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Sonic Syndicate

Sonic Syndicate
Sonic Syndicate in 2010
Sonic Syndicate in 2010
Background information
Also known asFallen Angels (2002-2005)
OriginFalkenberg, Sweden
GenresMetalcore,[1][2]
alternative metal,[3]
melodic death metal[4][5][6]
Years active2002–2018[a]
LabelsPivotal, Nuclear Blast, Despotz
MembersNathan J. Biggs
Robin Sjunnesson
Michel Bärzén
Peter Wallenäs
Past membersJohn "Runken" Bengtsson
Karin Axelsson
Richard Sjunnesson
Roger Sjunnesson
Roland Johansson
Andreas Mårtensson
Kristoffer Backlund
Magnus Svensson

Sonic Syndicate was a Swedish metalcore band from Falkenberg. They were originally influenced by Swedish melodic death metal bands such as In Flames and Soilwork, as well as American metalcore bands like Killswitch Engage and All That Remains.[7]

The band was founded in 2002 by brothers and songwriters Richard and Roger Sjunnesson (death growl vocals and guitars respectively), with their younger cousin Robin Sjunnesson (guitars) under the name Fallen Angels. They switched to Sonic Syndicate in 2005. The "classic" lineup from 2006 to 2009 included the Sjunnessons with Roland Johansson (clean vocals), Karin Axelsson (bass) and John Bengtsson (drums). Today, the band consists of Robin (now the only original member) alongside British singer Nathan J. Biggs and bass player Michel Bärzén. Since their fourth album We Rule the Night, their sound has slowly shifted away from metal and toward a pop rock style. The band ceased to perform live or release new music by 2018 and has since been on hiatus.

Background

Formation and Eden Fire (2002–2006)

Before Sonic Syndicate, brothers Richard and Roger and their cousin Robin Sjunnesson played in a heavy metal-oriented band called Tunes of Silence, which was formed in 2000, in their teens.[8] In 2002, the brothers Sjunnesson eventually decided to break away from the band to focus on various other aspects of music. This led to the forming of Fallen Angels in 2002 together with Andreas Mårtensson, Magnus Svensson and Kristoffer Backlund.[8] They recorded three demo albums, Fall From Heaven, Black Lotus, and Extinction, before signing with Pivotal Rockordings in 2005.[9] Bassist Karin Axelsson replaced Svensson in 2004 before the band changed its name to Sonic Syndicate and released its debut studio album, Eden Fire. Eden Fire would go on to sell over 10,000 copies by the end of 2010 because of a re-release through Koch Distribution in the US in collaboration with France's Listenable Records.

The band toured extensively throughout Sweden[10][11] in support of Eden Fire, alongside such bands as Avatar. In early February 2006, during their tour with Avatar, both drummer Kristoffer Bäcklund and keyboardist Andreas Mårtensson were asked to leave the band due to lack of interest and musical differences. Kristoffer was replaced by John Bengtsson, whilst lead guitarist Roger Sjunnesson took over on keyboards.[12] 2006 also saw the arrival of Roland Johansson as a permanent member. The band completed the tour, then began demoing new material in early March.

Only Inhuman (2006–2007)

In the summer of 2006, the band entered into a contest held by Nuclear Blast. They sent in their self-titled demo Sonic Syndicate, which included early preproduction versions of the songs "Psychic Suicide", "Blue Eyed Fiend", "Callous" and the album version of "Jailbreak". Out of over 1,500 competing bands, Sonic Syndicate was chosen as one of three winners and offered a new recording contract with the label.[13][14] In November 2006, they entered Black Lounge Studios to record their follow-up to Eden Fire with Jonas Kjellgren of Scar Symmetry.[15] The new album was titled Only Inhuman and was released on 18 May 2007. A video was made for the lead single, "Denied", with renowned producer Patric Ullaeus.

