Share to: share facebook share twitter share wa share telegram print page

Republic of Pirates

"Pirate Republic" redirects here. For the "corsair republic", see Republic of Salé.
Republic of Pirates
Flying Gang
1706–1718
Flag of Pirate Republic
The islands of modern-day Bahamas
The islands of modern-day Bahamas
CapitalNassau
Common languagesEnglish
Religion
Christianity (de facto)
Demonym(s)Privateer (1706–1714)
Pirate (1714–1718)
GovernmentConfederated proto-state under "Code of Conduct"
• Captain
Benjamin Hornigold (1706–1716)
• Captain
Henry Jennings (1706–1716)
• Captain
Edward Teach (1716–1718)
LegislatureNone (de jure)
Historical eraGolden Age of Piracy
• Established
1706
• Disestablished
12 December 1718
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Colony of the Bahama Islands
Colony of the Bahama Islands
Today part ofThe Bahamas[1]
Turks and Caicos Islands[2]

The Republic of Pirates was the base and stronghold of a loose confederacy run by privateers-turned-pirates in Nassau on New Providence island in the Bahamas during the Golden Age of Piracy[1] for about twelve years from 1706 until 1718. While it was not a republic in a formal sense, it was governed by an informal pirate code, which dictated that the crews of the Republic would vote on the leadership of their ships and treat other pirate crews with civility. The term comes from Colin Woodard's book of the same name.

The activities of the pirates caused havoc with trade and shipping in the West Indies until newly-appointed Royal Governor of the Bahama Islands Woodes Rogers reached Nassau in 1718 and restored British control. Rogers, a former privateer himself, offered clemency to the pirates of the Bahamas, known as the "King's Pardon", an offer many pirates took advantage of, and though a few would return to piracy in the following years, British control of the Bahamas had been secured.

History

See also: Piracy in the Caribbean and Golden Age of Piracy

The era of piracy in the Bahamas began in 1696, when the privateer Henry Avery brought his ship the Fancy loaded with loot from plundering Indian trade ships into Nassau harbour. Avery bribed the governor Nicholas Trott with gold and silver, and with the Fancy itself, still loaded with 50 tons of elephant tusks and 100 barrels of gunpowder.[1] This established Nassau as a base where pirates could operate safely, although various governors regularly made a show of suppressing piracy.[3] Although the governors were still legally in charge, the pirates became increasingly powerful.[1]

The era of true pirate control occurred when a combined Franco-Spanish fleet attacked Nassau in 1703 and again in 1706; the island was effectively abandoned by many of its settlers and left without any English government presence.[1] Nassau was then taken over by English privateers, who became completely lawless pirates over time. The pirates attacked French and Spanish ships, while the French and Spanish forces burned Nassau several more times. Pirates established themselves in Nassau, and essentially established their own republic with its own governors. By 1713, the War of the Spanish Succession was over, but many British privateers were slow to get the news, or reluctant to accept it, and so slipped into piracy. This led to large numbers of unemployed privateers making their way to New Providence to join the republic and swell its numbers. The republic was dominated by two famous pirates who were bitter rivals – Benjamin Hornigold and Henry Jennings. Hornigold was mentor to pirates such as the famous Edward Teach, known as "Blackbeard", along with Sam Bellamy and Stede Bonnet. Jennings was mentor to Charles Vane, "Calico" Jack Rackham, Anne Bonny, and Mary Read. Despite their rivalries, the pirates formed themselves into the Flying Gang and quickly became infamous for their exploits. The Governor of Bermuda stated that there were over 1000 pirates in Nassau at that time and that they outnumbered the mere hundred inhabitants in the town. Blackbeard was later voted by the pirates of Nassau to be their magistrate, to be in command of their republic and enforce law and order as he saw fit.[citation needed]

