Thomas Murphy was born in Baltimore, Maryland, the second of five children of Thomas Andrew and Ella Cecilia (née Brady) Murphy.[1] He received his early education at St. Martin parochial school, and graduated from high school in 1925. He attended St. Charles College in Catonsville and St. Mary's Seminary in Baltimore.
On June 10, 1937, he was ordained to the priesthood by Archbishop Michael Joseph Curley.[2] His first assignment was as a curate at his hometown parish of St. Martin Church and afterward at St. Dominic Church.[1] In 1951, Murphy was transferred to St. Rose of Lima Church in Brooklyn, Maryland, of which he became pastor in 1961.[1] He also served as director of the Legion of Decency, moderator of the Archdiocesan Veteran Mission Crusade, and a member of the Archdiocesan Tribunal, Clergymen's Interfaith Committee on Human Rights, and Social Action Committee.