The singers of Sonic Syndicate, Richard Sjunnesson and Roland Johansson, also sang for a compilation album, called Nuclear Blast All-Stars: Out of the Dark with Soilwork guitarist Peter Wichers.[16] The band played at the 2007 Wacken Open Air Festival.[17] Sonic Syndicate played several European festivals and, in the winter of 2007, accompanied Amon Amarth as they toured stateside.[18] The band also participated in the "Darkness Over X-Mas Tour" with Caliban and Heaven Shall Burn, and toured extensively across Europe with Dark Tranquillity and Soilwork. In late November 2007, the Swedish newcomers embarked on a tour with Himsa and Amon Amarth.[19] Later in 2008, they toured with Finnish symphonic metal band Nightwish.[20]

Love and Other Disasters (2008–2009)

Sonic Syndicate in 2009

In March 2008, the band began recording their third release in Jonas Kjellgren's Black Lounge Studios in Avesta.[21] In May 2008, Sonic Syndicate returned to North America as the opening act for Nightwish.[22] In the June 2008, the magazine Revolver named Karin Axelsson the "Hottest Chick in Metal".[23] Love and Other Disasters was released in September 2008. The first single, "Jack of Diamonds", was accompanied by a video again from Patric Ullaeus, who has directed all of the band's videos.[24] Not long after, the second single "My Escape" would follow up, also accompanied by a video from Patric Ullaeus. At the end of the year, the band toured Germany and Scandinavia, and released the singles "Power Shift" and "Contradiction" directed by Marius Böttcher of Quent Film.[25]

On 30 March 2009, it was confirmed that singer Roland Johansson would quit the band because of personal reasons. A search for a replacement immediately went underway, whilst Roland stayed in the band until 29 August, the day of his last show with the band at the Geuzenpop Festival in Enschede, Netherlands (five days after Nathan J. Biggs was announced as the new singer).[26]

On 13 October, Roland Johansson expounded in an interview that his reason for leaving Sonic Syndicate was that he felt severe anxiety and dislike for the lifestyle that went with having to tour all around the world and not being able to spend much time with his loved ones. He also shared that he and Jesper Strömblad (formerly of In Flames) are currently working on an unnamed project, and would start recording an album in the beginning of 2010 (although, as of April 2011, there has still been no sign of any material from the two).[27]

Burn This City (2009)

On 24 August 2009, British vocalist Nathan James Biggs (formerly of The Hollow Earth Theory) was announced as Roland Johansson's replacement.[28] The band has also announced that their next studio album would be released in March 2010. On 25 September, Sonic Syndicate released their debut single with Nathan entitled "Burn This City" and its music video. Shortly after the single release, the band began to stream their other new track "Rebellion in Nightmareland", which was released onto the band's Myspace page.

We Rule the Night (2010–2011)

Karin Axelsson in 2010

Work on the pre-production of a new album begun on 3 January 2010 under producer Toby Wright, recorded at Bohus Sound Studios in Kungälv, Sweden. On 5 March, the band announced that the title for the new album would be We Rule the Night. The album was originally scheduled to be released on 28 May 2010 but was later reset to 30 July 2010. The release date was again pushed back and the album was released on 28 August 2010.[29][30]

The first single from the album is "Revolution, Baby". It appeared first on 5 May on Bandit Rock Radio and was then released to iTunes on 7 May. On 16 April, the video shoot for the music video took place. The director for the shoot was again director Patric Ullaeus.

On 3 June, Sonic Syndicate traveled to Gothenburg, Sweden and began shooting the music video for the second single "My Own Life" with Patric Ullaeus of Revolver Film Company.[31] The single debuted on Bandit Radio on 18 June 2010 and was released as a digital single.[32] On 1 July 2010, Nuclear Blast and Guthenborg TV released the making of the music video for "My Own Life".[33]

The single "Turn It Up" was released on 22 August 2010, followed by the album We Rule the Night on 27 August 2010. During the filming of "Turn It Up", Karin Axelsson was reportedly "seriously injured." Axelsson was hit over the head with a guitar during an act of staged violence, causing a laceration and a brain concussion.[34] Axelsson later made a "brilliant" recovery.[35][36] On 29 September, the video was released, but it was banned on most websites due to its graphic content (including female nudity), and it also resulted in the deletion of their Facebook page (although they created a new one in late 2011).[37] Eventually, a censored video of the song was released, and Nuclear Blast would re-upload the uncut version of the video to other sites.[38]

On 26 October 2010, it was announced that Richard would take a break from touring for personal reasons and to spend time with his family; however, on 28 October, Richard corrected this statement on his blog that his leave was, in fact, permanent due to creative differences. He claimed that the band's label were responsible for changing the musical direction of the band, and expressed disappointment in the band members as a whole for trying to deviate too far from their death metal roots during the recording of We Rule the Night. Christoffer Andersson (of What Tomorrow Brings) filled in the remaining tour dates for Richard but did not become his permanent replacement due to other commitments.[39] Richard went on to form The Unguided with other former Sonic Syndicate members and also joined melodic death metal band Faithful Darkness for a brief period.[8]

After Andersson quit, the role was partially given to guitarist Robin.