Pirate Thomas Barrow declared "that he is Governor of Providence and will make it a second Madagascar, and expects 5 or 600 men more from Jamaica sloops to join in the settling of Providence, and to make war on the French and Spaniards, but for the English, they don't intend to meddle with them, unless they are first attack'd by them."[4] While originally the pirates had avoided attacking British ships, this restraint disappeared over time, and at their height, the pirates could command a small fleet of ships that could take on the frigates of the Royal Navy.[citation needed] The amount of havoc caused by the pirates led to an outcry for their destruction, and finally King George I appointed Woodes Rogers as royal governor of the Bahamas to bring the piracy to an end,[5][6][7][8] and offered a pardon to all pirates who turned themselves in.[9]

End of the Republic

Further information: 1717–1718 Acts of Grace § New Providence

News of the King's Pardon was brought first from Bermuda,[10] then by Captain Vincent Pearse of HMS Phoenix,[11] and received a mixed reception,[10] some of those rejecting the pardon being Jacobites.[12] Pearse made a list of 209 pirates on New Providence – fewer than half the pirates on the island – who stated their intention to take the pardon.[12]

In 1718, Rogers arrived in Nassau with a fleet of several ships, bringing with him the authority to grant the King's Pardon. Among those who accepted was Benjamin Hornigold, and, in a shrewd move, Rogers commissioned Hornigold to hunt down and capture those pirates who refused to surrender and accept the royal pardon. As a former privateer himself, Hornigold was well placed to understand what needed to be done, and he pursued his former comrades with zeal. Although pirates such as Charles Vane and Blackbeard evaded capture, Hornigold did take ten pirates prisoner and on the morning of 12 December 1718, nine of them were executed. This act re-established British control and ended the pirates' republic in the Bahamas. Those pirates who had fled successfully continued their piratical activities elsewhere in the Caribbean in what has become known as the Golden Age of Piracy.

Code of conduct

Main article: Pirate code

The pirates ran their affairs using what was called the pirate code, which was the basis of their claim that their rule of New Providence constituted a kind of republic.[13] According to the code, the pirates ran their ships democratically, sharing plunder equally and selecting and deposing their captains by popular vote.[14] Many of the pirates were privateers out of work since the end of the Queen Anne's War and ex-sailors who had revolted against the conditions on merchant and naval ships. Africans could be equal members of the crew, and several people of mixed European and African descent became pirate captains. Some of the pirates were also Jacobites, who had become pirates to help restore the recently deposed Stuart line to the throne. A few female pirates like Anne Bonny and Mary Read were also present.[15]

Pirates of Nassau

Captain Pearse's list of pirates intending to take the King's Pardon

In popular culture

In Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag, fictional character Edward Kenway helps to seize control of Nassau and establish the pirate republic with other major pirates of the Golden Age of Piracy.[17][18]

The TV series Black Sails is largely based on the history and famous historical pirate inhabitants of Nassau. Several characters' motivations are rooted in the idea of establishing a true "Republic of Pirates" in Nassau.[19]

The Netflix limited series The Lost Pirate Kingdom (2021) is also based on the exploits and rivalries of both the Republic of Pirates as well as the Flying Gang and its members, including Benjamin Hornigold, Sam Bellamy, Henry Jennings, and Blackbeard.

The 2022 HBO Max series Our Flag Means Death features the Republic of Pirates in episode 3, "A Gentleman Pirate".

