Mughal conquest of Kashmir

Mughal conquest of Kashmir; War of Kashmiri Independence
	Part of the Mughal Conquests
	; The Pir Panjal was a frequent battleground for the conflicting forces
Date	20 December 1585 – 8 August 1589
Location	Present-day states of Jammu and Kashmir (India) and Azad Kashmir (Pakistan)
Result	Mughal victory
Territorial; changes	Annexation of Kashmir Valley
Belligerents
Mughal Empire; Supported by:; Maqpon Kingdom; Jammu Kingdom	Kashmir Sultanate; Supported by:; Kishtwar Kingdom
Commanders and leaders
Jalal-ud-din Akbar Bhagwant Das; Shah Quli Mahram; Qasim Khan; Yusuf Khan Rizvi; Mirza Shah Rukh; Ali Akbar Shahi; Fath Khan	Yousuf Shah Chak ; Yakub Shah Chak Shams Chak ; Hussain Chak ; Qasim Nayak † ; Zafar Nayak †; Muhammad Chak †; Naurang Chak †; Yaqub Sarfi (AWOL); Haidar Chak (AWOL); Lohar Chak (AWOL)
Strength
Under Bhagwant Das: 20,000–25,000 infantry; ~5,000 musketeer; 5,000 cavalry; Under Mirza Shah Rukh: ~20,000 (total); Under Qasim Khan: 15,000 infantry; 5,000–6,000 cavalry; ~2,000 musketeer; Under Yusuf Khan Rizvi: ~20,000 (total);	At Buliasa Pass: 25,000 infantry; 15,000 cavalry; 7,000 musketeer; Battle of Hastivanj: 5,000–10,000 infantry; 2,000 musketeer; At Hanjik Fort: 30,000 infantry; 10,000 cavalry; 5,000–10,000 musketeer;
Casualties and losses
Low (at Buliasa); Heavy (at Hastivanj); Heavy (at Hanjik)	Low to Medium (at Buliasa); Heavy (at Hastivanj); Low (at Hanjik)

The Mughal conquest of Kashmir^[a] also known as War of Kashmiri Independence,^[b]^[c]^[1]^[2]^[3] was an invasion of the Kashmir Sultanate by the Mughal Empire in 1585–1589.^[4] After severe fighting and heavy casualties, the Mughals defeated the Kashmiris in the Battle of Hastivanj (10 October 1586)^[5] and annexed the sultanate into their empire as the Sarkar of Kashmir.^{[citation needed]} Armed struggle against the Mughals continued until Yakub Shah's surrender in 1589.

Notes

^ Persian: فتح کشمیر توسط مغول ها
^ Kashmiri: کشمیری جنگ آزادی
^ from 1586 until 1589

References

^ Ansari, Zoya (2023-07-04). "Mughal Rule In Kashmir". ARY NEWS. Retrieved 2024-06-25.
^ "Mughal Dynasty". Kashmir Through Ages. Retrieved 2024-06-25.
^ Faysal, Muhammad (2017-04-30). "From Akbar to Modi, Kashmiris have a history of pelting stones at oppressors". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 2024-06-25.
^ Hasan, Mohibbul (2023-09-26). Kashmir Under the Sultans. London: Routledge. p. 175. doi:10.4324/9781032666709. ISBN 978-1-032-66670-9.
^ Hasan, Mohibbul (2023-09-26). Kashmir Under the Sultans. London: Routledge. p. 187. doi:10.4324/9781032666709. ISBN 978-1-032-66670-9.

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[1] Persian: فتح کشمیر توسط مغول ها

[2] Kashmiri: کشمیری جنگ آزادی

[3] rom 1586 until 1589

[4] Ansari, Zoya (2023-07-04). "Mughal Rule In Kashmir". ARY NEWS. Retrieved 2024-06-25.

[5] "Mughal Dynasty". Kashmir Through Ages. Retrieved 2024-06-25.

[6] Faysal, Muhammad (2017-04-30). "From Akbar to Modi, Kashmiris have a history of pelting stones at oppressors". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 2024-06-25.

[7] Hasan, Mohibbul (2023-09-26). Kashmir Under the Sultans. London: Routledge. p. 175. doi:10.4324/9781032666709. ISBN 978-1-032-66670-9.

[8] Hasan, Mohibbul (2023-09-26). Kashmir Under the Sultans. London: Routledge. p. 187. doi:10.4324/9781032666709. ISBN 978-1-032-66670-9.

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