Self-titled, Confessions and hiatus (2011–2018)

Robin Sjunnesson and Nathan James Biggs in 2014

In September 2011, Roger stated in an interview (in Swedish) that the band would be taking a break after the summer. Roger and John both focused on The Unguided, Nathan begun reviewing music for Metal Hammer, and Karin has begun to study.[40]

On 7 May 2012, the band announced on Facebook that they would get together once more to co-headline Vekeri Fesztival in Hungary on 21–23 June. Shortly afterwards, Roger Sjunnesson announced that he was no longer a part of the band.[41] Since then, the band has continued with only Robin on guitar duties.

On 5 May 2013, the band announced via Twitter that the hiatus is over. They also announced that they had begun the process of recording a new album.[42] It was announced on 25 April 2014 that the new self-titled album would be released on 4 July. It was also revealed that Björn Strid from Soilwork would provide guest vocals on the track "Before You Finally Break".[43] The band released the first single off the album titled "Black Hole Halo"; the lyric video was released on Nuclear Blast's official YouTube channel on 16 May. The new self-titled album was released on 4 July 2014.

On 7 August 2015, it was announced that Karin Axelsson had left the band and would be replaced by new bassist Michel Bärzén.[44] Then a year later, it was announced that their next album, Confessions, would be released on 14 October 2016.[45]

After the release of the album, the band played a handful of shows throughout 2016, as well as in 2017 and 2018, with their last show so far taking place on August 4, 2018. In a short update posted on their Facebook page in December that year, the band mentioned they were writing songs, but has slowly stopped updating their social media since.


Style and composition

Sonic Syndicate's style has changed radically over the years. Fallen Angels' demos contained no clean vocals at all and had a similar sound to early melodic death metal bands such as Dark Tranquillity and In Flames. Eden Fire featured clean vocals on some tracks as well as some occasional female vocals from bass player Karin Axelsson.

Their second album Only Inhuman had many new additions to the band's sound. Clean vocals were now a full-time feature (by this point, the band had two vocalists rather than one) and the band began to include metalcore elements into their music. It also included the band's first recorded ballad ("Enclave"). Love and Other Disasters featured less "flashy" synths (mostly strings) and mostly slower songs than before and was commercially more successful than Only Inhuman and Eden Fire.

Their 2009 EP Burn This City featured two songs. The title track was radio friendly with mostly clean vocals and synthesizers while the song "Rebellion In Nightmareland" had a somewhat similar sound to Eden Fire and Only Inhuman being very aggressive in dynamic and having both clean vocals and screams lead together.

Their fourth album We Rule the Night is a very soft album compared to all their prior releases, as it includes their sound of metalcore but also incorporates new ones to their style such as pop rock and nu metal. There is also a fair use of acoustic guitars as well as mainstream-influenced synthesizers. Clean vocals are also featured as the lead vocals compared to their previous albums were both harsh and clean vocals were leading together; on We Rule the Night, however, the harsh vocals have been mixed behind layers of distorted guitars, acoustic guitars and mainstream synthesizers, and the clean vocals were left untouched to appeal to a younger, more mainstream audience.[3]

From the beginning to Love and Other Disasters, all of Sonic Syndicate's songs were written by lead guitarist/keyboardist Roger (music) and harsh vocalist Richard Sjunnesson (lyrics) with the exception of "Enclave", where the music was written by other (rhythm) guitarist Robin Sjunnesson and clean singer Roland Johansson. Robin and Roland together wrote the music to about five songs on Love and Other Disasters, with the rest by Roger and all the lyrics as normal were written by Richard. Burn This City and We Rule The Night, however, featured a second lyricist (new singer Nathan J. Biggs) as well as Robin now composing half the music for Sonic Syndicate. This is thought to be one of many things that made We Rule the Night different from their early material.

