Tales of the City (1993 miniseries)

*Tales of the City*
Tales of the City
	DVD cover
Also known as	Armistead Maupin's Tales of the City
Genre	Drama
Based on	Tales of the City; by Armistead Maupin
Screenplay by	Richard Kramer
Directed by	Alastair Reid
Starring	Olympia Dukakis; Donald Moffat; Chloe Webb; Laura Linney; William Campbell; Paul Gross; Marcus D'Amico; Thomas Gibson; Barbara Garrick; Nina Foch; Stanley DeSantis;
Theme music composer	John Keane
Country of origin	United Kingdom; United States;
Original language	English
No. of episodes	6
Production
Producers	Antony Root; Alan Poul;
Cinematography	Walt Lloyd
Editor	David Gamble
Running time	360 min.
Production companies	Working Title Films; Propaganda Films;
Original release
Network	Channel 4
Release	28 September 1993
Related
	Armistead Maupin's Tales of the City (2019)

Tales of the City (formally Armistead Maupin's Tales of the City) is a 1993 television miniseries based on the first of the Tales of the City series of novels by Armistead Maupin.

To date, the first three books have been adapted into television miniseries; the first, Tales of the City, was produced by the UK's Channel 4 and was first screened in the UK in 1993, then shown on PBS in the US in January 1994. Channel 4 eventually teamed up with the American cable network Showtime to produce the sequel, More Tales of the City, which premiered in the US and UK in 1998. The third installment of the series, Further Tales of the City, was produced by Showtime (without Channel 4) and was originally aired in the US on Showtime in May 2001.

A fourth installment, Armistead Maupin's Tales of the City, premiered on Netflix on June 7, 2019, with Laura Linney, Olympia Dukakis, Barbara Garrick and Paul Gross reprising their roles.^[1]

Premise and release

Following the storyline in Maupin's first book, the first miniseries begins in the summer of 1976, following Mary Ann's decision to remain permanently in San Francisco following her vacation there and spans the next several months, concluding on New Year's Day 1977.

The miniseries premiered on Channel 4 in the UK on 28 September 1993, and was screened by PBS in the US in January 1994. Amid the controversy surrounding the homosexual themes, nudity, and illicit drug use in the miniseries, Tales of the City gave PBS its highest ratings ever for a dramatic programme. In deference to local standards, PBS gave stations the option of showing an edited version in which male and female body parts were obscured by pixelation. The original six-part miniseries was produced by Britain's Channel 4 Television Corporation in conjunction with San Francisco's PBS station KQED and PBS' American Playhouse. Despite the ratings success of Tales of the City, PBS bowed to threats of federal funding cuts and announced it would not participate in the television production of the sequel, More Tales of the City.

