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Chilenmansikka

Chilenmansikka
Tieteellinen luokittelu
Kunta: Kasvit Plantae
Kladi: Putkilokasvit Tracheophyta
Kladi: Siemenkasvit Spermatophyta
Kladi: Koppisiemeniset Angiospermae
Kladi: Aitokaksisirkkaiset
Kladi: Rosidit
Lahko: Rosales
Heimo: Ruusukasvit Rosaceae
Alaheimo: Rosoideae
Tribus: Potentilleae
Alatribus: Fragariinae[1]
Suku: Mansikat Fragaria
Laji: chiloensis
Kaksiosainen nimi

Fragaria chiloensis
(L.) Mill.

Katso myös

  Chilenmansikka Wikispeciesissä
  Chilenmansikka Commonsissa

Chilenmansikka (Fragaria chiloensis) on Amerikan mantereen länsirannikolta lähtöisin oleva mansikkalaji. Sen luontainen levinneisyysalue ulottuu Tyynenmeren rannikolla Kaliforniasta Chileen saakka, ja sitä kasvaa myös Havaijilla. Viljelykasvina käytettävä puutarhamansikka on virginianmansikan ja chilenmansikan risteytys.

Euroopassa chilenmansikan teki tunnetuksi ranskalainen tutkimusmatkailija Amédée-François Frézier (1682–1773). Hän oli löytänyt tämän suurimarjaisen kasvin Etelä-Amerikasta, toi sen sieltä Ranskaan ja aikoi aloittaa viljelyksen. Hänen pettymyksekseen kasvi ei kuitenkaan tuottanut Ranskassa lainkaan marjoja. Syyksi osoittautui, että eräistä muista mansikkalajeista poiketen chilenmansikka on kaksikotinen kasvi, eli sillä heteet ja emit ovat eri kasviyksilöissä. Tällaisella kasvilla vain emiyksilöt tuottavat marjoja, ja nekin vain, jos lähellä kasvaa myös hedeyksilöitä, joista niihin kulkeutuu siitepölyä. Frézier oli kuitenkin tuonut Ranskaan vain runsaasti marjoja tuottavia yksilöitä eli pelkkiä emikasveja.[2]

Eräät bretagnelaiset puutarhurit havaitsivat kuitenkin pian, että chilenmansikka saatiin tuottamaan marjoja, jos lähellä kasvatettiin myös Eurooppaan jo aikaisemmin tuotuja virginianmansikoita. Täten näiden kahden lajin risteytyksenä syntyi nykyisin eniten viljelty mansikkalaji, puutarhamansikka (Fragaria × ananassa).[2]

Lähteet

  1. ↑ Stevens, P. F.: Rosaceae Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Viitattu 5.4.2021.
  2. ↑ a b Arne Rousi: Auringonkukasta viiniköynnökseen, ravintokasvit ihmisen palveluksessa, WSOY 1997, ISBN 951-0-21295-4

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