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Woodard, Colin (12 May 2008). The Republic of Pirates: Being the True and Surprising Story of the Caribbean Pirates and the Man Who Brought Them Down. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 978-0-547-41575-8.
  2. ^ "History of Pirates on the Islands of Turks and Caicos". TCVilas.com. 15 November 2021.
  3. ^ Kazerooni, Bijan (26 April 2018). ""All this Shim-Sham Story of Pyrates is an Impudent Libel upon Great Men": The Suppression of Pirates and the Suppression of Dissent in Walpolean Britain". Voces Novae. 8 (1).
  4. ^ Headlam, Cecil (1930). America and West Indies: July 1716 | British History Online (Vol 29 ed.). London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. pp. 139–159. Retrieved 15 October 2017.
  5. ^ Woodard 2007, p. 166.
  6. ^ Woodard 2007, p. 167.
  7. ^ Woodard 2007, p. 168.
  8. ^ Woodard 2007, pp. 262–314.
  9. ^ Brigham, Clarence (1911). British Royal Proclamations Relating to America 1603–1783. Worcester, Massachusetts: American Antiquarian Society. pp. 176–180.
  10. ^ a b Woodard 2007, p. 228.
  11. ^ Woodard, Colin (2014). The Republic of Pirates. Pan Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-44-724608-4. On... February 23, the Phoenix arrived
  12. ^ a b Fox, Edward T. (2010). "Jacobitism and the 'Golden Age' of Piracy, 1715-1725". International Journal of Maritime History. 22 (2): 277–303. doi:10.1177/084387141002200212. S2CID 162372700. Retrieved 1 November 2021.
  13. ^ Ciferri, Alberto (9 August 2019). An Overview of Historical and Socio-economic Evolution in the Americas. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISBN 978-1-5275-3821-4 – via Google Books.
  14. ^ Leeson, Peter T. (31 March 2009). The Invisible Hook. Princeton University Press. doi:10.1515/9781400829866. ISBN 978-1-4008-2986-6 – via degruyter.com.
  15. ^ Schulte,=, R. (2016). "But of Their Own Free-Will and Consent: Anne Bonny, Mary Read, and the Women Pirates in the Early Modern Times". Armstrong Undergraduate Journal of History. 6 (1): 13–28. doi:10.20429/aujh.2016.060102. S2CID 226983057.
  16. ^ Brooks, Baylus C. (2015–2017). "Vincent Pearse to Admiralty—3 Jun 1718". baylusbrooks.com. Baylus C. Brooks. Retrieved 1 November 2021.
  17. ^ Carter, Justin (19 October 2015). "Here's the Entire Assassin's Creed Story So Far". TwinFinite. p. 4. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
  18. ^ Kulcsár, Lili (January 2018). "Introduction". Linguistic Representation of Ethnicities in Assassin's Creed: Black Flag (PDF). University of Jyväskylä. p. 7. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
  19. ^ "The Truth Behind the Black Sails Saga". Archived from the original on 10 August 2019.

Bibliography

External links

Read other articles:

Norwood Colonial Boys Fife & Drum Corps

The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guideline for music. Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources that are independent of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be merged, redirected, or deleted.Find sources: Norwood Colonial Boys Fife & Drum Corps – news · newspapers · books · scholar&…

Caprino (Lugano)

Caprinofrazione Caprino – Veduta LocalizzazioneStato Svizzera Cantone Ticino DistrettoLugano Comune Lugano TerritorioCoordinate45°59′01″N 8°58′46″E / 45.983611°N 8.979444°E45.983611; 8.979444 (Caprino)Coordinate: 45°59′01″N 8°58′46″E / 45.983611°N 8.979444°E45.983611; 8.979444 (Caprino) Altitudine272 m s.l.m. Abitanti400 Altre informazioniCod. postale6823 Prefisso091 Fuso orarioUTC+1 TargaTI CartografiaCaprino…

弗拉基米尔·库拉索夫

弗拉基米尔·库拉索夫原文名Владимир Васильевич Курасов 出生1897年7月19日［儒略曆7月7日］沙俄圣彼得堡逝世1973年11月30日(1973歲—11—30)（76歲）苏联莫斯科墓地新圣女公墓效命 沙俄 苏联 军种 俄羅斯帝國陸軍 苏联红军 服役年份 1915–1917 1918–1973 军衔苏联大将统率 突击第4集团军（英语：4th Shock Army） 苏军中央集群 苏联总参谋部军事学院 参与战争 第一次世界大

Křižatky

Křížatky Křižatky (Tschechien) Basisdaten Staat: Tschechien Tschechien Region: Středočeský kraj Bezirk: Beroun Gemeinde: Králův Dvůr Geographische Lage: 49° 55′ N, 14° 2′ O49.92444444444414.036944444444330Koordinaten: 49° 55′ 28″ N, 14° 2′ 13″ O Höhe: 330 m n.m. Einwohner: 136 (1. März 2001) Postleitzahl: 266 01 Kfz-Kennzeichen: S Verkehr Straße: Králův Dvůr – Tmaň Nächster int. Flughafen: Flugh…