Cast and characters

Character	Tales of the City 1993	More Tales of the City 1998	Further Tales of the City 2001	Tales of the City 2019
Anna Madrigal	Olympia Dukakis
Mary Ann Singleton	Laura Linney
DeDe Halcyon Day	Barbara Garrick
Dr. Jon Fielden/Fielding^[2]	William Campbell
Connie Bradshaw	Parker Posey
Michael "Mouse" Tolliver	Marcus D'Amico	Paul Hopkins		Murray Bartlett
Brian Hawkins	Paul Gross	Whip Hubley		Paul Gross
Frannie Halcyon	Nina Foch	Diana Leblanc
D'orothea Wilson	Cynda Williams	Françoise Robertson
Mona Ramsey	Chloe Webb	Nina Siemaszko
Beauchamp Day	Thomas Gibson
Prue Giroux	Mary Kay Place		Mary Kay Place
Edgar Halcyon	Donald Moffat
Norman Neal Williams	Stanley DeSantis
Charles Hillary Lord	Paul Bartel
William Devereaux Hill	Lance Loud
Richard Evan Hampton	Bob Mackie
Archibald Anson Gidde	Ian McKellen
Binky Gruen	Meagen Fay
Candi Moretti	Stephanie Faracy
Booter Manigault	McLean Stevenson
Lionel Wong	Phillip Moon
Chuck	Lou Liberatore
Coppola Woman	Janeane Garofolo
Motherly Waitress	Mother Love
Father Guido Sarducci	Don Novello
Mimi Fariña	herself (cameo)
Ruby Miller	Edie Adams
Bookstore Owner	Rod Steiger
Karen Black	herself (cameo)
Emma (Frannie's Maid)	Uncredited	Jackie Richardson
Mona "Mother Mucca" Ramsey		Jackie Burroughs
Betty Ramsey		Swoosie Kurtz
Burke Andrew		Colin Ferguson
Jack Lederer		Edward Asner
Helena Parrish		Domini Blythe
Mildred		Sheila McCarthy
Birdsong		Gregory Calpakis
Transplant Man		Peter Colvey
Bluegrass		Paul Phatisis
Cop		Vince Sheffield
Nurse Thelma		Gwen Tolbart
Luke			Henry Czerny
Cage Tyler			John Robinson
Bambi Kanetaka			Sandra Oh
Father Paddy Starr			Bruce McCulloch
Royal Reichenbach			John McMartin
Willie Omiak			Lea DeLaria
Ned Lockwood			Ted Whittall
Shawna Hawkins				Elliot Page^[a]
Ben Marshall				Charlie Barnett
Jake Rodriguez				Garcia
Margot Park				May Hong
Claire Duncan				Zosia Mamet
Wrenita Butler				Michelle Buteau
Samuel Garland				Victor Garber

