Social Democratic Populist Party (Turkey)

Social Democratic Populist Party

Sosyaldemokrat Halkçı Parti
Social Democratic Populist Party Sosyaldemokrat Halkçı Parti
Leader	Erdal İnönü
Founded	November 3, 1985 June 28, 2024 (re-founded)
Dissolved	February 18, 1995
Merger of	Populist Party; Social Democracy Party
Merged into	Republican People's Party
Headquarters	Ankara, Turkey
Ideology	Kemalism; Social liberalism; Social democracy; Secularism; Reformism; Civic nationalism; Left-wing populism
Political position	Centre-left
International affiliation	Socialist International
Colors	Red
	Politics of Turkey; Political parties; Elections;

The Social Democratic Populist Party or Social Democratic Popular Party (Turkish: Sosyaldemokrat Halkçı Parti, abbreviated SHP) was a political party in Turkey that formed after the fusion of the Social Democracy Party (Sosyal Demokrasi Partisi, SODEP) of Erdal İnönü and the People's Party of Aydın Güven Gürkan in 1985.

History

The Social Democracy Party (Sosyal Demokrasi Partisi, SODEP) of Erdal İnönü and the People's Party of Aydın Güven Gürkan were founded in 1983 with the upcoming of the democracy after the military coup of 1980. In 1985, the Social Democracy Party and the People's Party merged to create the Social Democratic Populist Party.

In the 1989 local elections, the SHP emerged as the strongest party with 27.8 percent of the vote, winning in six metropolitan areas, 39 provinces, and 283 districts.^[1]

The Kurdish question placed the party under serious strain as the MPs Ahmet Türk, Mehmet Ali Eren, Mahmut Alinak, Kenan Sönmez, Ismail Hakki Önal, Adnan Ekmen and Salik Sumer were of Kurdish origin.^[2]^[3] This was at a time when use of the Kurdish language was forbidden in public and private life. Some of these MPs wanted to take part in the Kurdish Conference in Paris in 1989, to which Chairman İnönü wanted to agree. But after it emerged that representatives of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) could also take part, participation was forbidden. The seven took part anyway and all were expelled from the party,^[4]^[3]^[2] even though the PKK was not present at the congress and in fact protested against it.^[5] As a result, Aydın Güven Gürkan, 12 other MPs of the SHP, dozens of regional party administrators and 3000 party members resigned from the SHP.^[5] As a result, People's Labour Party (HEP) was formed in 1990.

Nevertheless the party was one of the first parties to acknowledge that the Kurdish Question was not just an issue of terrorism. In the South Eastern Report published by the party in 1990 the problems of not acknowledging the Kurds as a distinct ethnic group were noticed. It was emphasized the Kurds should be able to express their Kurdish identity and legal barriers prohibiting this should be lifted.^[4]

During the 1991 Turkish general election, SHP formed an electoral alliance with pro-Kurdish HEP.^[6] After the 1991 general election, the SHP became a partner in the coalition government and İnönü became deputy prime minister (11/20). In the coalition agreement, the SHP insisted on lifting the ban on pre-1980 parties which were dissolved by the military government. The pre-1980 parties were authorized on 19 June 1992.

This was risky for the SHP. Shortly after legalization, a group of SHP MPs resigned from the party and reformed the Republican People's Party (CHP), Erdal İnönü's father's party (most party members were pre-1980 CHP members). The SHP and the CHP, two similar parties, co-existed for a while. On 6 June 1993, İnönü announced that he was planning to resign and Murat Karayalçın was elected as the new president of the party on 11 September 1993. Then the CHP and the SHP agreed to merge on 29 January 1995. Former foreign minister Hikmet Çetin (SHP) became the interim chairman and the merged party chose the name of CHP after İnönü's suggestion.

On June 2024, the party was re-founded by an unknown name. ^[7]^[8]

Leaders

References

^ Ciddi, Sinan (2009-01-13). Kemalism in Turkish Politics: The Republican People's Party, Secularism and Nationalism. Routledge. p. 79. ISBN 9781134025596.
^ ^a ^b "Destroying Ethnic Identity: The Kurds of Turkey" (PDF). Human Rights Watch. July 1990. p. 36.
^ ^a ^b "Almost All Party Chairs Served Jail Term". Bianet. 3 May 2017.
^ ^a ^b Ciddi, Sinan (2009-01-13). Kemalism in Turkish Politics: The Republican People's Party, Secularism and Nationalism. Routledge. p. 78. ISBN 9781134025596.
^ ^a ^b Watts, Nicole F. (2010). Activists in Office. University of Washington Press. p. 62. ISBN 9780295990491.
^ Watts, Nicole F. (1999). "Allies and Enemies: Pro-Kurdish Parties in Turkish Politics, 1990–94". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 31 (4): 631–656. doi:10.1017/S0020743800057123. ISSN 0020-7438.
^ "Sosyal Demokrat Halkçı Parti". Yargıtay Cumhuriyet Başsavcılığı. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
^ Sayın, Ayşe (9 July 2024). "SHP yeniden kuruldu, CHP 'arkasında muhalif bir hareketin olup olmadığını' inceliyor". BBC Türkçe. Retrieved 11 July 2024.