St. Michael's Cathedral, Alba Iulia

St. Michael's Cathedral
St. Michael's Cathedral
	St. Michael's Cathedral Location in Romania
	46°04′03″N 23°34′12″E / 46.0676°N 23.5700°E
Location	Alba Iulia
Country	Romania
Denomination	Roman Catholic
History
Status	Active
Founded	13th century
Founder(s)	Stephen I of Hungary
Architecture
Functional status	Cathedral
Architectural type	Church
Style	Romanesque and Gothic
Administration
Archdiocese	Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Alba Iulia
Clergy
Archbishop	Gergely Kovács

St. Michael's Cathedral (Romanian: Catedrala Sfântul Mihail, Hungarian: Gyulafehérvári Szent Mihály érseki székesegyház) is the cathedral of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Alba Iulia, Romania, and is the oldest and longest cathedral in the country.

History

The diocese of Gyulafehérvár was founded by Stephen I of Hungary in 1009. The construction of the first cathedral was begun that time, though was completed only in the end of the century, under the rule of Ladislaus I. During the same period, towards the end of the 11th century they began constructing the second cathedral. The transversal naves and the first part of the sanctuary of the present cathedral were built in Romanesque style. During the Mongol invasion of 1241, the church was destroyed. In the middle of the 13th century the cathedral was rebuilt on the old foundation, in the transitory style between Romanesque and Gothic. Not much later, in 1277, Saxons pillaged the cathedral and set it on fire. In the 15th century, the building was reconstructed. In 1439, it was again damaged after a Turkish invasion during the Ottoman–Hungarian wars. The archbishop of Esztergom and the regent-governor of Hungary, John Hunyadi contributed to the reconstruction – this was the time when the latter one chose the cathedral of Gyulafehérvár as a burial place. During the first part of the 16th century, the building was improved, and further parts were added to it. In 1601, during the Wallachian invasion led by Michael the Brave, the cathedral was pillaged, even the tombs of the Hunyadis were damaged. In 1603, the Habsburg army, led by Giorgio Basta sieged the building. In 1658, during the next invasion of the Ottomans, the cathedral was damaged again.

Architecture

Burials

A list of people interred here:

John Hunyadi, Regent-Governor (1446–1453) of the Kingdom of Hungary^[1]
Queen Isabella, the wife of John Zápolya
John II Sigismund Zápolya, King of Hungary from 1540 to 1570 and Prince of Transylvania from 1570 to 1571
Andrew Cardinal Báthory, Prince-Bishop of Warmia, and Prince of Transylvania in 1599
Princess Henrietta Marie of the Palatinate (1626-1651), daughter of Frederick V of the Palatinate and Elizabeth Stuart
Áron Márton (1896-1980), Roman Catholic bishop, Righteous Among the Nations

Gallery

Interior
Tower
Choir

References

^ Muresanu, Camil (2001). John Hunyadi : Defender of Christendom. The Center for Romanian Studies. p. 200. ISBN 973-9432-18-2. The body of the hero was brought to Transylvania and buried in the Catholic cathedral in Alba Iulia