Band members

Current

Name Role Duration Additional information
Nathan James Biggs lead vocals 2009–2018 Lyricist. Former singer of The Hollow Earth Theory
Robin Sjunnesson guitar, backing vocals 2002–2018 (vocals since 2011) Composer (since 2007)
Michel Bärzén bass 2015–2018
Daniel Petri drums, percussion 2017–2018 Live support drummer.

Former

Name Role Duration Reason for departure and other projects.
John "Runken" Bengtsson drums, percussion 2006–2016 Quit to focus on his family. Former drummer of DØDZ & The Unguided
Karin Axelsson bass 2004–2015 Quit due to personal/family reasons
Roger Sjunnesson guitars & synths 2002–2012 Composer (until 2012). Now performs with The Unguided
Richard Sjunnesson screamed vocals 2002–2010 Main lyricist (until 2010). Now performs with The Unguided
Roland Johansson clean & screamed vocals 2005 (guest); 2006–2009 (full-time) Quit due to issues with touring and personal life. Former member of The Unguided
Kristoffer Bäcklund drums, percussion 2002–2006 Asked to leave due to lack of devotion to the band. Later became vocalist for "What Tomorrow Brings"
Andreas Mårtensson keyboards 2002–2006 Asked to leave due to lack of devotion to the band.
Magnus Svensson bass guitar 2002–2004 Undisclosed.

Session musicians

Name Instrument Membership Reason for departure and current bands
Christoffer Andersson harsh vocals 2010–2011 Filled in for Richard Sjunnesson after his departure in 2010, former scream vocalist of Dead By April (2013–2017)
Robert Sjunnesson lead guitar 2005 Performed a guest guitar solo on "Soulstone Splinter" from Eden Fire
Nick Red keyboards 2008 Performed keyboards on "My Escape," "Fallout" & "Contradiction" from Love and Other Disasters. Currently plays in Blowsight
Peter Wallenäs drums, percussion 2016–2017 Live support drummer.

Timeline

Discography

Discography

Studio albums

Tours

Main tours

  • Inhumanizing Tour (2007–2008)
  • Spreading Love and Other Disasters Tour (2008–2009)
  • Burn This City Tour (2009–2010)
  • We Rule the World Tour (2010–2011)
  • Diabolical Tour of Art (2014-2015)
  • Confessions Tour (2016-2018)
  • Eastpak Antidote Tour (2007)
  • Darkness Over Xmas Tour (2007)
  • Darkness Over Xmas Tour (2008)
  • In Full Effect (2010)

Supporting tours

Festivals

Awards

In 2008, Sonic Syndicate won the award for best newcomer at the Swedish Metal Awards and at the Bandit Rock Awards.[46] Sonic Syndicate, along with Patric Ullaeus, won the award for best music video for their music video of "Burn This City" in 2010 at the Swedish Metal Awards.[47] They also nominated and won the award for "Best Swedish Group" at the Bandit Rock Awards of 2010.[48] In 2010, Sonic Syndicate was nominated for "Up and Coming!" award at the Metal Hammer Awards in Germany.[49]

