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McMurdo Volcanic Group

McMurdo Volcanic Group
Stratigraphic range: Cenozoic
TypeGroup
Unit ofWestern Ross Supergroup
Sub-unitsErebus Volcanic Province, Hallett Volcanic Province, Melbourne Volcanic Province
Lithology
PrimaryVolcanic rocks
Location
RegionAntarctica

The McMurdo Volcanic Group is a large group of Cenozoic volcanic rocks in the western Ross Sea and central Transantarctic Mountains areas of Antarctica.[1] It is one of the largest provinces of alkaline volcanism in the world, having formed as a result of continental rifting along the West Antarctic Rift System.[1][2] The McMurdo Volcanic Group is part of the Western Ross Supergroup, a stratigraphic unit that also includes the Meander Intrusive Group.[3]

Subdivisions

Three subprovinces comprise the McMurdo Volcanic Group, namely the Hallett, Melbourne and Erebus volcanic provinces.[1] The Balleny Volcanic Province along the Balleny Fracture Zone in the Southern Ocean was originally defined as a part of the McMurdo Volcanic Group but it is now excluded due to its location on oceanic crust with no obvious geographic or tectonic relationship to the other McMurdo volcanic provinces.[4][5]

Hallett Volcanic Province

Coulman Island in the Ross Sea is part of the Hallett Volcanic Province.

The Hallett Volcanic Province in northern Victoria Land is situated along the margin of the Transantarctic Mountains.[1][6] It consists of a 260 km (160 mi) long chain of four major elongated shield volcano complexes that were originally interpreted to have erupted subglacially under a larger Antarctic ice sheet. Later studies showed that they erupted in a subaerial environment instead.[1]

Volcanoes

Melbourne Volcanic Province

Mount Melbourne seen from the ice-covered Ross Sea. It is part of the Melbourne Volcanic Province.

The Melbourne Volcanic Province is also in northern Victoria Land and forms an arcuate band extending from the Ross Sea coast into the Transantarctic Mountains.[1][6] It consists of large volcanic centres and small but widely distributed basaltic vents.[1]

Volcanoes

Erebus Volcanic Province

Mount Erebus on Ross Island is part of the Erebus Volcanic Province.

The Erebus Volcanic Province is in southern Victoria Land.[1][6] It includes marine volcanic centres in the southwest Ross Sea, major volcanic complexes in southern McMurdo Sound and several small basaltic centres in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, as well as along the foothills of the Royal Society Range.[1]

Volcanoes

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Riffenburgh, Beau (2007). Encyclopedia of the Antarctic. Vol. 1. Taylor & Francis. p. 639. ISBN 978-0-415-97024-2.
  2. ^ Bargagli, R.; Broady, P.A.; Walton, D.W.H. (12 May 2004). "Preliminary investigation of the thermal biosystem of Mount Rittmann fumaroles (northern Victoria Land, Antarctica)". Antarctic Science. 8 (2): 121. doi:10.1017/S0954102096000181 – via Academia.edu.
  3. ^ "McMurdo Volcanic Group". Government of Australia. Retrieved 2020-03-20.
  4. ^ Kyle, P. R.; Cole, J. W. (1974). "Structural control of volcanism in the McMurdo Volcanic Group, Antarctica". Bulletin of Volcanology. 38. Springer: 16. doi:10.1007/BF02597798. S2CID 128623239.
  5. ^ Lanyon, Ruth (1994). Mantle reservoirs and mafic magmatism associated with the break-up of Gondwana: the Balleny Plume and the Australian-Antarctic discordance: U-Pb zircon dating of a Proterozoic mafic dyke swarm in the Vestfold Hills, East Antarctica (PhD). La Trobe University. p. 165.
  6. ^ a b c Faure, Gunter; Mensing, Teresa M. (2010). The Transantarctic Mountains: Rocks, Ice, Meteorites and Water. Springer. p. 519. ISBN 978-1-4020-8406-5.

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