Share to: share facebook share twitter share wa share telegram print page

Saint David's Buried Gorge

Saint David's Buried Gorge is an ancient pre-glacial river bed that existed 22,800 years ago on the present-day Niagara Peninsula.[1] The ancient Saint David's River once flowed through this area prior to the advance of the Wisconsin glaciation during the Last Glacial Period. When the glacier retreated 12,000 years ago, the gorge and river valley were filled in with glacial silt and rocks.[2] Approximately 4,200 years ago, the Niagara River intersected the buried gorge in the course of Niagara Falls receding toward Lake Erie.[3] When the river encountered the glacial silt that filled the gorge, the river rapidly changed course to fill the ancient gorge and wash out most of the silt. This led to the formation of the Niagara Whirlpool.[3] The Niagara River reclaimed the gorge and currently flows through part of the ancient gorge. The other part of the ancient gorge extends into Lake Ontario at a different point than the Niagara River.[2] The gorge is estimated to be 4,000 ft (1,200 m) long, 1,000 ft (300 m) wide, and 300 ft (91 m) deep. [2]

In the 1950s, Ontario Hydro dug two tunnels from the upper Niagara River to supply water to the Sir Adam Beck Hydroelectric Plant.[4] These tunnels had to surface when they encountered the St. David's Gorge, as the loose silt in it was unsuitable for tunneling. In 2013, an additional tunnel, the Niagara Tunnel Project, was completed. This tunnel was bored beneath the old gorge to avoid the unsuitable geology.

References

  1. ^ "Niagara Falls Origins - a Geological History". Niagarafrontier.com. 2011-06-23. Retrieved 2011-08-21.
  2. ^ a b c "Niagara Falls Geological History | The St. David's Buried Gorge - Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada". Niagarafallsinfo.com. Retrieved 2011-08-21.
  3. ^ a b "Niagara Whirlpool (FAQ)". Nyfalls.com. Retrieved 2011-08-20.
  4. ^ Ray Spiteri (2013-03-22). "More water, more power: Tunnel in service". Niagara Falls Review. Retrieved 2016-01-28. The tunnels ran only as far as St. David's Buried Gorge, an ancient river valley that crosses the modern Niagara River a few kilometres below the Falls. Since the loose silt filling the gorge couldn't be safely tunnelled through, the tunnels have to veer back up to the surface and the water completes its journey in a canal. The Americans, meanwhile, were also building tunnels to feed a new power plant across the river from the Beck stations, using the even more disruptive cut-and-cover technique, essentially digging a giant trench then covering it.

43°09′00″N 79°05′53″W / 43.150°N 79.098°W / 43.150; -79.098

Read other articles:

Kim Jong-gyu

Questa voce sull'argomento cestisti sudcoreani è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Kim Jong-gyu Kim con la maglia della Corea del Sud Nazionalità  Corea del Sud Altezza 206 cm Peso 98 kg Pallacanestro Ruolo Centro Squadra  Wonju DB Promy Carriera Giovanili Kyung Hee University Squadre di club 2013-2019 Changwon Sakers2019- Wonju DB Promy Nazionale 2011- Corea del Sud Pal...

 

غرفة عمليات مارع

غرفة عمليات مارع مشارك في الحرب الأهلية السورية سنوات النشاط سبتمبر 2014—يناير 2016 (منحلة إلى حد كبير) الأيديولوجيا إسلام سياسي مجموعات لواء صقور جبل الزاويةفيلق الشاملواء فرسان الحقفاستقم كما أمرتلواء أحرار سورياجبهة النصرة (مزعوم)[1]أحرار الشام (مزعوم)[1] قادة ياسر ع

 

Hoàng Lê nhất thống chí

Hoàng Lê nhất thống chí (皇黎一統志, Records of the Unification of Imperial Lê), also known as An Nam nhất thống chí (安南一統志, Records of the Unification of Annam), written by the Writers of Ngô family (吳家文派, Ngô gia văn phái), is a Vietnamese historical novel written in Classical Chinese which consists of 17 chapter based upon the events in the turbulent late 18th century in Vietnam, starting with the political struggles in the final years of lords Trị...