ملف:SpongeBob SquarePants Pearl Krabs.png

ملخص معلومات الملف وصف Image of Pearl Krabs مصدر https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SpongeBob_SquarePants_Pearl_Krabs.png تاريخ 2017 منتج Nickelodeon الإذن(إعادة الاستخدام) انظر أدناه ترخيص هذه الصورة هي توضيح لشخصية أو شخصيات خيالية من مجلة قصص مصورة، أو لعبة فيديو، أو برنامج رسوم متحركة تلفزيونيّ أو سينمائيّ. هذه الصور ذا…

Colin Williams (priest)

The Reverend CanonColin WilliamsArchdeacon of EuropeDioceseDiocese in EuropeIn officeOctober 2015 – March 2019Other post(s)Archdeacon of Lancaster (1999–2005)General Secretary, CEC (2005–2010)OrdersOrdination1981 (deacon); 1982 (priest)by David SheppardPersonal detailsBorn (1952-08-12) 12 August 1952 (age 71)NationalityBritishDenominationAnglicanParentsWilliam and Blanche WilliamsSpouseSingle[1]ProfessionSolicitor (former)Alma materPembroke College, Oxford Colin Henry Wil…

ليكلاين (أوهايو)

ليكلاين   الإحداثيات 41°39′31″N 81°27′14″W / 41.6586°N 81.4539°W / 41.6586; -81.4539  تقسيم إداري  البلد الولايات المتحدة[1]  التقسيم الأعلى مقاطعة لايك، أوهايو  خصائص جغرافية  المساحة 0.227031 كيلومتر مربع (1 أبريل 2010)  ارتفاع 189 متر  عدد السكان  عدد السكان 226 (1 أ

Tabitha (TV series)

American fantasy sitcom, spin-off of Bewitched (1977–1978) This article uses bare URLs, which are uninformative and vulnerable to link rot. Please consider converting them to full citations to ensure the article remains verifiable and maintains a consistent citation style. Several templates and tools are available to assist in formatting, such as reFill (documentation) and Citation bot (documentation). (August 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) TabithaGenreFantasy sitco…

صيغة هيرو

في الهندسة الرياضية، تستخدم صيغة هيرو التي سميت على أسم مكتشفها هيرو السكندري لحساب مساحة المثلث عندما يعرف أطوال أضلاعه الثلاث a و b و c. على عكس صيغ مساحة المثلث الأخرى، ليس هناك حاجة لحساب الزوايا أو مسافات أخرى في المثلث أولاً. صيغة القانون مثلث له أضلاع b، a وcتنص صيغة هيرو

Groupe B de la Coupe du monde de football 2014

Le groupe B de la Coupe du monde de football de 2014, qui se dispute au Brésil du 12 juin au 13 juillet 2014, comprend quatre équipes dont les deux premières se qualifient pour les huitièmes de finale de la compétition. Le tirage au sort a été effectué le 6 décembre 2013 à Salvador de Bahia. Résumé Ce groupe est l'un de ceux surnommés « Groupe de la mort ». La première journée offre la même affiche que la finale du mondial 2010 entre l'Espagne, championne du monde sor…

Karnal Aerodrome

Civil Airstrip in Haryana, India used for general operations and pilot training Karnal Aerodrome and Flying ClubIATA: noneICAO: VI40[1]GPS: VI40[1]SummaryAirport typePublicOwnerCivil Aviation Department, HaryanaOperatorHaryana Institute of Civil AviationLocationKarnal, HaryanaTime zoneIST (UTC+05:30)Elevation AMSL253.51 m / 829 ftCoordinates29°42′51″N 77°02′15″E / 29.71417°N 77.03750°E / 29.71417; 77.03750Websitewww.haraviation.g…