References

  1. ^ Bowar, Chad. "Sonic Syndicate – Only Inhuman Review". About.com. Retrieved 4 January 2012.
  2. ^ Bowar, Chad. "Review of Love and Other Disasters by Sonic Syndicate". About.com. Retrieved 4 January 2012.
  3. ^ a b "Sonic Syndicate – We Rule The Night (staff review)". Sputnikmusic. 27 August 2010. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  4. ^ Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Sonic Syndicate". AllMusic. Retrieved 16 June 2009.
  5. ^ Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Only Inhuman review". AllMusic. Retrieved 16 June 2009.
  6. ^ Sharpe-Young, Garry. "Sonic Syndicate". MusicMight. Archived from the original on 14 October 2012. Retrieved 16 June 2009.
  7. ^ "Interview of Sonic Syndicate (Swedish Heavy-Metal band) for the "Only Inhuman" release". Auxportesdumetal.com. May 2007. Retrieved 1 December 2008. I guess the quotient of bands we jointly listened to during the time we wrote the songs was: Killswitch Engage, In Flames, Soilwork, Bullet for my Valentine, Story of the Year, and All That Remains. But I mean that's just about scratching the surface of what influenced us all in creating the music we play in Sonic Syndicate.
  8. ^ a b c "Richard Sjunnesson – What bridge to cross and what bridge to burn". Richardsjunnesson.blogg.se. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  9. ^ "Sweden's Sonic Syndicate Sign with Pivotal Rockordings". Roadrunnerrecords.com. Retrieved 1 December 2008.
  10. ^ "Sonic Syndicate: Live Dates Announced". Roadrunnerrecords.com. Retrieved 1 December 2008.
  11. ^ "Sonic Syndicate, Avatar, Inevitable End to Team up for Sweden United Tour". Roadrunnerrecords.com. Retrieved 1 December 2008.
  12. ^ "Sonic Syndicate Part Ways with Drummer, Announce Replacement". Roadrunnerrecords.com. Retrieved 1 December 2008.
  13. ^ "Sonic Syndicate Only Inhuman Enters Swedish Chart at No. 22". Roadrunnerrecords.com. Retrieved 1 December 2008.
  14. ^ "Sweden's Sonic Syndicate Land Nuclear Blast Deal in Band Contest". Roadrunnerrecords.com. Retrieved 1 December 2008.
  15. ^ "Sonic Syndicate to Enter Studio this Month". Roadrunnerrecords.com. Retrieved 1 December 2008.
  16. ^ "Ex-Soilwork Guitarist Completes Work on 'Nuclear Blast All-Stars' Project". Roadrunnerrecords.com. Retrieved 1 December 2008.
  17. ^ "Enslaved, Heaven Shall Burn, Moonsorrow Confirmed for Wacken Open Air". Roadrunnerrecords.com. Retrieved 1 December 2008.
  18. ^ "Sonic Syndicate: 'Sonic TV' Episode Three Posted Online". Roadrunnerrecords.com. Retrieved 1 December 2008.
  19. ^ [1] Archived 21 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  20. ^ "Sonic Syndicate website". Mngmusic.net. Retrieved 1 December 2008.
  21. ^ "Sonic Syndicate to Enter Studio Tomorrow". Roadrunnerrecords.com. Retrieved 1 December 2008.
  22. ^ "Sonic Syndicate to Support Nightwish in North America". Roadrunnerrecords.com. Archived from the original on 21 April 2008. Retrieved 1 December 2008.
  23. ^ "'Hottest Chicks In Metal' Revealed". Roadrunnerrecords.com. Archived from the original on 19 September 2008. Retrieved 1 December 2008.
  24. ^ "Sonic Syndicate: 'Love And Other Disasters' North American Release Date Announced". Roadrunnerrecords.com. Retrieved 1 December 2008.
  25. ^ "Sonic Syndicate: 'Powershift' Video To Premier Tomorrow". Roadrunnerrecords.com. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  26. ^ "Sonic Syndicate singer quits". idiomag. 30 March 2009. Retrieved 31 March 2009.
  27. ^ "Roland Johansson's interview with Heavyhell". Heavyhell.com. 13 October 2009. Archived from the original on 10 March 2012. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  28. ^ "Sonic Syndicate- New vocalist announced". Roadrunnerrecords.com. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  29. ^ "Sonic Syndicate – We Rule The Night – Nuclear Blast". Nuclearblast.de. 27 August 2010. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  30. ^ "The world's biggest Heavy-Metal Label, Merchandise & Mailorder – Nuclear Blast". Nuclearblast.de. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  31. ^ "ONE STEP CLOSER! - Sonic Syndicate av och med Sonic Syndicate". Archived from the original on 24 August 2010. Retrieved 7 June 2010.
  32. ^ "Sonic Syndicate: New Single To Debut Tomorrow". Roadrunnerrecords.com.
  33. ^ "::::: Sonic Syndicate". Mngmusic.net. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  34. ^ "Sonic Syndicate Bassist 'Seriously Injured' During Video Shoot". Roadrunnerrecords.com. Archived from the original on 5 August 2010. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  35. ^ "Sonic Syndicate Bassist Seriously Injured During Video Shoot". Bravewords.com. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  36. ^ "Sonic Syndicate Bassist Makes 'Brilliant Recovery' After Being Injured During Video Shoot". Roadrunnerrecords.com. Archived from the original on 19 September 2012. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  37. ^ Blabbermouth (4 October 2010). "SONIC SYNDICATE Frontman Explains Controversial 'Turn It Up' Video". BLABBERMOUTH.NET. Retrieved 31 August 2023.
  38. ^ "SONIC SYNDICATE - "Turn It Up" UNCUT version online again!". Nuclear Blast. 1 October 2010. Retrieved 31 August 2023.
  39. ^ "Richard Sjunnesson – Let's fix what is not broken..." Richardsjunnesson.blogg.se. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  40. ^ "Sonic Syndicate pauser (pauses)". Retrieved 1 September 2011.
  41. ^ "Roger leaves Sonic Syndicate". Blabbermouth.net. 12 June 2012. Retrieved 25 August 2020.
  42. ^ "Sonic Syndicate update 1 2013". YouTube.[dead YouTube link]
  43. ^ "Sonic Syndicate: New Album Details Revealed". Blabbermouth.net. 25 April 2014.
  44. ^ "Sonic Syndicate Official is with Luz Maria" (Press release). Sonic Syndicate. 7 August 2015 – via Facebook.
  45. ^ "Sonic Syndicate To Release 'Confessions' Album In October". Blabbermouth.net. 5 August 2016. Retrieved 5 August 2016.
  46. ^ "Swedish Metal Awards Winners Announced". Metalunderground.com. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  47. ^ "Swedish Metal Awards 2018 – Rock, Metal, Indie, Punk". Swedishmetalawards.com. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
  48. ^ "In Flames, Killswitch Engage, Sonic Syndicate Honored At Bandit Rock Awards". Roadrunnerrecords.com. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  49. ^ "Metal Hammer Awards 2017". Metal-hammer.de. Retrieved 31 October 2017.

