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Eleosoma

Semillas de Acacia dealbata, algunas portando todavía los arilos/eleosomas que sirven de recompensa a ciertas hormigas en un típico ejemplo de mutualismo.

Un eleosoma o elaiosoma es una reserva de substancias nutritivas (usualmente aceites, de ahí el nombre, del griego έλαιον, aceite, y σωμα, cuerpo) dispuesta en el exterior de la semilla de una planta superior. Su presencia está usualmente asociada a una dispersión zoócora, fundamentalmente por parte de ciertas especies de hormigas (mirmecocoria), que utilizan el eleosoma como alimento, quedando el resto de la semilla oculto bajo tierra y en disposición de germinar.

Los eleosomas se desarrollan de diversas formas a partir de tejidos de las semillas (chalaza, funículo, hilum, rafe-antirafe o de tejidos de la flor o del fruto (exocarpo, receptáculo, tubo, perigonio, estilo,...).[1]​ Los diversos orígenes y vías de desarrollo aparentemente sirven a la misma función, que es atraer a las hormigas. Debido a que los eleosomas se encuentran presentes en por lo menos 11.000, y posiblemente hasta 23.000 especies de plantas, los eleosomas son un ejemplo muy relevante de evolución convergente en las plantas de flor.[2]​

Referencias

  1. ↑ Gorb, E. and Gorb, S. (2003). Seed Dispersal by Ants in a Deciduous Ecosystem. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands. 
  2. ↑ Lengyel, S. et al. (2010). «Convergent evolution of seed dispersal by ants, and phylogeny and biogeography in flowering plants: a global survey». Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 12 (1): 43-55. doi:10.1016/j.ppees.2009.08.001. 



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