K. Shankar Pillai

Indian cartoonist Keshava Shankar PillaiBorn(1902-07-31)31 July 1902Kayamkulam, British IndiaDied26 December 1989(1989-12-26) (aged 87)Alma materUniversity Science College, TrivandrumOccupation(s)cartoonist, writerYears active1932–1986Known forShankar's WeeklyChildren's Book TrustShankar's International Dolls MuseumAwardsPadma Vibhushan (1976) Kesava Shankar Pillai (31 July 1902 – 26 December 1989), better known as Shankar, was an Indian cartoonist. He is considered the f…

Тобі Магвайр

Тобі Магвайрангл. Tobey Maguire Ім'я при народженні Тобіас Вінсент МагвайрНародився 27 червня 1975(1975-06-27)[1][2] (48 років)Санта-Моніка, окр. Л.-Анджелес, Каліфорнія, СШАГромадянство  СШАДіяльність кіноактор, актор, кінопродюсер, телеактор, актор озвучування, гравец…

1982 Georgia gubernatorial election

For related races, see 1982 United States gubernatorial elections. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: 1982 Georgia gubernatorial election – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) 1982 Georgia gubernatorial election ← 1…

Pedro Pasculli

Argentine footballer Pedro Pasculli Pasculli in 2006Personal informationFull name Pedro Pablo PasculliDate of birth (1960-05-17) 17 May 1960 (age 63)Place of birth Santa Fe, ArgentinaHeight 1.72 m (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in)Position(s) StrikerTeam informationCurrent team Bangor City (technical secretary)Senior career*Years Team Apps (Gls)1977–1980 Colón de Santa Fe 24 (6)1980–1985 Argentinos Juniors 203 (87)1985–1992 Lecce 214 (54)1993 Newell's Old Boys 5 (0)1994 PJM Futures…

A Drop of Nelson's Blood

Sea shanty A Drop of Nelson's Blood is a sea shanty, also known as Roll the old chariot along (Roud No. 3632) The origins are unclear, but the title comes from the line: A drop of Nelson's blood wouldn't do us any harm. Often described as a walkaway or runaway chorus or stamp and go sea shanty, the song features on the soundtrack of the 2019 film Fisherman's Friends.[1] The chorus comes from the 19th century Salvation Army hymn, 'Roll the old chariot'. This song developed into a shanty. …

Mount Santubong

Mountain in Malaysia Mount SantubongMt. Santubong from Santubong BridgeHighest pointElevation810.2 m (2,658 ft)Prominence810 m (2,660 ft)Coordinates01°44′N 110°20′E / 1.733°N 110.333°E / 1.733; 110.333GeographyMount SantubongLocation in Malaysia LocationKuching District, Kuching Division, Sarawak, MalaysiaGeologyMountain typeInselbergClimbingFirst ascentUnknownEasiest routeHike Mount Santubong (Malay: Gunung Santubong) is a mountain in the…

Como Secondary College

School in AustraliaComo Secondary CollegeLocationComo, Perth, Western AustraliaAustraliaCoordinates32°00′12″S 115°52′13″E / 32.0032°S 115.8702°E / -32.0032; 115.8702InformationTypeIndependent public co-educational specialist high day schoolMottoAchieving and celebrating our personal best[citation needed]Established1969; 54 years ago (1969)Educational authorityWA Department of EducationPrincipalDigby MercerYears7–12Enrolment850Campus…

Резервування (техніка)

Резервування підсистеми B Резервування твердих дисків для побудови масиву RAID Резервування промислового комп'ютера Резервування блока живлення (дублювання) Резервува́ння у техніці — спосіб забезпечення надійності об'єкта за рахунок використання додаткових засобів т…

Brigadoon (film)