Notes

  1. ^ Currently on hiatus.

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Pakistani actor and model Farhan Ahmad MalhiBorn (1992-11-24) November 24, 1992 (age 31)Lahore, PakistanEducationNational College of Business Administration and Economics (MBA)OccupationsActorModelYears active2012 - present Farhan Ahmad Malhi (Urdu: فرحان احمد ملہی) is a Pakistani actor, model and former video jockey.[1][2] He is known for his roles in dramas Kaisay Tum Se Kahoon, Hiddat, Uraan, Kaisa Hai Naseeban, Banno and Mohabbat Chor Di Maine.[3...

Port Adelaide Football Club2023 seasonPresidentDavid KochCoachKen Hinkley (AFL)Lauren Arnell (AFLW)Tyson Goldsack (SANFL)Captain(s)Tom Jonas (AFL)Erin Phillips (AFLW)Cameron Sutcliffe (SANFL)Home groundAdelaide Oval (AFL)Alberton Oval (AFLW)Alberton Oval (SANFL)Regular season3rd (AFL)15th (AFLW) 5th (SANFL)Finals seriesSemi Final (AFL)DNQ (AFLW)Elimination Final (SANFL) ← 2022 2024 → The 2023 Port Adelaide Football Club season was the club's 27th season in the Australian Football ...

 

Indian actress (born 1941) This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous.Find sources: Bindu actress – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (October 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this temp...

 

Halaman ini berisi artikel tentang peran kementerian junior dalam Jawatan Luar Negeri & Persemakmuran Britania. Untuk pegawai sipil senior di departemen tersebut, lihat Menteri Negara Tingkat Rendah Permanen untuk Urusan Luar Negeri. Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville, Menteri Negara Tingkat Rendah untuk Urusan Luar Negeri dari 1840 sampai 1841 Menteri Negara Tingkat Rendah Parlementer untuk Urusan Luar Negeri telah menjadi jabatan junior dalam pemerintahan Inggris sejak 1782, su...

この記事は検証可能な参考文献や出典が全く示されていないか、不十分です。出典を追加して記事の信頼性向上にご協力ください。(このテンプレートの使い方)出典検索?: ウィーン工科大学 – ニュース · 書籍 · スカラー · CiNii · J-STAGE · NDL · dlib.jp · ジャパンサーチ · TWL(2023年8月) ウィーン工科大学 Technische Universität Wien...

 

  هذه المقالة عن مبايعة محمد بن زعموم الزواوي (1830). لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع زعموم (توضيح). مبايعة محمد بن زعموم (1830)  → 23 جويلية 1830م   دولة الأمير عبد القادر مبايعة محمد بن زعموم تمت بتاريخ 3 صفر 1246 هـ الموافق 23 جويلية 1830م في برج تامنتفوست بجوار برج البحري غير بعيد عن القصبة �...

 
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