Volxküche

Volxküche beim Protest gegen die Abschiebung von Flüchtlingen in Hannover Abwaschstraße auf der Internationalen Degrowth-Konferenz 2014 in Leipzig Logo der Volxküche in der Uni Wien 2009 Volxküche (VoKü), gelegentlich auch Küche für Alle (KüfA) oder Bevölkerungsküche (BeVoKü) genannt, wird in der linksalternativen Szene ein ein- bis mehrmals wöchentlich stattfindendes, regelmäßiges Gruppenkochen genannt, bei dem Essen zum Selbstkostenpreis oder sogar darunter ausgegeben wird. D...

 

Michigan's 72nd House of Representatives district

American legislative district Michigan's 72nd StateHouse of RepresentativesdistrictRepresentative  Mike MuellerR–Linden Demographics71.7% White12.3% Black6.9% Hispanic5.3% Asian0.8% Other2.9[1]% Remainder of multiracialPopulation (2010)97,109[2] Michigan's 72nd House of Representatives district (also referred to as Michigan's 72nd House district) is a legislative district within the Michigan House of Representatives located in part...

 

Banjire Wis Surut

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Oktober 2016. Banjire Wis Surut PengarangJ. F. X. HoeryNegaraIndonesiaBahasaJawaGenreRomanPenerbit•Yogyakarta: Sanggar Sastra Pamarsudi Sastra Jawi (Bojonegoro) (PSJB) bekerjasama dengan Penerbit NarasiTanggal terbit2006Halaman170 halamanISBNISBN 979-756-492-...

فيليب أندرسون

فيليب أندرسون (بالإنجليزية: Philip Warren Anderson)‏    معلومات شخصية الميلاد 13 ديسمبر 1923[1][2][3][4]  إنديانابوليس[2]  الوفاة 29 مارس 2020 (96 سنة) [5][6][7]  برينستون  مواطنة الولايات المتحدة  الديانة إلحاد[8]  عضو في الجمعية الملكية،  و�...

 

Espectáculo Aéreo La Gran Fuerza de México

Espectáculo Aéreo La Gran Fuerza de México Aviones Pilatus PC-7 de la Fuerza Aérea Mexicana. Estos aviones son las estrellas principales del espectáculo.Aeropuerto Base Aérea Militar N.º 1 de Santa LucíaLocalización Tecámac, Estado de MéxicoPaís  MéxicoEstablecido 2011Tipo MilitarCelebrado Anualmente en agostoEdiciones 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2022Organizador Secretaría de la Defensa NacionalAsistencia 150.000 - 200.000 personasEventos Exhibiciones de vuelo...

 

Threat

Indication of intent of harm For other uses, see Threat (disambiguation). Threats can be subtle or overt. Actor Justus D. Barnes, in The Great Train Robbery A threat is a communication of intent to inflict harm or loss on another person.[1][2] Intimidation is a tactic used between conflicting parties to make the other timid or psychologically insecure for coercion or control. The act of intimidation for coercion is considered as a threat. Threatening or threatening behavior (o...

Lista de crateras de impacto na Terra

Esta lista de crateras de impacto na Terra inclui as crateras de impacto mais notáveis confirmadas listadas na Base de Dados de Impactos na Terra. Estas crateras foram causadas devido à colisão de grandes meteoritos ou cometas com a Terra. O estudo realizado na Universidade de Freiburg, na Alemanha, mostra que o nosso planeta tem 128 crateras de impacto maiores de seis quilômetros de diâmetro[1]. No caso das crateras erodidas ou enterradas, o diâmetro indicado corresponde ao estimado or...

 

Araneus granadensis

Araneus granadensis Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Animalia Filum: Arthropoda Kelas: Arachnida Ordo: Araneae Famili: Araneidae Genus: Araneus Spesies: Araneus granadensis Nama binomial Araneus granadensisKeyserling, 1864 Araneus granadensis adalah spesies laba-laba yang tergolong famili Araneidae. Spesies ini juga merupakan bagian dari genus Araneus dan ordo Araneae. Nama ilmiah dari spesies ini pertama kali diterbitkan pada tahun 1864 oleh Keyserling. Laba-laba ini biasanya banyak ditemui di V...

