The Urumaco formation is located in the Urumaco region in the Caribbean coastal Falcón state. The deposits date from 10 to 5.3 million years ago and the Urumaco formation was deposited in an area with large rivers, swamps, estuaries, lagoons and shallow coastal seas. These conditions in the Late Miocene contrast strongly with the current dry environment in the area today.
^Sawfishes and other elasmobranch assemblages from the Mio-Pliocene of the South Caribbean (Urumaco Sequence, northwestern Venezuela). JD Carrillo Briceño et al.. PLOS One (2015).
^Neogene vertebrates from Urumaco, Falcón State, Venezuela: Diversity and significance. MR Sánchez Villagra & OA Aguilera. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology (2010).
^Crocodylian diversity peak and extinction in the late Cenozoic of the northern Neotropics. TM Scheyer et al.. Nature Communications (2013).
^Two new species of the side necked turtle genus, Bairdemys (Pleurodira, Podocnemididae), from the Miocene of Venezuela. ES Gaffney et al.. Paläontologische Zeitschrift (2008).
^Fossil snakes from the Neogene of Venezuela (Falcón state). JJ Head, MR Sánchez Villagra & OA Aguillera. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology (2006).
^Fossil rodents from the Late Miocene Urumaco and Middle Miocene Cumaca Formations, Venezuela. J. Horovitz et al.. In: Urumaco & Venezuelan Paleontology. MR Sánchez Villagra, OA Aguillera & AA Carlini. Indiana University Press (2010).
^Two new megalonychid sloths (Mammalia: Xenarthra) from the Urumaco Formation (late Miocene), and their phylogenetic affinities. AD Rincón, A Solórzano, HG McDonald & M Montellano-Ballesteros. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology (2018).
^A new Megadolodinae (Mammalia, Litopterna, Protherotheriidae) from the Urumaco Formation (Late Miocene) of Venezuela. AA Carlini, JN Gelfo & R Sánchez. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology (2006).
^Fossil cetaceans (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the Neogene of Colombia and Venezuela. G Aguirre Fernández et al. Journal of Mammalian Evolution (2016).
^Fossil Sirenia of the West Atlantic and Caribbean region. VIII. Nanosiren garciae, gen. et sp. nov. and Nanosiren sanchezi, sp. nov. DP Domning & OA Aguilera. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology (2008).