Townsend (2019). Fifth Sun. p. 168.

References

Chimalpahin Cuauhtlehuanitzin, Domingo Francisco de San Antón Muñón (1997). Codex Chimalpahin. ed. and trans. by Arthur J. O. Anderson and Susan Schroeder. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
Gibson, Charles (1964). The Aztecs Under Spanish Rule: A History of the Indians of the Valley of Mexico, 1519–1810. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Lockhart, James (1992). The Nahuas After the Conquest: A Social and Cultural History of the Indians of Central Mexico, Sixteenth through Eighteenth Centuries. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Luis de Santa María Nanacacipactzin.

Regnal titles
Preceded by Cristóbal de Guzmán Cecetzin	Tlatoani of Tenochtitlan 1563–1565	None
Political offices
Preceded by Cristóbal de Guzmán Cecetzin	Governor of San Juan Tenochtitlan 1563–1565	Vacant Title next held by Francisco Jiménez as judge-governor
Preceded by Miguel Sánchez Yscatl and Cristóbal de Guzmán Cecetzin	Alcalde of San Juan Tenochtitlan 1557 with Tomás de Aquino Yspopulac	Succeeded by Martín Cano and Pedro de la Cruz Tlapaltecatl

v t e Tlatoque of Tenochtitlan
Monarchic period (1375–1525)	Acamapichtli Huitzilihuitl Chimalpopoca Xihuitl Temoc Itzcoatl Moctezuma I Atotoztli Axayacatl Tizoc Ahuitzotl Moctezuma II Cuitláhuac Cuauhtémoc
Colonial period (1525–1565)	Tlacotzin Motelchiuhtzin Xochiquentzin Huanitzin Tehuetzquititzin Cecetzin Cipac
Italics indicates a cuauhtlatoani ("eagle ruler"; a non-dynastic interim ruler)

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