Palácio Monroe

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Monroe Palace
Palácio Monroe
General information
Status	Demolished
Type	Brazilian Congress seat (1914–1920) Brazilian Senate seat (1925–1960)
Architectural style	Eclecticism
Address	Praça Mahatma Gandhi
Town or city	Rio de Janeiro
Country	Brazil
Coordinates	22°54′44.82″S 43°10′31.62″W / 22.9124500°S 43.1754500°W / -22.9124500; -43.1754500
Inaugurated	1906
Demolished	March 1976
Owner	Brazilian government
Technical details
Floor area	1,700 m2 (18,000 sq ft)
Design and construction
Architect(s)	Francisco Marcelino de Sousa Aguiar
Other information
Public transit access	1   2  Cinelândia  1   3  Cinelândia

The Palácio Monroe was a monumental hall in the Centro neighborhood in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It was named in honor of U.S. president James Monroe. It was originally built in the U.S. city of St. Louis to act as the Brazilian Pavilion during the 1904 World's Fair. Following the World's Fair, the building was dismantled and transported in cargo ships to Rio de Janeiro, where it was rebuilt in 1906. Its grand opening at the 3rd Pan-American Conference was held on July 23, 1906. From 1914 to 1920, the palace was used as the home of the Brazilian Congress. From 1925 to 1960 it was used as the home of the Brazilian Senate.

In 1975, the architect and urban planner Lúcio Costa, who was the national chief of the National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage (Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional – IPHAN), created a public controversy by refusing to sign the landmarking act of Palácio Monroe. The building was slated for demolition because of the construction of the Rio de Janeiro Metro, but in the face of public and media outcry, the construction company shifted the line to preserve the building. This effort, however, was in vain, because on October 11, 1975, the Brazilian president Ernesto Geisel authorized the building's demolition and a developer razed the building in March 1976. The decision was contrary to the State of Rio de Janeiro's decision declaring the building an Official Landmark in 1974.^[1] In 1979, the Cinelândia Station was opened as one of the first five stations of the then-new metro network, on the site of the demolished palace.^[2]

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  Palácio Monroe in 1910, during the funeral of Joaquim Nabuco.
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  Palácio Monroe in 1912.
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  Palácio Monroe on a postcard.
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  Interior of the Palácio Monroe, showing the Senate floor.
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  Demolition of the Palácio Monroe in 1976.
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  Plan of the 1st floor of the Palácio Monroe drawn in 1924, preserved in the National Archives of Brazil.

Media related to Palácio Monroe at Wikimedia Commons

• Palácio Monroe – Por que foi demolido? (in Portuguese)

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