1954 film by Vincente Minnelli For the 1966 television film, see Brigadoon (1966 film). BrigadoonFrench film posterDirected byVincente MinnelliWritten byAlan Jay LernerBased onBrigadoon1947 musicalby Alan Jay LernerProduced byArthur FreedStarringGene Kelly Van Johnson Cyd CharisseCinematographyJoseph RuttenbergEdited byAlbert AkstMusic byAlan Jay Lerner (Lyrics) Frederick Loewe (Music) Conrad Salinger(orchestrator)ProductioncompanyMetro-Goldwyn-MayerDistributed byLoew's, Inc.Release dates Septem…

Kenneth Keith
Kate Bock
Paul Blobel
Cloudesley Shovell
السباحة الفنية في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية
Auckland isthmus
798
Новая экономическая политика
إف إم-7 (حاسوب)
Ayub Khan (actor)
Louise van Saksen-Gotha-Altenburg (1756-1808)
Dó bemol maior
Tournoi masculin de volley-ball aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 2020
Ellesmere-eiland
Dudley, Stourbridge and District Electric Traction Company
Hermitage of Santa María de La Piscina
نورث تشارلستون
Journée internationale des travailleurs
Alagna
Psi (instant messaging client)
Megan Nicole Flores
Little Big Dream
Juan Pujol García
Lexikon für Theologie und Kirche
Darcy Ribeiro
Marymount School of New York
Mama Do (Uh Oh, Uh Oh)
James Lee (Canadian politician)
Gustav Haydn
Cambodia national football team results (2010–2019)
Lucas Cordalis
Sanjay Leela Bhansali
Чемпіонат Європи з легкої атлетики в приміщенні 1996
Corpo delle infermiere volontarie della Croce Rossa Italiana
Sanford Health
United People's Party (Zimbabwe)
العلاقات الغينية الموريشيوسية
مضاد مستقبلات الهستامين 2
Pemilihan umum Bupati Magelang 2018
The Girl with the Hungry Eyes (1995 film)
Intervención extranjera en la guerra del Pacífico
Banco Central de la Gambia
Meroitic Cursive (blok Unicode)
Air Vegas
Diócesis de Doba
鳥島 (伊豆群島)
برنس أجييمانغ
Bŭzi
Морський звичай
Grand Prix F1 Jepang 1992
Mariastein (Tirol)
Daftar Wakil Wali Kota Kupang
Starfighter (film)
رئيس مجلس الإدارة
Karfreitagsputsch
كميل أرامبورغ
Heinrich Schulz (assassin)
After We Collided
Megaluh, Jombang
Sami Hafez Anan
Katuwana fort
Panjat pinang
Royal Rumble (2006)
Scotland women's cricket team in Ireland in 2021
Viktor Gavrikov
Greek genocide
Gangaram (TV series)
Robin Wood (artist)
Compulsory heterosexuality
Aemilia Tertia
Elongatedness
John D. Hershey
Blockade of Germany (1914–1919)
2021 FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m) – Men's 4 × 50 metre medley relay
John Bateman, 2nd Viscount Bateman
Mac.Robertson Girls' High School
PLATO (комп'ютерна система)
Wayland Baptist University
Santiago: a Myth of the Far Future
HappinessCharge PreCure!
Ye Olden Days
Ceet Fouad
Arthur Nordlie
Narukerä
Néo-classicisme
Tanah Merah Ferry Terminal
Cygnus Solutions
Bermuda at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Tagore Award
Sint-Jozefkerk (Eupen)
Boris Zivkovic (handballer)
Holgate High School
Dara-laut kumis
Heavy Gear
Thiruchitrambalam (soundtrack)
Jessica Ashwood
Nonoko Yoshida
Srikakulam Assembly constituency
The Ledge (film)
Baba of Karo
Fireproof (film)
Hitendra Wadhwa
World Series Cricket results
Thoracodorsal nerve
Team Fortress 2
Olympisches Sportzentrum Qinhuangdao
Evenk constituency
Victoria Village
List of airlines of Fiji
