Matureivavao

Matureivavao
	NASA picture of Matureivavao Atoll
	Matureivavao
Geography
Location	Pacific Ocean
Coordinates	21°29′S 136°25′W / 21.483°S 136.417°W
Archipelago	Tuamotus
Area	18 km2 (6.9 sq mi) (lagoon); 2.5 km2 (1 sq mi) (above water)
Length	6.6 km (4.1 mi)
Width	4.6 km (2.86 mi)
Administration
	France
Overseas collectivity	French Polynesia
Administrative subdivision	Îles Tuamotu-Gambier
Commune	Gambier
Demographics
Population	Uninhabited (2012)

Matureivavao, or Maturei-vavao^[2] is an uninhabited atoll in the Acteon Group in the southeastern part of the Tuamotu Islands. It is the largest atoll within the Acteon Group, and like others in this group, is administratively part of the commune of the Gambier Islands.

Geography

Matureivavao is about 6.6 km (4.1 mi) long in a NNW-SSE direction and 4.6 km (2.9 mi) wide. It has a land area of 2.5 km² (1.0 sq mi) and a lagoon area of 18 km² (6.9 sq mi). It lies 16 km (10 mi) southeast of Tenarunga and 1,390 km (860 mi) from Tahiti. The atoll is high enough to be visible from a considerable distance. It appears as a sandy beach, backed by a line of dark green. In bad weather, the seas sometimes sweep over the reef. There is no entrance to the lagoon.

In some maps, this atoll also appears as "Melbourne".

History

The first recorded sighting of this atoll was made during the Spanish expedition of the Portuguese navigator Pedro Fernández de Quirós on 5 February 1606 under the name Las Cuatro Coronadas (the "four crowned" (by coconut palms)),^[3]^[4] however, these observations were not fully documented. As such, the first unambiguous approach to the island was made on 14 March 1828 by the explorer Hugh Cuming in his ship Discoverer captained by Samuel Grimwood. The next sighting was in 1833 by navigator Thomas Ebrill on his merchant vessel Amphitrite and again in 1837 by Lord Edward Russell, commander of HMS Actaeon, the name given to the group.^[5] It was previously owned by a man named Captain Nicholas but was redeemed in 1934.^[6]

Flora and fauna

After the hurricane in 1983, Matureivavao was entirely replanted with thousands of coconut trees.^[7] The atoll is also colonized by the invasive Amaranthaceae Achyranthes aspera var. velutina.^[8] It is also one of the few atolls in which rats were never introduced.

References

^ "Population". Institut de la statistique de la Polynésie française. Retrieved 9 October 2014.
^ Young, J.L. (1899). "Names of the Paumotu Islands, with the old names so far as they are known". Journal of the Polynesian Society. 8 (4): 264–268. Retrieved 7 January 2015.
^ Brand, Donald D. The Pacific Basin: A History of its Geographical Explorations The American Geographical Society, New York, 1967, p.136.
^ Kelly, Celsus, O.F.M. La Austrialia del Espiritu Santo. The Journal of Fray Martín de Munilla O.F.M. and other documents relating to the Voyage of Pedro Fernández de Quirós to the South Sea (1605–1606) and the Franciscan Missionary Plan (1617–1627) Cambridge, 1966, p.39,62.
^ Pacific Island: Eastern-Pacific – Geographical handbook series, James Wightman Davidson and Naval Intelligence Division, editions Naval Intelligence Division, 1945, p.224.
^ Archaeology of Mangareva and neighboring atolls by Kenneth Pike Emory, editions Kraus, 1971, pp.58–60.
^ Dahl, prepared by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Commission on National Parks and Protected Areas ; in collaboration with the United Nations Environment Programme ; based on the work of Arthur Lyon (1986). Review of the protected areas system in Oceania (Sept. 1986. ed.). Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. ISBN 9782880325091.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Florence, Jacques (2004). Flore de la Polynésie française (Reimpr. ed.). Paris: IRD Ed. [u.a.] ISBN 9782709915434.