He was reprimanded by the Ming court in the 1630s for failing to join the fight against Nurhaci.[1] The ruling forces of the short-lived Shun dynasty of late Imperial China took over his house, and Li Zicheng executed him.[2] This contributed to the Wu Sangui's decision to oppose that regime, which hastened the downfall of the already crumbling Ming dynasty.[3]
^Crossley, Pamela Kyle (1999). A Translucent Mirror: History and Identity in Qing Imperial Ideology. University of California Press. p. 106. ISBN0-520-23424-3.
^Peterson, Barbara Bennett (2000). Notable Women of China: Shang Dynasty to the Early Twentieth Century. M.E. Sharpe. p. 332. ISBN0-7656-0504-X.
^Forges, Roger (2003). Cultural Centrality and Political Change in Chinese History: Northeast Henan. California: Stanford University Press. p. 307. ISBN0-8047-4044-5.
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