The Midnight Game
Andrew Boff
Castagnola, Switzerland
張韶涵
Carlton, Saskatchewan
Scott Parker
The Glasgow Academy
List of equipment of the Botswana Ground Force
شهرك ميثم (آبجدان)
Edward Henry Potthast
Universitas Mataram
Moldova at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics
Popeye
Gegenes
Comedy Central Records
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in California
刑事 蛇に横切られる
Molotov Cocktail (magazine)
Redmi 9A
Parc national de Mammoth Cave
17th Guards Rifle Division
Gangga Negara
Droz (wrestler)
Amin al-Hafiz
Daftar Bupati Pasuruan
Bishūyama Jun'ichi
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis
Gloucester City High School
Velika Kladuša
فاسكفيسي - فسيفاسي
Divisi Utama Liga Indonesia 1996–97
Republic-Ford JB-2
PP-150 Lahore-VII
Football in Australia
UBiome
M39 lens mount
Shahabaz Aman
Pemilihan umum Presiden Amerika Serikat di Distrik Columbia 2008
Gedung Manege
Rakali
探險活寶 (第七季)
Aeropuerto de Porto Seguro
Google Pay Send
The Keep (film)
Lingayen
Akai Station
Trail of Tears
Міністерство громадської безпеки КНР
Francis Litsingi
Charlie Conacher Humanitarian Award
Видавничий дім «Академперіодика»
Juan Antonio de Frías y Escalante
Belerang tetrafluorida
Brandon Paul
Гладун Зіновій Степанович
Downside Abbey
Vice-Admiral of the coast of Dorset
Aeroflot fleet
1950 in Malaya
Ark Evelyn Grace Academy
Chamaerops humilis
Django Reinhardt
Capitol Records
Superbone
Finn Kalvik
List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War I
Nishinomiya Station (Hanshin)
Sultan Ibraimov
Iron(II) sulfate
John and the Hole
Plutokrasi
Derby Dinner Playhouse
Kristens omvägar
Mitch Ryder
Cornelius van Oyen
Blob-Architektur
Lista de espécies endêmicas da flora da Mata Atlântica
Woke Up Late
Spaventapasseri (Il mago di Oz)
الاتحادية الجزائرية لكرة الطائرة
Allylglycine
عامل منبه لمستعمرات المحببات والبلاعم
Abarsal
أوديكا (سيدي علي)
جائزة ألمانيا الكبرى 1959
29 (angka)
Edward H. Kendall
Daftar Pimpinan HKBP
Andy Lloyd (cricketer)
Daftar presiden Azerbaijan
Michael Kho
De Quervain's thyroiditis
Cincinnati Bengals draft history
Contraofensiva ucraniana de 2023
MS Rotterdam
Edward Leung
Sacramento Kings
Keuskupan Västerås
Huta Raja Hasundutan, Sipoholon, Tapanuli Utara
Daftar keuskupan di Nigeria
Canning Parish, New Brunswick
6 مارس
Beloved (band)
مدينة إبداعية
Flurazepam
The Arizona Cyclone
The Rise of the Tang Empire
Shabana Azmi
Dorking Deepdene railway station
Maesteg
Usingen
Hukum Coulomb
Хоки (провинция)
Dosen
Prostitution in Saudi Arabia
François Cornut-Gentille
Conde de Sieuve de Meneses
Brendan Jones (radio personality)
James Heber Dean House
Hans Hulbækmo
Pudi, Kelumpang Utara, Kotabaru
Западная Украина в составе Польши (1921—1939)
Permintaan turunan
Badalungga, Awayan, Balangan
Gubernur New South Wales
Panhellenion Records
Whanganui
Pilohayanga, Telaga, Gorontalo
Karang Tengah, Babakan Madang, Bogor
Albert Pape
Aintzane Encinas
Stratum lucidum
George Doucett
/infosekolah.net/index.php/en/Agricultural wastewater treatment
/infosekolah.net/index.php/en/Fairey Swordfish
/infosekolah.net/index.php/es/Escribano (desambiguación)
/infosekolah.net/index.php/Keiji Kawamori
/infosekolah.net/index.php/ar/سيسيناند
Kembali kehalaman sebelumnya