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Music Canada

Music Canada
AbbreviationMC
FormationApril 9, 1963; 61 years ago (1963-04-09)
TypeLicensing and royalties, technical standards
HeadquartersToronto, Ontario, Canada
Websitemusiccanada.com

Music Canada is a non-profit trade organization that was founded 9 April 1963 in Toronto to represent the interests of companies that record, manufacture, produce, and distribute music in Canada. It also offers benefits to some of Canada's leading independent record labels and distributors.[1] It was known as the Canadian Record Manufacturer's Association until 1972 and the Canadian Recording Industry Association (CRIA) until 2011.

History

Originally formed as the 10-member Canadian Record Manufacturer's Association, the association changed its name to Canadian Recording Industry Association (CRIA) in 1972 and opened membership to other record industry companies.[2]

In 2006, the CRIA was in the news when a number of smaller labels resigned their memberships, complaining that the organization was not representing their interests.[3] On July 7, 2011, the CRIA changed its name to Music Canada offering special benefits to some of the leading independent labels and distributors in Canada.[4]

Organization

Music Canada is governed by a board of directors who are elected annually by association members. To be eligible for election a candidate for the board must be among the executive officers of the member companies. Patrick Rogers (formerly the Vice President, Corporate Affairs) was named the new Chief Executive Officer, effective 11 January 2021.[5] Graham Henderson had been president from 15 November 2004 to 28 May 2020; Brian Robertson previously held the position from 1974.

  • Class A members are Canadian individuals or companies whose principal business is producing, manufacturing, or marketing sound recordings. These members hold voting rights, and currently consist of the "big four" record labels.[6]
  • Class B members are Canadian individuals or companies whose principal business is producing sound recordings. These members pay a $600 annual membership fee but have no voting rights. As of 2007, there were 22 class B members.[6]
  • Manufacturing Division members are Canadian individuals or companies whose principal business is manufacturing sound recordings.

Other services

Music Canada is responsible for the distribution of ISRC registrant codes within Canada, and also works with the IFPI and RIAA to try to prevent copyright infringement of artists' work.

Representation

Historically, Music Canada has represented all record labels in the country. Recently, however, some labels and other industry groups have publicly disagreed with Music Canada and claim it no longer represents them. In 2006, six well-known "indie" labels including Nettwerk left Music Canada in a dispute over Canadian content rules. They claimed the association was only protecting the interests of "the four major foreign multi-national labels,"[7] referring to EMI, Universal, Sony BMG, and Warner. Other points of contention include Music Canada's stance against the blank media tax, their support for digital locks on music,[8] and positions against copyright reform.[9] In 2007 a group of musicians formed the Canadian Music Creators Coalition, claiming "legislative proposals that would facilitate lawsuits against our fans or increase the labels' control over the enjoyment of music are made not in our names, but on behalf of the labels' foreign parent companies."

Legal actions

On February 16, 2004, Music Canada applied to the Federal Court to force five major Canadian internet service providers — Shaw Communications Inc., Telus Corp., Rogers Cable, Bell Canada's Sympatico service and Quebec's Vidéotron — to hand over the names of 29 people accused of copyright infringement through peer-to-peer file sharing. In April 2005, Vidéotron indicated its willingness to supply customer information to Music Canada.[10]