 

Lesbian

Homosexual woman or girl For other uses, see Lesbian (disambiguation). Sappho and Erinna in a Garden at Mytilene by Simeon Solomon, 1864 Symbol representing lesbian made from two interlocked astronomical symbols for the planet Venus. In biology, the singular symbol represents the female sex.[1][2] Sexual orientation Sexual orientations Asexual Bisexual Heterosexual Homosexual Related terms Androphilia and gynephilia Bi-curious Gray asexuality Demisexuality Non-heterosexual Pan...

Saltaire

Village in West Yorkshire, England Not to be confused with Saltire, Saltair, or Solitaire. SaltaireUNESCO World Heritage SiteSaltaire mills from the Leeds and Liverpool CanalLocationCity of Bradford, EnglandCriteriaCultural: ii, ivReference1028Inscription2001 (25th Session)Area20 haBuffer zone1,078 haCoordinates53°50′14″N 1°47′25″W / 53.83722°N 1.79028°W / 53.83722; -1.79028Map showing location of SaltaireShow map of West YorkshireSaltaire (the United ...

 

Gwagha

Village Development Committee in Lumbini Zone, NepalGwagha ग्वाघाVillage Development CommitteeGwaghaLocation in NepalCoordinates: 28°06′N 83°29′E / 28.10°N 83.48°E / 28.10; 83.48Country   NepalZoneLumbini ZoneDistrictGulmi DistrictPopulation (1991) • Total2,758Time zoneUTC+5:45 (Nepal Time) Gwagha is a village and municipality in Gulmi District in the Lumbini Zone of central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census...

 

The Australian Star

The Star (Sydney) redirects here. For The Star Sydney (Casino), see The Star, Sydney. Australian newspaper (1887–1909) The Australian Star was a daily English-language newspaper published in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, from 1887 to 1909. It was published as The Star, also known as The Star: the Australian Evening Daily, until 1910 and then renamed The Sun, which continued publication until 1988.The Australian Star, front page, 2 January 1888 History Promoted as the new Protectionist...

Arco Norte

Toll highway in Mexico Federal Highway M40DCarretera federal M40DAutopista Arco NorteLibramiento Norte del Valle de MéxicoRoute informationMaintained by Impulsora del Desarrollo y el Empleo en América Latina (IDEAL)Length223 km (139 mi)Major junctionsWest end Fed. 15D / Fed. 55 / Fed. 55D at Atlacomulco, State of MexicoMajor intersections Fed. 57D near Jilotepec de Abasolo, State of Mexico Fed. 85 to Fed. 85D northeast of Tizayuca,...

 

Afsar (2018 film)

2018 Indian filmAfsarTheatrical release posterPunjabiਅਫ਼ਸਰ Directed byGulshan SinghWritten byJatinder LallJass GrewalProduced byAmiek Virk & Manpreet JohalStarringTarsem JassarNimrat KhairaGurpreet GhuggiKaramjit AnmolNarrated byYogesh GroverCinematographyPradeep KhanvilkarEdited byManish MoreMusic byGurcharan SinghProductioncompaniesNadar FilmsVehli Janta FilmsDistributed byOmjee GroupRelease date 5 October 2018 (2018-10-05) (India) CountryIndiaLanguagePunjab...

 

Bill Nye

American science communicator (born 1955) This article is about the American science educator. For the British actor, see Bill Nighy. For other people, see Bill Nye (disambiguation). Everything All at Once redirects here. For the film, see Everything Everywhere All at Once. Bill NyeNye wearing one of his signature bow ties, 2017BornWilliam Sanford Nye (1955-11-27) November 27, 1955 (age 68)Washington, D.C., U.S.NationalityAmericanEducationCornell University (BS)OccupationScience Communic...

Enhanced oil recovery

Extraction of crude oil from an oil field that cannot be extracted otherwise This article is about processes applicable to conventional oil fields. For processes applied to oil sands, see oil sands. This article's lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article. (February 2021) Injection well used for enhanced oil recovery Enhanced oil recovery (abbreviated EOR), ...

 

Russian language in the United States

The Russian language is among the top fifteen most spoken languages in the United States, and is one of the most spoken Slavic and European languages in the country. Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, many Russians have migrated to the United States and brought the language with them. Most Russian speakers in the United States today are Russian Jews. According to the 2010 United States Census the number of Russian speakers was 854,955, which made Russian the 12th most spoken language ...

 
Kembali kehalaman sebelumnya