Episodes

No.	Title	Directed by	Written by	Original air date
1	"1.1"	Alastair Reid	Richard Kramer	September 28, 1993 (1993-09-28)
Mary Ann Singleton decides to stay in San Francisco. After a crappy evening at her friend Connie's, she moves into her own place on Barbary lane where she meets landlady Anna Madrigal, and her fellow residents Mona Ramsey and Brian Hawkins. After Mona helps Mary Ann to get a job, she meets Beauchamp Day, her new boss' son-in-law who is unhappily married to Dede Halcyon. Anna begins a relationship with Edgar Halcyon who is dying.
2	"1.2"	Alastair Reid	Richard Kramer	October 5, 1993 (1993-10-05)
Mary Ann Singleton goes on a weekend getaway with Beauchamp who later ignores her at work. Mona is fired after a client meeting not long after Michael "Mouse" moves in with Mona. Michael meets Jon at roller blading. Brian has multiple flings including Connie. Dede learns of Beauchamp's affair and sleeps with the delivery man. After a conversation with her parents, Mary Ann decides to stay in town.
3	"1.3"	Alastair Reid	Richard Kramer	October 12, 1993 (1993-10-12)
Mary Ann joins a help hotline after speaking with Mona. Dede approaches her about her husband before returning home to her unhappy marriage. Mary Ann meets the newest resident, Norman, who lives on the roof. Mona and Anna got out together on the eve of Mona's 3rd year as a tenant of Barbary Lane. After rude comments about her weight, DeDe goes on a retreat to lose weight. Michael joins Jon at a dinner with pretentious gays. As Edgar continues his affair, his wife is left alone with their maid. D'orothea calls up Mona. When DeDe returns, Beauchamp becomes more attentive to her. After competing in an underwear dance contest, Mouse loses Jon.
4	"1.4"	Alastair Reid	Richard Kramer	October 19, 1993 (1993-10-19)
Michael is surprised to learn that his parents are visiting so he hides his sexuality. Mona meets up with her old fling D'orothea who wants her back, causing Mona to decide to move in with D'orothea which upsets Michael. Anna and Edgar continue their affair. Mary Ann grows closer to Brian after her boss at the hotline kills himself. Mary Ann begins to get to know Norman who is spending time with a young girl named Lexi. This includes joining him and Lexi trick-or-treating. DeDe learns she's pregnant at Jon's gynecologist office. While an art exhibit, DeDe is approached by reporter Carson Callas about her pregnancy. Michael learns that Mona never told Anna about moving out, which upsets her.
5	"1.5"	Alastair Reid	Richard Kramer	October 26, 1993 (1993-10-26)
Brian is surprised when he goes home with a woman that he already had been there before with her roommate, who he later learns is her daughter. Michael sends his parents home. Norman goes snooping into Anna Madrigal's past. Mona is upset with D'orothea when she spends all her time on the phone with people in New York. DeDe sleeps with Carson and then returns home to Beauchamp who admits to having no desire for children. Beauchamp approaches Mary Ann, hoping to take her out but she declines as she is still seeing Norman. After his birthday dinner, Norman tries to fill Mary Ann in on the fact he is coming into money. Mona and D'orothea fight over the fact that D'orothea doesn't speak to her parents who live nearby. Michael and Brian get high together before deciding to cruise together. After a crap night with his friends, Jon heads to the bath house where he is picked up by Beauchamp. Halcyon receives a letter about Anna from Norman which he mentions to her as the man was trying to blackmail him. Anna reveals that she is a liar to him.
6	"1.6"	Alastair Reid	Richard Kramer	November 2, 1993 (1993-11-02)
Anna sets up an upcoming party for Christmas Eve by inviting all the residents of Barbary Lane. Mary Ann shares her excitement of Christmas with Michael. Brian learns that the waitress he slept with before now had a new guy. Mona goes looking for D'orothea's parents and learns that D'orothea's father is white before inviting D'or's parents to Christmas Eve dinner. DeDe decides to have the baby, something she reveals to Jon. Jon then dumps Beauchamp at lunch at the same restaurant that Brian works at. Michael fills Mona in on Anna's party but she declines on behalf of her dinner with D'orothea and her parents. Norman continues to try blackmailing Edgar over the news that Anna was transgender. After another strange conversation with Norman, Mary Ann decides to break into the man's place where she learns that he has child porn. Unnerved by the photos in Norman's apartment, Mary Ann goes to an art museum the next day before calling him to meet her. When Norman arrives to help Mary Ann, they go on a walk by a cliff and they argue to which he admits to also being a private investigator before falling off the side of the cliff to his death. When both D'orothea's parents arrive, Mona learns that D'orothea has lied about being black for work. D'orothea and her parents reconcile. At Barbary Lane, the party has begun with Brian having invited Connie. Mona shows up after D'orothea leaves with her parents moments before Mary Ann heads home. She enters Norman's place and burns his Anna Madrigal file without reading it. Mary Ann then heads into the party. At home Edgar is ill in bed when his daughter reveals that she's pregnant to which he asks her to name her daughter Anna. Mona asks to move back in. Days later Mary Ann fills Michael in on Norman's death as Anna goes to Edgar's grave as the man had died.

Production

Premium cable channel HBO acquired the rights to the first two Tales of the City books in 1982 in the hopes of turning them into a weekly sitcom. Pre-production began in the fall of that year with a pilot script by Richard Kramer. Kramer described the script as a "Mary Tyler Moore for the '80s". In the face of the rising AIDS epidemic and a changing social climate in the conservative Reagan era, HBO reportedly felt that the book's celebratory attitude toward homosexuality, casual sex and marijuana usage would not be deemed acceptable by the viewing public. The channel considered toning down the stories and making the series a period piece but ultimately decided to scrap the project.^[3]

The rights to the first book were later picked up by the British network Channel 4 and US network PBS, who produced it jointly as a six-part series in 1993. It was first shown in the UK in 1993 and in the US in 1994. However, its airing on PBS was controversial, with political figures criticizing the network for airing an LGBT-oriented series. The network backed out of co-producing or airing any follow-up installments.^[4]

Reception

In 2005, Entertainment Weekly named Tales of the City one of the ten best miniseries on DVD.^[5] Calling Linney the "breakout star," the article called the series "a time capsule that treats its characters with humor, respect, and a sexual frankness (there's some brief nudity) that was uncommon for PBS in 1993 and would be politically impossible there today."^[5]

Sequels

Kevin Tierney, a Canadian producer of television films for Showtime with his firm Productions La Fête, later convinced the network to revive production of the series.^[6] More Tales and Further Tales were produced in Montreal by Productions La Fête and directed by Pierre Gang, and aired in 1998 and 2001 respectively. Some of the cast of the sequel series remained constant, although other roles were cast or recast with Canadian actors.