On March 31, 2004, in the case of BMG v. John Doe, Justice Konrad von Finckenstein of the Federal Court of Canada ruled that making music available for download over the Internet was not equivalent to distribution and was thus noninfringing. The Justice compared the peer-to-peer filesharing activities to "having a photocopier in a library room full of copyrighted material" and wrote that there was no evidence of unauthorized distribution presented.[11] The Federal Court of Appeal upheld the lower courts ruling denying the disclosure of the customers' identities, but, in reference to "what would or would not constitute infringement of copyright," stated: "such conclusions should not have been made in the very preliminary stages of this action, since they would require a consideration of the evidence as well as the law applicable to such evidence after it has been properly adduced, and could be damaging to the parties if a trial takes place."[12] The Copyright Board of Canada earlier that year had included downloading music in the list of "private copying" activities for which tariffs on blank media applied. (Private copying is the act of copying music for personal use from a noninfringing source, and is itself noninfringing.) That made it extremely unlikely that downloaders could be successfully prosecuted, leaving only the possibility of acting against uploaders, those supplying the works to others on the networks. [citation needed] In 2008, the operators of the isoHunt website filed a motion with the Supreme Court of British Columbia seeking a declaratory judgment affirming the legality of their operation. The motion was denied, and the court ruled a full trial was needed. This decision was appealed by the operators of isoHunt; the appeal was also denied. In late 2009, isoHunt filed a formal suit against Music Canada and the four "major" record labels seeking "declaratory relief to clarify its legal rights."[13]

Additionally, in October 2008, the four main members of Music Canada were sued by the estate of Chet Baker and several other artists for copyright infringement. The major claims in this lawsuit are as follows:

  • That some three hundred thousand works were illegally distributed by the Music Canada's members, and
  • That they failed to seek proper licensing and distribution agreements with the creators of the aforementioned works, instead placing the works on what is colloquially referred to as a "pending list" (i.e., any payments to be made for the use of the aforementioned works are reserved, pending an agreement with the artists who created the works).

As the standard punitive damages for each act of infringement is set at $20,000, and there are three hundred thousand works on the "pending lists", Music Canada could have faced punitive damages of a minimum of $6 billion.[14] On November 8, 2011, the suit was settled out of court for over $45 million.[15]

Certification awards

Gold disc for The Last Waltz (1978)
See also: List of certified albums in Canada

Albums

Certification Releases before May 1, 2008[16] Releases after May 1, 2008[16]
Gold 50,000 40,000
Platinum 100,000 80,000
Diamond 1,000,000 800,000

Singles

Prior to September 12, 2016, Music Canada had different certification levels for physical singles and digital downloads singles.[17] On that date, the digital downloads singles award was discontinued and the singles award consisted of sales numbers for digital downloads and physical singles alike. It also includes streams, where 150 on-demand audio streams from a subscription service equals 1 unit towards certification.[16]

Certification Certifications after September 12, 2016
Gold 40,000
Platinum 80,000
Diamond 800,000

Certification before September 2016

Physical singles
Certification Releases before
February 1, 1982[18] 		Releases before
September 2002[18] 		Releases after
September 2002[A]
Gold 75,000 50,000 5,000
Platinum 150,000 100,000 10,000
Diamond 1,500,000 1,000,000 100,000
Digital downloads
Certification Certifications before
January 1, 2007[B][19] 		Certifications until
April, 2010[C][20][21] 		Certifications after May 1, 2010[21]
Discontinued September 12, 2016
Gold 10,000 20,000 40,000
Platinum 20,000 40,000 80,000
Diamond 200,000 400,000 800,000
  • CRIA / Music Canada certified digital download singles (and since September 12, 2016, any singles) applying the most recent certification-levels, even to those titles that are released during the time frame the CRIA had lower certification-levels for digital download singles. One such example is the single "Right Round" by Flo Rida feat. Kesha, which was released in January 2009 when certification-levels for Digital-downloads were 10,000 units for Gold and 20,000 units for Platinum. The CRIA (currently Music Canada) certified it three times Platinum in October 2010, applying the latest certification-levels for sales of 240,000 units.[22]

RingTones (singles)

Ringtone certifications were retired April 1, 2021.[16]

Certification For all RingTone releases[16]
Gold 20,000
Platinum 40,000
Diamond 400,000

Music DVD

Music DVD certifications were retired April 1, 2021.[16]

Certification For all Video releases[16]
Gold 5,000
Platinum 10,000
Diamond 100,000

