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Kaus Borealis

Kaus Borealis
Constelación Sagitario
Ascensión recta α 18h 27min 58,2s
Declinación δ -25º 25’ 18’’
Distancia 77,3 ± 1,6 años luz
Magnitud visual +2,81
Magnitud absoluta +0,94
Luminosidad 52 soles
Temperatura 4700 K
Masa 2,3 soles
Radio 11 soles
Tipo espectral K1IIIb
Velocidad radial -43,2 km/s
Otros nombres HD 169916 / HR 6913
HIP 90496 / SAO 186841

Kaus Borealis (λ Sagittarii / λ Sgr / 22 Sagittarii)[1]​ es una estrella de la constelación de Sagitario de magnitud aparente +2,81.

Nombre

Kaus Borealis está situada en la parte superior del arco, de donde proviene su nombre: Kaus, del árabe «arco», y Borealis del latín «boreal», «en el norte». Debajo se encuentran las otras estrellas del arco, Kaus Medius (δ Sagittarii) y Kaus Australis (ε Sagittarii). Junto a Polis (μ Sagittarii) puede haber sido el Anu-ni-tum acadio, asociado con la diosa Ishtar.[2]

Localización

Justo al oeste de Kaus Borealis y encima de la nebulosa de la Laguna se sitúa el solsticio de diciembre, el punto más meridional del recorrido del Sol a través del cielo.[3]​ Estando cerca de la eclíptica, Kaus Borealis a veces es ocultada por la Luna y ocasionalmente por planetas. El último planeta que la ocultó fue Venus el 19 de noviembre de 1984 y anteriormente lo había hecho Mercurio el 5 de diciembre de 1865.

Kaus Borealis está a 77 años luz del sistema solar. Dentro de 432 000 años tendrá lugar su máximo acercamiento a la Tierra, cuando estará a 35 años luz; en ese momento, su brillo alcanzará magnitud +1,06.[4]

Características

Kaus Borealis es una gigante naranja de tipo espectral K1IIIb[1]​ similar a Pólux (β Geminorum). Con una temperatura superficial de 4700 K, tiene una luminosidad 52 veces mayor que la del Sol. La medida de su diámetro angular, 0,0044 segundos de arco, permite calcular su radio, 11 veces más grande que el radio solar. Asimismo es una fuente de rayos X, lo que indica que tiene cierta actividad magnética. Tiene una masa aproximada de 2,3 masas solares.[3]

La composición química de Kaus Borealis es semejante a la solar, siendo su índice de metalicidad —abundancia relativa de elementos más pesados que el helio— [M/H] = -0,04.[5]

Referencias

  1. a b Lam Sgr -- Star (SIMBAD)
  2. Kaus Borealis (The Fixed Stars)
  3. a b Kaus Borealis (Jim Kaler, Stars)
  4. «Kaus Borealis (Ashland Astronomy Studio)». Archivado desde el original el 10 de marzo de 2015. Consultado el 4 de septiembre de 2012. 
  5. Liu, Y. J.; Zhao, G.; Shi, J. R.; Pietrzyński, G.; Gieren, W. (2007). «The abundances of nearby red clump giants». Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 382 (2). pp. 553-566. 

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