Tourism in London

London, the capital city of England, is one of the world's most visited cities in terms of international visits. It is home to an array of notable tourist attractions, attracting 20.42 million international visitors in 2018,^[1] an additional 27.8 million overnighting domestic tourists in 2017,^[2] and 280 million day-trippers in 2015.^[3]^[4]

Effect on the economy

The travel and tourism sector in the United Kingdom contributed GBP66.3 billion to the gross domestic product (GDP), 3.4% of total GDP in 2016 and is expected to rise by 2.2% pa, from 2017 to 2027, to GBP84.6 billion, which could comprise up to 3.6% of the total GDP in 2027.^[5]^{[better source needed]}

In 2011, visitors to London spent £9.4 billion, which is a little more than half of the total amount international visitors spent in the whole of the United Kingdom the same year.^[6]

A 2013 study by Deloitte and Oxford Economics concluded that the tourism sector employed 700,000 people, accounting for 11.6 per cent of London's GDP.^[7]

Notable attractions

The London Eye is a giant Ferris wheel located on the edge of the River Thames. It is 135 metres tall and has a diameter of 120 metres. A short walk away, the area is home to the London Aquarium, Elizabeth Tower, the Houses of Parliament, Westminster Abbey and Nelson's Column. In 2013, the tallest building in London, The Shard, opened a viewing platform to the public. Other major tourist attractions in London include the Tower of London, Buckingham Palace (although this is only open to the public during a limited number of months in the summer), Tower Bridge Experience, Madame Tussauds, ZSL London Zoo, London Dungeon and St Paul's Cathedral.

The Association of Leading Visitor Attractions reported that the following were the top 10 visitor attractions in 2017:^[8]

British Museum – 5.9 million visits
Tate Modern – 5.7 million
National Gallery – 5.2 million
Natural History Museum, London – 4.4 million
Victoria and Albert Museum – 3.7 million
Science Museum, London – 3.3 million
Southbank Centre – 3.2 million
Somerset House – 3.2 million
Tower of London – 2.8 million
Royal Museums Greenwich – 2.6 million

Museums and galleries

There are many museums and art galleries in the London area, the majority of which are free to enter. Many of them are popular places for tourism. In addition to Tate Modern and the National Gallery, notable galleries include Tate Britain and the National Portrait Gallery.

Parks and open spaces

London has several parks for tourists to stroll, rest and relax in. They include Hyde Park, Regent's Park, Green Park, St. James's Park, Hampstead Heath and Greenwich Park.^[9]

Economics

London attracted 16.8 million foreign visitors in 2013, they accounted for 51.4% of all visitors.^[10] Below is the visitors information:

France 1,904,000
United States 1,878,000
Germany 1,295,000
Italy 1,072,000
Spain 866,000
The Netherlands 687,000
Australia 687,000
Republic of Ireland 611,000
Belgium 531,000
Sweden 516,000

Public transportation

Public transportation is essential in bringing tourists to and from attractions, and deciding the means of and cost of their travel.^[11] London's transportation can also be an attraction in itself.^[12] London offers many forms of public transportation: the Underground (commonly referred to as the Tube), double-decker red buses, and taxis.^[13] Tourists can purchase Travelcards to take the Tube, bus, or overground trains through designated zones.^[14]^{[better source needed]}