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Deir el-Medina

Deir el-Medinan työläiskylän rauniot.

Deir el-Medina (tai Deir el-Medine) on Thebassa (nyk. Luxor), Niilin läntisellä rannalla sijaitseva paikka, jonka muinainen egyptinkielinen nimi oli Set-Maat, 'totuuden paikka'. Siellä sijaitsee muinaisegyptiläinen rauniokylä, joka tunnetaan nykyään Deir el-Medinan työläiskylänä. Se on merkittävä arkeologinen löytö, koska siellä on säilynyt tavallisten muinaisten egyptiläisten asuintaloja, mikä on hyvin harvinaista.[1] Deir el-Medinan työläiskylää tutkimalla on voitu selvittää muinaisten egyptiläisten arkisesta elämästä paljon sellaista, mikä ei selviä temppeleitä ja kalliohautoja tutkimalla.

Deir el-Medinan työläiskylästä on löydetty kaikkiaan noin 120 perheen asunnot. Deir el-Medinan perheet asuivat keskimäärin 40 neliömetrin kokoisissa tasakattoisissa rivitaloissa.[1] Taloissa oli tavallisesti kolme peräkkäistä huonetta, joista keskimmäinen oli suurin. Keskimmäistä huonetta käytettiin olohuoneena ja sen kattoa kannatteli yksi pylväs. Takimmaista huonetta käytettiin keittiönä ja ruokasalina, ja siellä oli katolle johtavat portaat.

Deir el-Medinan asukkaat rakensivat työkseen faaraoiden hautoja Kuninkaiden ja Kuningattarien laaksoissa. Yllättävän monet työläiskylän asukkaat olivat luku- ja kirjoitustaitoisia. Luku- ja kirjoitustaitoa tarvittiin, sillä haudanrakentajien tuli osata kaivertaa maagisia tekstejä hautojen seinille. Deir el-Medinan työläiskylä perustettiin n. 1500-luvulla eaa., ja se hylättiin äkillisesti 1000-luvulla eaa., uuden valtakunnan lopussa. Vuonna 1165 alueen käsityöläiset ja työntekijät tekivät lakon, sillä valtio ei ollut kahteen kuukauteen maksanut heidän palkkojaan (oikeastaan vilja-annoksiaan).[1]

Deir el-Medinan työläiskylästä on löydetty paljon papyruksille ja savisirpaleille hieraattisella kirjoituksella tuherrettuja viestejä, joissa kylän asukkaat kertovat kuulumisistaan, ongelmistaan, iloistaan ja suruistaan. [1] Näiden todistuskappaleiden avulla on voitu rekonstruoida hyvin tarkka kuva arkielämästä muinaisessa Egyptissä.

Deir el-Medinan paikalla on sijainnut luostari 400-luvulla. Luostari oli pyhitetty Pyhälle Isidorille.

Lähteet

  1. ↑ a b c d Otavan suuri maailmanhistoria. Osa 2, Jokilaaksojen valtakunnat, Päätoim. Erling Bjöl, Helsinki Otava 1982. ISBN 951-1-06987-X. Sivut 101, 127, 128.

Kirjallisuutta

  • Romer, John: Ancient Lives - The Story of the Pharaohs' Tombmakers. Great Britain, Weidenfeld & Nicolson 1984.
  • Toivari-Viitala, Jaana: Kirjeitä faraoiden Egyptistä. Basam books 2004.
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