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Venera 13

Venera 13
Venera 13:n laskeutuja.
Venera 13:n laskeutuja.
Tehtävätyyppi ohilento/laskeutuja
Kohde Venus
Laukaisu 30. lokakuuta 1981 kello 06.04.00 UTC[1]
Baikonurin kosmodromi[1]
COSPAR ID: 1981-106A

Venera 13 (ven. Венера-13) ja Venera 14 olivat Neuvostoliiton vuonna 1981 Venukseen lähettämiä avaruusluotaimia. Alukset olivat keskenään samanlaisia. Venera 13 laukaistiin 30. lokakuuta 1981 kello 06.04 UTC.

Luotaimen massa oli 760 kg. Venuksen kiertoradalle se saapui 1. maaliskuuta 1982. Tuolloin laskeutumiskapseli laskeutui Venuksen kaasukehään laskuvarjon varassa. 50 kilometrin korkeudessa laskuvarjo irrotettiin ja loppuosa laskeutumisesta tapahtui kaasukehän kitkan aiheuttaman jarrutuksen avulla. Venera 13 laskeutui koordinaatteihin 7,5° eteläistä, 303° itäistä, arviolta 950 km koilliseen Venera 14:stä Phoebe-ylänköalueen itäpuolelle. Laskeutumisen jälkeen Venera 13:n laskeutumiskapseli otti maaperänäytteen ja kuvasi Venuksen pintaa. Laskeutuja säilyi 127 minuuttia toimintakykyisenä 457 °C ja 84 Maan ilmakehän (8,5 MPa) paineessa. Laskeutuja lähetti tietoja luotaimen kiertoradalla sijaitsevan satelliittiosan radiolinkkiin.[2]

Voimakkaan ukkosen ääntä tallentanut Venera 13 oli ensimmäinen toisesta maailmasta ääntä tallentanut luotain.[3] Lisäksi Venera 13 välitti ensimmäisen värikuvan Venuksen pinnalta.[4]

Lähteet

  1. ↑ a b NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Trajectory Details NSSDC Master Catalog. Arkistoitu 25.12.2015. Viitattu 25.12.2015.
  2. ↑ NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details NSSDC Master Catalog. Viitattu 25.12.2015.
  3. ↑ The Venera Program thespacecollective.com. 29.10.2021. Viitattu 25.8.2024. (englanniksi)
  4. ↑ This image has been enhanced from a photo of Venus taken by Soviet spacecraft Venera 13 AFP. 9.2.2021. Viitattu 25.8.2024. (englanniksi)

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