See also

Notes

  • A ^ One of the first physical singles that was certified with levels of Gold=5,000 and Platinum=10,000 was "A Moment Like This" by Kelly Clarkson,[23] which was released on September 17, 2002.
  • B ^ One of the first digital singles that was certified with levels of Gold=20,000 and Platinum=40,000 was "Paralyzer" by Finger Eleven,[24] which was released as a digital track on March 6, 2007.[25]
  • C ^ One of the first digital singles that was certified with levels of Gold=40,000 and Platinum=80,000 was "OMG" by Usher,[26] which was released as a digital track on March 30, 2010.[27]

References

  1. ^ "About Music Canada". Music Canada. Archived from the original on July 30, 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2011.
  2. ^ "Canadian Recording Industry Association". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on October 9, 2012. Retrieved December 8, 2009.
  3. ^ Larry LeBlanc (29 April 2006). "Indie Revolt Up North". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. pp. 18–. ISSN 0006-2510.
  4. ^ "Canadian Recording Industry Association Changes Name". Billboard. Retrieved July 10, 2011.
  5. ^ "Announcement of New Leadership at Music Canada and CONNECT". Retrieved 25 June 2021.
  6. ^ a b Geist, Michael (12 September 2007). "LeBlanc on HMV and CRIA Stats". Retrieved 8 December 2009.
  7. ^ "Indie labels break with CRIA over commercial radio proposal". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 13 April 2009. Archived from the original on Feb 16, 2007. Retrieved 8 December 2009.
  8. ^ Geist, Michael (6 August 2009). "Manitoba Music Industry Association Distances Self From CRIA On Copyright Reform". Retrieved 8 December 2009.
  9. ^ "Copyright Consulations - Canadian Music Creators Coalition (CMCC)". Industry Canada. 11 September 2009. Archived from the original on 28 October 2009. Retrieved 8 December 2009.
  10. ^ Joudrey, Stephanie (2005-04-22). "Canadian File Sharing Lawsuits Moving Ahead, Vidéotron To Reveal Names". ChartAttack.com. Archived from the original on June 7, 2011. Retrieved 2009-08-10.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  11. ^ BMG Canada Inc. v. John Doe, FC 488 (F.C. 2004).
  12. ^ BMG Canada Inc. v. John Doe, FCA 193 (F.C.A 2005).
  13. ^ "Statement of Claim - isoHunt vs CRIA members" (PDF). 19 November 2009.
  14. ^ "Geist: Record industry faces liability over infringement". The Star. Toronto. 7 December 2009.
  15. ^ Gardner, Eriq (November 12, 2011). "Why Universal Music Sued Its Insurer Over a $14.4 Million Payment to Musicians (Analysis)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved November 19, 2013.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g Music Canada. "Certification Definitions". Music Canada. Retrieved 2015-10-11.
  17. ^ "Certification Definitions". 23 July 2016. Archived from the original on July 23, 2016. Retrieved 30 September 2017.
  18. ^ a b CRIA Reports 46% Rise for Disk Certifications. Billboard magazine. 1982-02-27. Retrieved 2011-07-24.
  19. ^ "Gold & Platinum Certifications: March - August 2006". CRIA. Archived from the original on 2010-10-19. Retrieved 2012-06-24.
  20. ^ "CRIA Gold Platinum Certifications (April 2010)". CRIA. Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved 2015-12-26.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  21. ^ a b "What is Gold Platinum Certification?". Music Canada. Retrieved 2015-12-26.
  22. ^ "Gold & Platinum Certifications: October 2010". CRIA. Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved 2014-10-12.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  23. ^ "Gold & Platinum Certifications: April 2003". CRIA. Archived from the original on November 6, 2012. Retrieved 2015-12-26.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  24. ^ "Gold & Platinum Certifications: August 2007". CRIA. Archived from the original on April 7, 2012. Retrieved 2015-12-26.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  25. ^ "Amazon: Paralyzer". Retrieved 2012-06-24.
  26. ^ "Gold & Platinum Certifications: June 20107". CRIA. Archived from the original on February 12, 2014. Retrieved 2015-12-26.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  27. ^ "Amazon: OMG". Retrieved 2012-06-24.

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