Despite the changes in production companies, the same actors played four of the central characters throughout all three miniseries: Laura Linney played Mary Ann Singleton; Olympia Dukakis played the matriarch, Mrs Anna Madrigal; Barbara Garrick played DeDe Halcyon Day; and Billy Campbell (credited as "William Campbell") played Dr Jon Philip Fielding. In addition, Thomas Gibson reprised his Tales role as Beauchamp Day in More Tales and Mary Kay Place, who had a cameo as Prue Giroux in Tales, played that role as a major character in Further Tales. Parker Posey, who played Mary Ann's high school friend Connie Bradshaw in the first series, appears briefly in both the second and third instalments. In More Tales of the City, Paul Hopkins was cast in the role of Mouse, Whip Hubley played Brian, and Nina Siemaszko was Mona. Hopkins and Hubley returned for Further Tales of the City. Armistead Maupin himself made cameo appearances in all three miniseries.

Regarding the recasts of Brian, Mouse and Mona for the sequels, Maupin has said, "Paul Gross was committed to his own TV series, Due South. Chloe Webb had expressed enthusiasm about playing Mona again, but she backed out when the show's producers declined her request to be paid more than the rest of the cast (the show was operating under a 'favored nations agreement' that required leading cast members to be paid equally.) While everyone felt Chloe was important to Tales, she was not more important than Laura Linney, Thomas Gibson, Billy Campbell or Barbara Garrick. Despite the rumors, it is not true that Marcus D'Amico wasn't invited back because of issues surrounding his sexuality. The production team met with Marcus and he expressed 'ambivalence' about returning to the role of Mouse. The director felt it was important to find someone who would enthusiastically embrace the role."^[7]

More Tales of the City (1998)

In More Tales of the City, Mona discovers her true heritage when she winds up in a brothel in Nevada, run by Mother Mucca (Jackie Burroughs); on a cruise to Mexico with a lovelorn Michael, Mary Ann falls in love with Burke, a man without a past; DeDe decides to have her babies, much to Beauchamp's chagrin, and meets D'orothea; and Brian begins a rooftop dalliance with a mysterious woman. Events in Tales of the City, like the disappearance of Norman Neal Williams, are resolved, and Mrs. Madrigal reveals her secret to her tenants.

Further Tales of the City (2001)

In Further Tales of the City, Mary Ann has landed a job at a local TV station and finds a story that might make her a reporter; Frannie mourns the apparent loss of her daughter DeDe and grandchildren in the tragedy at Jonestown, until she makes a shocking discovery; Michael dates several men, including a cop, a cowboy, and a movie star; and Prue falls in a love with a mysterious stranger living in a shack in Golden Gate Park. In the miniseries, Mother Mucca visits and introduces Mrs. Madrigal to a handsome, older man, a story line that does not exist in the books but was added for television. There is also a new plot line for Connie Bradshaw which did not feature in the original novel.

Cage Tyler, the movie star with whom Michael has a brief fling, is based on Rock Hudson, who was a friend and lover of Maupin's.^[8] In the novel, the character was not named, but was represented by underscores (e.g. ____ ____) wherever his name would have appeared.

Tales of the City (2019)

In June 2017, it was announced that Netflix was developing a revival of the series.^[9]^[10] In April 2018, it was officially announced that Netflix had given the production a series order. The limited series starred Linney, Garrick and Dukakis reprising their roles of Mary Ann Singleton, DeDe Halycon Day and Anna Madrigal, respectively.^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14] Armistead Maupin's Tales of the City premiered on Netflix on June 7, 2019.^[15]