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Uusi julkisjohtamisen oppi

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Uusi julkisjohtamisen oppi eli New Public Management perustuu näennäismarkkinoiden teoriaan. Se on Yhdysvalloissa 1970–80-luvuilla kehitetty julkisten organisaatioiden muutosoppi, jonka tavoitteena on siirtää yksityiseltä puolelta omaksuttuja toimintatapoja julkisen hallinnon organisaatioihin ja toimintamalleihin. Uusi julkisjohtamisen oppi perustuu pohjimmiltaan tayloristiseen talousteoriaan, eli keskusjohtoiseen tieteelliseen liikkeenjohtoon.

Aiemmin julkisten organisaatioiden opit perustuivat pitkälti virkamiesten rationaalisuuteen, etiikkaan ja yleisen hyvän käsitteeseen. Uuden julkisjohtamisen malli perustuu yksityisten markkinoiden ihailuun ja idealisointiin. Tämän käsityksen mukaan suurin osa julkisen sektorin toiminnoista voidaan − ja pitää − yksityistää ja ulkoistaa eli hoitaa yksityisten markkinoiden kautta.

Uuden julkisjohtamisen opin mukaan yksityiset markkinat ovat tehokkaat ja perinteinen valtio (julkiset toiminnot yleensä) tehoton. Tästä uskomuksesta syntyy tarve uudistaa kaikki julkiset organisaatiot yksityisten yhtiöiden johtamismallien mukaan. Jokaiselle yksikölle ja osa-alueelle täytyy luoda omat budjetit, ja niiden käytettävissä olevat varat sidotaan määrällisiin tuotoksiin, joista vain pieni osa tulee yksiköiden omaan budjettiin. Menestyksekkäitä yksiköitä ja etenkin niiden johtajia tulee palkita, kun taas määritellyillä kriteereillä heikosti pärjänneiltä voidaan viedä rahat ja toimintaedellytykset.

Katso myös

Kirjallisuutta

  • Yliaska, Ville: Tehokkuuden toiveuni. Uuden julkisjohtamisen historia Suomessa 1970-luvulta 1990-luvulle. (Väitöskirja: Helsingin yliopisto) Helsinki: Into, 2014. ISBN 978-952-264-318-6

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